Microencapsulated UV filter@ZIF-8 based sunscreens for broad spectrum UV protection

Octyl methoxycinnamate and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane are organic UV filters with poor photostability and will become photoallergy or phototoxic substance when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The organic UV filters coated by microcapsules can reduce the photodegradation and avoid direct contact with the skin. Through microencapsulation, the application of UV filters in cosmetics becomes more effective and safer. This study first used the sol-gel method to create organic/inorganic composite UV filter microcapsules. We used sodium alginate as a shell material of the microcapsule to encapsulate UV filters. CaCO3 and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were used as cross-linking agents, and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) were used as emulsifiers in the interfacial polymerization method for preparation. The results indicated that the microcapsules with 3 g of CaCO3 cross-linking agents had a similar particle size and better entrapment efficiency. The average sizes were 61.0 ± 4.9 μm and 48.6 ± 4.7 μm, and entrapment efficiencies were 75.3 ± 1.9% and 74.8 ± 1.7% for octyl methoxycinnamate and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, respectively. Utilizing sodium alginate as a cross-linking agent is better than TEOS due to the higher calcium content. In vitro transdermal delivery analysis showed that the release rate became steady.

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The Involvement of Xanthone and (E)-Cinnamoyl Chromophores for the Design and Synthesis of Novel Sunscreening Agents

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Justyna Popiół ◽

Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak ◽

Karolina Słoczyńska ◽

Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk ◽

Kamil Piska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Spectroscopic Properties ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Systemic Absorption ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Wet Milling ◽

Uv Filter ◽

Sunscreening Agents

Excessive UV exposure contributes to several pathological conditions like skin burns, erythema, premature skin aging, photodermatoses, immunosuppression, and skin carcinogenesis. Effective protection from UV radiation may be achieved with the use of sunscreens containing UV filters. Currently used UV filters are characterized by some limitations including systemic absorption, endocrine disruption, skin allergy induction, and cytotoxicity. In the research centers all over the world new molecules are developed to improve the safety, photostability, solubility, and absorption profile of new derivatives. In our study, we designed and synthesized seventeen novel molecules by combining in the structures two chromophores: xanthone and (E)-cinnamoyl moiety. The ultraviolet spectroscopic properties of the tested compounds were confirmed in chloroform solutions. They acted as UVB or UVA/UVB absorbers. The most promising compound 9 (6-methoxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthen-2-yl)methyl (E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate) absorbed UV radiation in the range 290–369 nm. Its photoprotective activity and functional photostability were further evaluated after wet milling and incorporation in the cream base. This tested formulation with compound 9 possessed very beneficial UV protection parameters (SPFin vitro of 19.69 ± 0.46 and UVA PF of 12.64 ± 0.32) which were similar as broad-spectrum UV filter tris-biphenyl triazine. Additionally, compound 9 was characterized by high values of critical wavelength (381 nm) and UVA/UVB ratio (0.830) thus it was a good candidate for broad-spectrum UV filter and it might protect skin against UVA-induced photoaging. Compound 9 were also shown to be photostable, non-cytotoxic at concentrations up to 50 µM when tested on five cell lines, and non-mutagenic in Ames test. It also possessed no estrogenic activity, according to the results of MCF-7 breast cancer model. Additionally, its favorable lipophilicity (miLogP = 5.62) does not predispose it to penetrate across the skin after topical application.

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Occurrence of widely used organic UV filters in lake and river sediments

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en11076 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Dominic Kaiser ◽

Olaf Wappelhorst ◽

Matthias Oetken ◽

Jörg Oehlmann

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Lake Sediments ◽

Sediment Sample ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

River Sediments ◽

Freshwater Ecosystems ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Uv Filter ◽

Organic Uv Filters

Environmental contextPersonal care products containing organic chemicals to filter the sun’s UV rays are produced and used on a broad scale worldwide. Consequently, these organic UV filters are now widespread in the environment. We investigate the occurrence of seven common organic UV filters in river and lake sediments thereby providing valuable data for the future environmental risk assessment of these chemicals to the benthic community of freshwater ecosystems. AbstractPersonal care products (PCPs) are produced and used in huge amounts. These formulations are permanently introduced into the aquatic environment during regular use, mainly through municipal sewage treatment plants. Although there is increasing concern about PCP residues in the aquatic environment, little is known about the extent and level of contamination. The occurrence and concentrations of the seven most frequently used ultraviolet (UV) filters in river and lake sediments have been investigated over a 6-month period by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 3-benzyliden camphor (3-BC), butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane (B-MDM), ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (ED-PABA), ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), 3′-(4′-methylbenzyliden)camphor (4-MBC) and octocrylene (OCR). B-MDM, EHMC and OCR were identified as major contaminants. They were present in every sediment sample with maximum concentrations of 62.2, 6.8 and 642 µg kg–1. 3-BC and ED-PABA could not be detected in any sediment sample. The temporal distribution profile and concentrations of UV filters differed between lakes and rivers. Whereas concentrations of all UV filters in river sediments were low and constant over time, lake sediments exhibited high UV-filter levels during summer and concentrations dropped in autumn. These findings support risk assessment activities and contribute to a better understanding of the magnitude of contamination with organic UV-filter substances in aquatic ecosystems.

