Fluorocarbon surfactant/water mesomorphic phases. Part 1.—A study of the ammonium perfluoro-octanoate + water system by optical microscopy and low angle X-ray diffraction

Polymethylene bis(p-hydroxybenzoates) were prepared from methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and different diols by melted transesterification reaction. Three liquid crystalline polyesters were synthesized from terephthaloyl dichloride and polymethylene bis(p-hydroxybenzoates). Its structure, morphology and properties were characterized by Ubbelohde viscometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) with a hot stage, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Results indicated that the intrinsic viscosities were between 0.088 and 0.210 dL/g. Optical microscopy showed that the TLCP has a highly threaded liquid crystalline texture and a high birefringent schlieren texture character of nematic phase and has wider mesophase temperature ranges for all polyesters. DSC analysis were found that the melting point (Tm), isotropic temperature (Ti) of TLCPs decreased and the temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase became wider with increased number of methylene spacers in the polyester. The WAXD results showed that TLCPs owned two strong diffraction peaks at 2θ near 19° and 23°.

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Mössbauer study of Fe phases in terrestrial olivine basalts from southern Egypt

Mineralogia ◽

10.2478/mipo-2013-0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1-2) ◽

pp. 3-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamaleldin M. Hassan ◽

Julius Dekan

Keyword(s):

Optical Microscopy ◽

Crystal Chemistry ◽

Mössbauer Spectra ◽

Mossbauer Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mössbauer Study ◽

Hyperfine Parameters ◽

X Ray ◽

Mossbauer Spectra ◽

Oxidized Iron

AbstractOlivine basalts from southern Egypt were studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at 297 and 77 K, and by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra show three-magnetic sextets, three doublets of ferrous (Fe2+), and a weak ferric (Fe3+) doublet that is attributable to a nanophase oxide (npOx). The magnetic sextets relate to titanomagnetite and the Fe2+ doublets to olivine, pyroxene, and ulvöspinel. Variations in the hyperfine parameters of the various Fe components are attributed to changes in the local crystal chemistry. The intensity of oxidation (Fe3+/ΣFe) in the rocks varies from 20-27% with the oxidized iron largely residing in the titanomagnetite.

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The Effect of Anhydrite on the Hydration of CFBC Ash-Clinker-Water System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.754 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 287-290 ◽

pp. 754-757

Author(s):

Hui Zhong Xu ◽

Yuan Ming Song ◽

Bo Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Significant Role ◽

Water System ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

The effect of anhydrite on the hydration of CFBC ash-clinker-water system was investigated by ettringite content, chemically combined water content and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the effect of anhydrite on ettringite content at earlier age is significantly greater than that at later age. This work confirms that anhydrite plays a significant role in promoting the hydration of CFBC ash-clinker-water system.

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Titania powder activation and rutile ceramics structure formation

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos0901027z ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I.R. Ziganshin ◽

S.E. Porozova ◽

A.E. Stolina ◽

M.F. Torsunov

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Porous Materials ◽

Optical Microscopy ◽

Aqueous Medium ◽

Structure Formation ◽

Mechanochemical Activation ◽

Organic Additives ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Titania Powder

Impact of mechanochemical activation (MCA) in aqueous medium with various organic additives on commercial titania powder and products made of it has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Agar-agar additive has been shown to offer promise for activation of titania powders used in obtaining both dense and porous materials.

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The Amounts of Water Adsorbed to the Surface of Clay Minerals at the Plastic Limit

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics ◽

10.1515/heem-2017-0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (3-4) ◽

pp. 155-162

Author(s):

Aleksandra Gorączko ◽

Andrzej Olchawa

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

External Surface ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Water System ◽

Basal Spacing ◽

Plastic Limit ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

External Surface Area ◽

X Ray ◽

Water Layers

AbstractThe paper presents results of a study on the amount of water associated with the solid phase of the clay water system at the plastic limit. Two model monomineral clays, namely kaolinite, and montmorillonite, were used in the study. The latter was obtained by gravitational sedimentation of Na-bentonite (Wyoming).The calculated mean number of water molecule layers on the external surface of montmorillonite was 14.4, and water in interlayer spaces constituted 0.3 of the water mass at the plastic limit.The number of water layers on the external surface of kaolinite particles was 63, which was related to the higher density of the surface electrical charge of kaolinite compared to that of montmorillonite.The calculations were made on the basis of the external surface area of clays and the basal spacing at the plastic limit measured by an X-ray diffraction test. The external surface area of clays was estimated by measuring sorption at a relative humidity p/p0 = 0.5.

