Tuning dimensionality between 2D and 1D MOFs by lanthanide contraction and ligand-to-metal ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 6600-6610
Author(s):  
Fernando González Chávez ◽  
Hiram Isaac Beltrán

2D/1D dimensionality tuning in LnMOFs is related to both (i) ligand-to-metal ratio and (ii) lanthanide contraction, this is only possible with Er/Tm, lighter lanthanides e.g. Pr only produced 2D MOFs, despite different ligand-to-metal ratios were used.

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (45) ◽  
pp. 15661-15665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian F. M. Schmidt ◽  
Marcel P. Merkel ◽  
George E. Kostakis ◽  
Gernot Buth ◽  
Christopher E. Anson ◽  
...  

We present the synthesis and characterization of heterometallic compounds with a very large azide to metal ratio and fascinating magnetic properties.


1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 2412-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavoj Černý ◽  
Milan Kovář

Heat of interaction of oxygen dosed to vacuum-evaporated films of dysprosium and yttrium were measured in a calorimeter at room temperature. The high and rapidly produced heat, and the attained oxygen-to-metal ratio indicate high reactivity of these rare earth metals towards oxygen molecules which obviously undergo dissociative sorption. The energy of bonding of the formed oxygen species to the metal was estimated to 723 kJ/mol (173 kcal/mol) and 780 kJ/mol (186 kcal/mol) for Dy and Y, respectively. A markedly higher sorption capacity of Y film compared to Dy film was observed. The heat produced by the first admitted doses of oxygen may suggest formation of a solid solution of oxygen species in Dy and Y at very low oxygen-to-metal ratios.


2019 ◽  
Vol 623 ◽  
pp. A5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Vis ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
S. Viaene ◽  
V. Casasola ◽  
C. J. R. Clark ◽  
...  

Observations of evolution in the dust-to-metal ratio allow us to constrain the dominant dust processing mechanisms. In this work, we present a study of the dust-to-metal and dust-to-gas ratios in a sub-sample of ~500 DustPedia galaxies. Using literature and MUSE emission line fluxes, we derived gas-phase metallicities (oxygen abundances) for over 10 000 individual regions and determine characteristic metallicities for each galaxy. We study how the relative dust, gas, and metal contents of galaxies evolve by using metallicity and gas fraction as proxies for evolutionary state. The global oxygen abundance and nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio are found to increase monotonically as galaxies evolve. Additionally, unevolved galaxies (gas fraction >60%, metallicity 12 + log(O∕H) < 8.2) have dust-to-metal ratios that are about a factor of 2.1 lower (a factor of six lower for galaxies with gas fraction >80%) than the typical dust-to-metal ratio (Md∕MZ ~ 0.214) for more evolved sources. However, for high gas fractions, the scatter is larger due to larger observational uncertainties as well as a potential dependence of the dust grain growth timescale and supernova dust yield on local conditions and star formation histories. We find chemical evolution models with a strong contribution from dust grain growth describe these observations reasonably well. The dust-to-metal ratio is also found to be lower for low stellar masses and high specific star formation rates (with the exception of some sources undergoing a starburst). Finally, the metallicity gradient correlates weakly with the HI-to-stellar mass ratio, the effective radius and the dust-to-stellar mass ratio, but not with stellar mass.


1995 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell S. Williams

ABSTRACTCompounds of IVb and Vb transition metals and carbon are electronically conductive, hard materials that crystallize in the NaC1 structure but are very nonstoichiometric (carbon-poor), as in TiCx, where x is the carbon/metal ratio and is less than unity. Carbon atom vacancies are randomly located in the fcc carbon sublattice and act as scattering centers for conduction electrons. Data on the electrical resistivity as a function of the concentration of these point defects could be used in the opposite sense–i.e., to determine the defect concentration, (l-x), through a measurement of resistivity. The chemical composition (carbon/metal ratio) is then given directly by x. The random vacancies can be ordered by slow cooling from high temperatures, thereby eliminating the residual resistivity. The carbon/metal ratios of these ordered phases are either 3:4, 5:6 or 7:8 and thus can specify the chemical composition precisely.


Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marius Gollasch ◽  
Julia Müller-Hülstede ◽  
Henrike Schmies ◽  
Dana Schonvogel ◽  
Peter Wagner ◽  
...  