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Microencapsulated sunblock nanoparticles based on zeolitic imidazole frameworks for safe and effective UV protection

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c8ra00632f ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (22) ◽

pp. 12315-12321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lixian Xu ◽

Di Wu ◽

Bingrong Zhou ◽

Yang Xu ◽

Wenjuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uv Protection ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Uv Filter ◽

Transdermal Absorption ◽

Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks

Microencapsulation of UV filters into ZIFs could improve UV photoprotection and minimize the deleterious effects of UV filter transdermal absorption.

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Chromatographic methods for the determination of a broad spectrum of UV filters in swimming pool water

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-16970-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samia Mokh ◽

Rania Nassar ◽

Atika Berry ◽

Mohammad El Khatib ◽

Samah Doumiati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Swimming Pool ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Chromatographic Methods ◽

Pool Water ◽

Swimming Pool Water

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Biodegradation of two organic UV-Filters by single bacteria strains

10.21203/rs.3.rs-302964/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Florentina Laura Chiriac ◽

Catalina Stoica ◽

Iuiana Paun ◽

Florinela Pirvu ◽

Toma Galaon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Emerging Contaminants ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Biodegradation Process ◽

Salmonella Thyphimurium ◽

Organic Uv Filters

Abstract Organic UV-filters, including 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), are persistent emerging contaminants whose presence in the environment poses a threat to aquatic organisms due to their endocrine disruptor’s properties. For this reason, finding suitable technological processes for their safety and efficient removal from the environment represent a priority for the scientific community. To the author’s knowledge, until now, there are no studies reporting the biodegradation of 4-HBP and BP-1 by a single bacteria strain. In this paper, there were tested the 4-HBP and BP-1 biodegradation potential of two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and two Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia rubidae). The 4-HPB biodegradation process was observed only in the presence of Gram-negative bacterial strains. Thus, the biodegradation rates of 4-HBP reached up to 12.7% after 24h of incubation in presence of Salmonella thyphimurium and up to 24.0% after 24h of incubation with Serratia rubidae. Staphylococcus aureus was able to biodegrade 26.7% of BP-1, while Salmonella thiphymurium was able to biodegrade 14.7% of BP-1 after 24h of incubation. Their biodegradation products generated during the 4-HBP biodegradation process by Serratia rubidae were analyzed through LC-MS/MS analysis. The (bio)degradation products were benzophenone and a multi-hydroxylated derivative of 4-HBP and the degradation pathways were proposed. The data obtained in this study gave important information regarding the 4-HBP and BP-1 potential biodegradation by single bacterial strains.

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Size and Optically Tunable Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles as Carriers for Organic UV Filters

ChemNanoMat ◽

10.1002/cnma.201700332 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Douglas R. Hayden ◽

Heleen V. M. Kibbelaar ◽

Arnout Imhof ◽

Krassimir P. Velikov

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Cellulose ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Cellulose Nanoparticles ◽

Organic Uv Filters

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Sinapic Acid Esters: Octinoxate Substitutes Combining Suitable UV Protection and Antioxidant Activity

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9090782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 782 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cédric Peyrot ◽

Matthieu M. Mention ◽

Fanny Brunissen ◽

Florent Allais

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Uv Protection ◽

Uv Filters ◽

Free Phenol ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Ester Moiety ◽

Sar Study ◽

Acid Esters

In 2021, Hawaii will permanently ban the use and sale of octinoxate-based sunscreens as studies have shown serious impacts of such UV filters on the coral reef. This ban, which could be generalized to other countries, highlights the extreme need to offer alternative UV filters that are not only effective in terms of sun protection, but also healthy with regards to human health and the environment. In this context, a wide library of p-hydroxycinnamic esters deriving from naturally occurring sinapic acid has been synthesized using a Knoevenagel–Doebner condensation. The UV filtering activities as well as the antioxidant properties of these sinapic acid esters were then investigated. The results showed promising UVB protection and antioxidant efficacy. A Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) study on the sinapic acid esters highlighted the need of a free phenol to, as expected, observe antioxidant activity, but also to obtain a higher intensity of protection. Moreover, the nature of the ester moiety also proved to be a key structural feature for the UV absorbance, as higher steric hindrance on the ester moiety leads to more active compounds. The judicious structural design of sinapic esters thus provides promising compounds combining UV protection and antioxidant activity.

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