scholarly journals Formation and field-driven dynamics of nematic spheroids

Soft Matter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (28) ◽  
pp. 4890-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Fu ◽  
Nasser Mohieddin Abukhdeir
Keyword(s):  
External Field ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Structural Transitions ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Switching Dynamics ◽  
Insight Into

Simulations of phase formation and external field-driven switching dynamics of micron-scale nematic spheroids provide insight into the complex interplay between nanoscale defect dynamics and macroscale structural transitions.

scholarly journals The role of phagocytosis-dependent activation of TFEB in the clearance of salmonella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Ospina Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Phagosome Maturation ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb ◽  
Insight Into

During phagocytosis, macrophages engulf and sequester pathogens into phagosomes. Phagosomes then fuse with acidic and degradative lysosomes to degrade the internalized pathogen. We previously demonstrated that phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized particles and non-opsonized E.coli causes activation of the Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), which enhances the expression of lysosomal genes, increases the degradative capacity of lysosomes and boosts bactericidal activity. However, pathogens like Salmonella typhimurium have evolved mechanisms to evade and/or alter phagosome maturation to promote their own survival. We investigated: i) whether pathogens like Salmonella can alter TFEB activation and ii) whether phagocytosis-dependent activation of TFEB can counteract the pathogenicity of microorganisms. Here, we show that non-viable (heat-killed) S. typhimurium, pathogenic (EHEC and UPEC) and non-pathogenic E.coli (DH5α) all caused TFEB nuclear translocation in RAW macrophages, while strikingly live S. typhimurium maintained TFEB in the cytosol in the first hours post-infection. By contrast, Salmonella mutants for ΔsifA, ΔsopD2, ΔphoP all triggered TFEB activation in the first hour of infection. However, Salmonella infection eventually triggered a steady increase in nuclear TFEB after 4 h of infection, suggesting a more complex interplay between TFEB and Salmonella infection. We dissected the importance of TFEB activation towards Salmonella survivability by pre-activating TFEB before infection within WT macrophages and macrophages with a CRISPR-based deletion of TFEB. Our work suggests that Salmonella actively interferes with TFEB signaling in order to enhance its own survival. These results could provide insight into using TFEB as a target for the clearance of infections.

Specific features of penetration and trapping of a magnetic flux in film and bulk YBCO high-temperature superconductors

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (31) ◽  
pp. 1850346
Author(s):  
Kh. R. Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
External Field ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Bulk Ybco ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Insight Into

An oscillatory differential method of local diagnostics of superconductors is applied to the analysis of the trapped magnetic flux and the effective demagnetization factor in YBCO samples. Regular steps over certain intervals of the external field are observed on the magnetic-field dependence of these parameters. It is demonstrated that, as the external field increases, crystallites in a sample are decomposed into sub- and nanocrystallites with a size much less than the penetration depth [Formula: see text] of the magnetic field. The first critical thermodynamic magnetic fields of sub- and nanocrystallites are determined. These results allow one to reveal the interaction mechanism between magnetic and crystalline microstructures of superconductors and provide a deeper insight into the physical processes that occur in high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) in a magnetic field.

scholarly journals Inhabiting Culture on the Frontiers of Socialism (Gorna Džumaja, 1944-1948)

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 289-326
Author(s):  
Antonela Capelle-Pogăcean ◽  
Nadège Ragaru
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Oblique View ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Border City ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines the cultural shaping (through film and theater) of urban identities in Gorna Džhumaja, a border city located in Pirin Macedonia, at the dawn of Socialism. In a region that was at the center of Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Greek national conflict, thus rendering its future unpredictable, the establishment of Socialism between 1944-1948 coincided with intense social and national engineering. Developments in the domains of cinema and theater offer a heuristic lens through which to view these processes, notably because of the educational and political role they were attributed. Exploring changes in the cultural environment, designated toponyms, and everyday life of cultural institutions offers new insight into the complex interplay between the pre-Socialist and Socialist periods. It also provides an oblique view of how the Socialist city was fashioned through theatrical tours and ambulant cinema. Socialism thus emerges, beyond sovietization, as a product of transnational circulation.

scholarly journals New Insight into Phase Formation of MxMg2Al4+xSi5−xO18:Eu2+ Solid Solution Phosphors and Its Luminescence Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Zhiguo Xia ◽  
Mingyue Chen ◽  
Maxim S. Molokeev ◽  
Quanlin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals What are the microscopic events of colloidal membrane fouling?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wessling
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Primary Minimum ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Colloidal Fouling ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Patchy Colloids ◽  
Discrete Element Methods ◽  
Insight Into

Due to the complex interplay between surface adsorption and hydrodynamic interactions, representative microsocpic mechanisms of colloidal membrane fouling are still not well understood. Numerical simulations overcome experimental limitations such as the temporal and spatial resolution of microscopic events during colloidal membrane fouling: they help to gain deeper insight into fouling processes. This study uses coupled computational fluid dynamics - discrete element methods (CFD-DEM) simulations to examine mechanisms of colloidal fouling in a microfluidic architecture mimicking a porous microfiltration membrane. We pay special attention to how particles can overcome energy barriers leading to adsorption and desorption with each other and with the external and internal membrane surface. Interparticle interaction leads to a transition from the secondary to the primary minimum of the DLVO potential. Adsorbed particles can show re-entrainment or they can glide downstream. Since particles mainly resuspend as clusters, the inner pore geometry significantly affects the fouling behavior. The findings allow a basic understanding of microscopic fouling events during colloidal filtration. The methodology enables future systematic studies on the interplay of hydrodynamic conditions and surface energy contributions represented by potentials for soft and patchy colloids.