Lowering or eliminating the noble-metal content in oxygen reduction fuel cell catalysts could propel the large-scale introduction of commercial fuel cell systems. Several noble-metal free catalysts are already under investigation with the metal-nitrogen-carbon (Me-N-C) system being one of the most promising. In this study, a systematic approach to investigate the influence of metal ratios in bimetallic Me-N-C fuel cells oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts has been taken. Different catalysts with varying ratios of Fe and Co have been synthesized and characterized both physically and electrochemically in terms of activity, selectivity and stability with the addition of an accelerated stress test (AST). The catalysts show different electrochemical properties depending on the metal ratio such as a high electrochemical mass activity with increasing Fe ratio. Properties do not change linearly with the metal ratio, with a Fe/Co ratio of 5:3 showing a higher mass activity with simultaneous higher stability. Selectivity indicators plateau for catalysts with a Co content of 50% metal ratio and less, showing the same values as a monometallic Co catalyst. These findings indicate a deeper relationship between the ratio of different metals and physical and electrochemical properties in bimetallic Me-N-C catalysts.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Charles Gagné

Bond-length distributions have been examined for eighty-four configurations of the lanthanide ions and twenty-two configurations of the actinide ions bonded to oxygen. The lanthanide contraction for the trivalent lanthanide ions bonded to O<sup>2-</sup> is shown to vary as a function of coordination number and to diminish in scale with increasing coordination number.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6458
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pieniężna ◽  
Weronika Witak ◽  
Aneta Szymańska ◽  
Justyna Brasuń

In this paper, we present studies on the influence of the disulfide bridge on the copper (II) ions’ binding abilities by the cyclic His4-peptide. The studied ligand HKHPHRHC-S-S-C consists of nine amino acids. The cyclic structure was obtained through a disulfide bridge between two cysteinyl groups. Moreover, this peptide is characterized by the presence of four His residues in the sequence, which makes it an interesting ligand for transition metal ions. The potentiometric and spectroscopic (UV-Vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD)) studies were carried out in various molar ligand to metal ratios: 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, in the pH range of 2.5–11 at 25 °C. The results showed that the cyclic His4-peptide promotes dinuclear complexes in each of these systems and forms the final dinuclear species with the {NIm, 3N-amide}{NIm, 3N-amide} coordination mode. The obtained data shows that cyclization by the formation of the disulfide bond has an impact on the peptide chain flexibility and appearance of additional potential donors for metal ions and influences the copper (II) ions’ coordination.


CrystEngComm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (46) ◽  
pp. 8036-8044
Author(s):  
Jannis Wehmeier ◽  
Markus Haase

is an interesting shell material for β-NaREF4 particles of the lighter lanthanides (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd), as variation of its strontium content x allows to vary its lattice parameters and match those of the core material.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4475
Author(s):  
Luana Malacaria ◽  
Giuseppina Anna Corrente ◽  
Emilia Furia

In the frame of a systematic study on the sequestering ability of natural antioxidants towards metal cations, the complexation of coumarin-3-carboxilic acid (HCCA) with neodymium(III) and dioxouranium(VI) (uranyl, UO22+), and overall stability constants of the resulting complexes, were evaluated from the pH-potentiometric titration data at 37 °C and in an aqueous solution (i.e., 0.16 mol/L NaClO4). The graphic representation of the complex’s concentration curves is given by the distribution diagrams, which provide a depiction of all the species present in the solution in the selected pH ranges. The protonation constant of HCCA was also determined to evaluate the competition of the ligand for the metal cations and H+. The ligand-to-metal concentration ratio was varied between 1 and 10, and the hydrogen ion concentration was decreased stepwise until the incipient precipitation of a basic salt of the metal, which occurred at different values depending on the specific metal cation and the ligand to metal ratio. Speciation profiles obtained by potentiometric titrations and supported by UV-Vis data show that a complexation occurs at a ligand-to-Nd(III) and to –UO22+ ratio of 1:1 and 2:1, with different degrees of deprotonation: Nd(OH)(CCA)+, UO2(OH)(CCA), UO2(OH)2(CCA)−, and Nd(OH)(CCA)2, UO2(CCA)2 and (UO2)2(OH)2(CCA)2.


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