IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway and miRNAs are involved in whole grain highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ameliorating hyperglycemia of db/db mice

Arabinoxylan (HBAX-60) was fractioned from alkaline-extracted arabinoxylan (HBAX) in the whole grain of hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f. Poaceae) by 60% ethanol precipitation, which was studied for physicochemical properties and structure elucidation. Highly purified HBAX-60 mainly composed of arabinose (40.7%) and xylose (59.3%) was created. The methylation and NMR analysis of HBAX-60 indicated that a low-branched β-(1→4)-linked xylan backbone possessed un-substituted (1,4-linked β-Xylp, 36.2%), mono-substituted (β-1,3,4-linked Xylp, 5.9%), and di-substituted (1,2,3,4-linked β-Xylp, 12.1%) xylose units as the main chains, though other residues (α-Araf-(1→, β-Xylp-(1→, α-Araf-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→ or β-Xylp-(1→3)-α-Araf-(1→) were also determined. Additionally, HBAX-60 exhibited random coil conformation in a 0.1 M NaNO3 solution. This work provides the properties and structural basis of the hull-less barley-derived arabinoxylan, which facilitates further research for exploring the structure–function relationship and application of arabinoxylan from hull-less barley.

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Comparison of pasting properties measured from the whole grain flour and extracted starch in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0216978 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. e0216978 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiangyun Fan ◽

Juan Zhu ◽

Wenbin Dong ◽

Yuandong Sun ◽

Chao Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Pasting Properties ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Whole Grain Flour

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iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of controlled atmosphere storage for Tibetan hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L) preservation

Journal of Cereal Science ◽

10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 103132

Author(s):

Feiyan Yang ◽

Tao Chen ◽

Shuguo Sun ◽

Beiping Li ◽

Qinlu Lin

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Quantitative Proteomics ◽

Controlled Atmosphere ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Proteomics Analysis ◽

Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽

Atmosphere Storage

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Study on the origin traceability of Tibet highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) based on its nutrients and mineral elements

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 346 ◽

pp. 128928

Author(s):

Tangwei Zhang ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Jirong Li ◽

Shanshan Zhao ◽

Mengjie Qie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Highland Barley

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Assessment of the Phenolic Profiles, Hypoglycemic Activity, and Molecular Mechanism of Different Highland Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21041175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1175 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Na Deng ◽

Bisheng Zheng ◽

Tong Li ◽

Rui Hai Liu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Hypoglycemic Activity ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Glycogen Accumulation ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Highland Barley

The phenolic profiles, hypoglycemic activity, and molecular mechanism of the effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of four highland barley varieties were investigated in the present study. The fundamental phenolics in highland barley were ferulic acid, naringin, and catechin, which mainly existed in bound form. These varieties showed favorable hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, enhancement of glucose consumption, glycogen accumulation and glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) activity, and down-regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities. Specifically, ZQ320 variety exhibited the strongest hypoglycemic activity compared to the other varieties. Highland barley phenolics could inhibit gluconeogenesis and motivate glycogen synthesis via down-regulating the gene expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), while activating the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase (Akt), GYS2, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). Therefore, phenolics from highland barley could be served as suitable candidates for therapeutic agent in T2DM to improve human health.

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Effect of Fe3O4 and CuO Nanoparticles on Morphology, Genotoxicity, and miRNA Expression on Different Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/6644689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Anastasija Petrova ◽

Ilona Plaksenkova ◽

Inese Kokina ◽

Marija Jermaļonoka

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Mirna Expression ◽

Genome Stability ◽

Cuo Nanoparticles ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Reduced Genome ◽

Cuo Nps ◽

Fe3o4 Nps

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have an influence on plant growth and development. They can alter plant shoot and root length, fresh biomass production, and even influence the genome. Nanoparticles are also able to affect expression levels of plant microRNAs. MicroRNAs are able to protect plants from biotic stress, including pathogens which cause powdery mildew. In this study, Hordeum vulgare L. varieties “Marthe” and “KWS Olof” were grown in hydroponics with magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) and copper oxide (CuO) NPs added at 17, 35, and 70 mg/L. Plant morphology, genotoxicity, and expression of miR156a were investigated. The Fe3O4 and CuO NPs demonstrated different effects on the barley varieties, namely, Fe3O4 nanoparticles increased plant shoot and root lengths and fresh biomass, while CuO nanoparticles decreased them. CuO NPs presence caused larger changes on barley genome compared to Fe3O4 NPs. Thus, Fe3O4 NPs reduced genome stability to 72% in the “Marthe” variety and to 76.34% in the “KWS Olof” variety, while CuO NPs reduced genome stability to 53.33% in “Marthe” variety and in the “KWS Olof” variety to 68.81%. The miR156a expression levels after Fe3O4 NPs treatment did not change in the “Marthe” variety, but increased in the “KWS Olof” variety, while CuO NPs treatment increased miRNA expression levels in the “Marthe” variety but decrease them in the “KWS Olof” variety. As NPs are able to influence miRNA expression and miRNAs can affect the plant resistance, obtained results suggest that tested NPs may alter plant resistance response to pathogens.

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