scholarly journals Flooding dynamics in a large low-gradient alluvial fan, the Okavango Delta, Botswana, from analysis and interpretation of a 30-year hydrometric record

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1865-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wolski ◽  
M. Murray-Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Okavango Delta ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Flood Dynamics ◽  
The Given ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. The Okavango Delta is a flood-pulsed wetland, the resources of which support a large tourism industry and subsistence of the local population. In order to obtain an insight into the influence of various environmental factors on flood propagation and distribution in this system, an analysis was undertaken of a 30-year record of hydrometric data (discharges and water levels) from one of the Delta distributaries. The analysis revealed that water levels and discharges at any given channel site in the analysed distributary are influenced by a complex interplay of flood wave and local rainfall input modified by channel-floodplain interactions, in-channel sedimentation and technical interventions, both at the given site and upstream. Additionally, cyclical variation of channel margin vegetation due to nutrients recycling might play a role. It was shown that data from channels do not adequately represent flood dynamics and its change at the distributary level. The paper contributes to the understanding of seasonal and long-term flood pulsing and their changes in low gradient systems of channels and floodplains.

scholarly journals Latvijas minerālās izejvielas eko-keramikas izstrādei

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Gaida Sedmale ◽  
Māris Rundāns ◽  
Mārtiņs Randers ◽  
Ingunda Šperberga ◽  
Andris Cimmers
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Insight Into

Darbā dots ieskats par iespējām izmantot Latvijas minerālās izejvielas kā bāzi vai  piedevu  keramikas  materiālu  (eko-materiālu)  izstrādei ar dažādu pielietošanas aspektu, to skaitā parādīt iespēju šo materiālu ieguves tehnoloģisko procesu optimizēšanai virzībā uz to apdedzināšanas temperatūras samazināšanu, līdz ar to reducējot kaitīgu gāzveida izmešu nonākšanu vidē. Parādīti darbu rezultāti laika periodā no 2007. g. līdz 2017. g. Tiek apskatīti un analizēti sekojoši pētījumi:neapstrādāta māla pielietošana atkritumu deponēšanas vietu noblīvēšanai;daļēji dehidratizēta māla pielietošana Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn2+ un Cu+ jonu sorbcijai, kas veidojas galvanisko procesu notekūdeņos; poru saturošas augsttemperatūras keramikas izstrāde no jauktiem izejvielu maisījumiem, kas nodrošina pietiekamu gāzveida fāzes izveidošanos keramikas apdedzināšanas procesā, veidojot poras, lai pielietotu par filtrēšanas/attīrīšanas materiālu;illīta māla piedevu izmantošana, lai pazeminātu augsttemperatūras blīvas keramikas saķepināšanas/apdedzināšanas temperatūru, iegūstot ilgspējīgu mehāniski un termiski izturīgu produktu; kā arī tehnoloģiskie procesi, kas nodrošina porainas, siltumu izolējošas keramikas materiāla ieguvi pie pazeminātām temperatūrām (ģeopolimēru metode).Mineral Raw Materials of Latvia for Development of Eco-CeramicsThe paper gives an insight into the possibilities to use Latvian mineral raw materials as a base or additives for the development of ceramic materials (eco- materials) with different application aspects, including showing the possibility of optimizing the technological processes of these materials towards the reduction of their firing temperature, thereby reducing the release of harmful gaseous effluents into the environment.The results of the works that are reported in the period were obtained from  2007 to 2017. The following studies are reviewed and analyzed: the use of untreated clay for the sealing of waste deposits; the use of partly dehydrated clay for sorption of Cr3+,6+, Zn2+ and Cu2+, which have formed in galvanic processes; the development of porous high temperature ceramics from mixes  of mineral raw materials and synthetic additives that provide a sufficient gas phase  formation in the firing process and consecutively to form pores in obtained ceramic material; the use of illite clay additives to reduce the temperature of sintering of high temperature dense mechanical and thermally durable ceramics, as well as technological processes that ensure the production of porous, heat-insulating ceramic materials at reduced temperatures (geopolymer method).

scholarly journals An insight into osteoarthritis susceptibility: Integration of immunological and genetic background

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Stefik ◽  
Vladimir Vranic ◽  
Nemanja Ivkovic ◽  
Dzihan Abazovic ◽  
Dusan Maric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Disease ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects all synovial joints, causing the disability of the main locomotor diarthrodial joints. OA pathogenesis is caused by a complex interplay between a number of genetic and environmental risk factors, involved in the early onset and progression of this chronic inflammatory joint disease. Uncovering the underlying immunological and genetic mechanisms will enable an insight into OA pathophysiology and lead to novel and integrative approaches in the treatment of OA patients, together with a reduction of the disease risk, or a delay of its onset in susceptible patients.

scholarly journals Substituted polyfluoroaryl interactions with an arginine side chain in galectin-3 are governed by steric-, desolvation and electronic conjugation effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Kristoffer Peterson ◽  
Majda Misini Ignjatović ◽  
Hakon Leffler ◽  
Ulf Ryde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Protein Binding Sites ◽  
Arginine Side Chain ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Insight Into

Analysis of a ligand induced-aglycone-binding pocket in galectin-3 provides detailed insight into interactions of fluorinated phenyl moieties with arginine-containing protein binding sites and the complex interplay of different energetic components in defining the binding affinity.

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