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Structural study of cokes using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction

Fuel ◽

10.1016/0016-2361(83)90081-9 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 274-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Asao Ōya ◽

Zhanfen Qian ◽

Harry Marsh

Keyword(s):

Optical Microscopy ◽

Structural Study ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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Microstructural Evaluation of Clayey Ceramic Incorporated with Sludge from Paper Manufacturing

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.881.422 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 881 ◽

pp. 422-426

Author(s):

Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira ◽

Regina Maria Pinheiro ◽

Sergio Neves Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Optical Microscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Paper Making ◽

Paper Manufacturing ◽

Microstructural Evaluation ◽

Calcium Compounds ◽

Scanning Electron

This work has for objective to evaluate the microstructure of clayey ceramic incorporated with a waste in the form of sludge generated during treatment of effluent of a paper making industry. The microstructure of ceramics incorporated with 0 and 10 wt.% of waste, and then fired at 600°C, was evaluated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the waste changes the microstructure of the clayey ceramic increasing the porosity, as well as forming new crystalline phases, mainly with calcium compounds.

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β-Cyclodextrin Modified Poly(Acrylonitrule-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel for Thorium(IV) Adsorption

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym9060201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Guojian Duan ◽

Qiangqiang Zhong ◽

Lei Bi ◽

Liu Yang ◽

Tonghuan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Contact Time ◽

Ph Value ◽

Water System ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Practical Application ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

X Ray ◽

Solid Liquid

In this report, the β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was used to remove the thorium(IV) [Th(IV)] from the water system, and the new adsorbent was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of contact time, pH value, ionic strength, solid-liquid ratio, initial Th(IV) concentration, and temperature on Th(IV) adsorption onto the functional hydrogel were researched. The results showed that the experimental data followed the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Th(IV) was 692 mg/g at pH 2.95, which approached the calculated (qe) 682 mg/g. The desorption capacity of Th(IV) in different HNO3 concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 M was also studied, and the percentage of the maximum desorption was 86.85% in the condition of 0.09 M HNO3. The selectivity of β-CD(AN-co-AA) hydrogel was also be studied, the results indicated that this material retained the good adsorption capacity to Th(IV) even when the Ca2+, Mg2+, or Pb2+ existed in the system. The findings indicate that β-CD(AN-co-AA) can be used as a new candidate for the enrichment and separation of Th(IV), or its analogue actinides, from large-volume solution in practical application.

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Microstructure and Compound Developed from the Ce-As-Fe at 1173K

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.467 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 887-888 ◽

pp. 467-470

Author(s):

Si Si Zhu ◽

Jin Zhu Zhang ◽

Wei Yu Yang

Keyword(s):

Optical Microscopy ◽

Ternary Compound ◽

Atomic Ratio ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gray Phase ◽

Interaction Product ◽

X Ray ◽

Probe Microscopy ◽

Electronic Probe ◽

Microscopy Analysis

In this study, a certain amount of Cerium and Arsenic were closed in the barrel-shaped cylinder machined by H08 steel, heated to 1173 K for 50 h, and the interaction among the cerium, arsenic and iron in the barrel-shaped cylinder was studied by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and electronic probe microscopy analysis. The result shows that the gray phase is the ternary compound Ce12Fe57.5As41, and the ternary compound Ce12Fe57.5As41 is the main interaction product when the atomic ratio of Ce to As is 1:3. The eutectic compound Fe2As can be precipitated from ferrite with the temperature decreasing.

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