The occurrence of unusual fatty acids in faecal lipids from human beings with normal and abnormal fat absorption

The extent of gastric lipolysis, fat absorption, and infant weight gain was studied in 12 preterm infants (gestational age 28.75 ± 0.50 weeks, postnatal age 6.08 ± 0.81 weeks) fed medium-chain triglyceride or long-chain triglyceride formula for 1 week in a crossover design. The former formula contained 42% of 8:0 and 10:0 and 19% of 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0; the latter formula contained only 7% of 8:0 and 10:0 and 46% of 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0. Gastric aspirates were obtained on the second and third day of formula feeding for quantitation of lipase activity and of the extent of gastric lipolysis. Fat balance studies were conducted during the last three days of each feeding regimen. The study showed that (1) there was marked hydrolysis of formula fat in the stomach during feeding of either medium-chain triglyceride formula or long-chain triglyceride formula (20% and 16%, respectively); (2) lipase activity in the gastric aspirates was less during feeding of medium-chain triglyceride formula than before the meal, which suggested stimulation of lipase secretion by long-chain fatty acid released from long-chain triglyceride formula fat or more rapid binding of lipase to ingested lipid in the medium-chain triglyceride formula; (3) fatty acid distribution in glycerides and free fatty acids showed preferential release of medium-chain (8:0, 10:0) and long-chain unsaturated (18:1, 18:2) fatty acids in the stomach. The low content of 8:0 and 10:0 in gastric triglyceride and free fatty acids suggested that medium-chain fatty acids were absorbed directly in the stomach. (4) fat balance studies showed almost identical absorption rates (84.6% ± 3.1% and 82.8% ± 4.0%) and weight gain (23.0 ± 1.5 g/d and 20.8 ± 1.8 g/d) during feeding of either medium-chain triglyceride or long-chain triglyceride formula. In this study, in which each infant was fed either formula alternately, it was shown that although the extent of fat digestion varied among infants, medium-chain and long-chain triglyceride were absorbed to the same extent by most infants.

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Production and Accumulation of Unusual Fatty Acids in Plant Tissues

Biocatalysis and Biomolecular Engineering ◽

10.1002/9780470608524.ch3 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 43-56

Author(s):

D. Hildebrand ◽

J. R. Thoguru ◽

S. Rao ◽

R. Li ◽

T. Hatanaka

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Unusual Fatty Acids

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Study on intestinal fat absorption; the possibility of the portal absorption of long chain fatty acids

Gastroenterologia Japonica ◽

10.1007/bf02775139 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 30-31

Author(s):

N. Yoshinaga ◽

I. Miyazaki ◽

Y. Fuzie ◽

S. Minoda

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fat Absorption ◽

Intestinal Fat Absorption ◽

Long Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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139 Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Nutrient-gene interactions in humans and animals

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

Artemis P Simopoulos

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Genetic Variant ◽

Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Human Beings ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6

Abstract Human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids to which their genes were programmed to respond. Studies on gene-nutrient interactions using methods from molecular biology and genetics have clearly shown that there are genetic differences in the population, as well as differences in the frequency of genetic variations that interact with diet and influence the growth and development of humans and animals, as well as overall health and chronic disease. Nutrigenetics refers to studies on the role of genetic variants and their response to diet. For example, persons with genetic variants in the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids have different levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) based on the type of genetic variant in the Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (FADS1) and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FADS2). At the same level of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) a person with a genetic variant that increases the activity of the FADS1 will have a higher AA in the red cell membrane phospholipids and a higher risk for obesity and cardiovascular disease. Nutrigenomics refers to how nutrients (diets) influence the expression of genes. For example, diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA decrease the expression of inflammatory genes and as a result decrease the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Thus, through studies on Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics nutritional science stands at its “golden threshold” where personalized nutrition is the future, to improve an individual’s health.

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ASPECTOS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS E FISIOLÓGICOS DO AMIDO RESISTENTE

Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos ◽

10.5380/cep.v23i1.1281 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

SILVANA MAGALHÃES SALGADO ◽

ZELYTA PINHEIRO DE FARO ◽

NONETE BARBOSA GUERRA ◽

ALDA VERÔNICA SOUZA LIVERA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Human Beings ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Physical Chemical

A presente revisão teve por objetivo estudar os fatores que influem na formação do amido resistente (AR) e sua proporção nos alimentos, visando auxiliar os profissionais da área de saúde no estabelecimento de recomendações dietéticas. O termo amido resistente é definido como a soma do amido e produtos da sua degradação que não são digeridos pelas enzimas humanas de indivíduos saudáveis. O amido resistente foi abordado quanto a sua classificação e formação, bem como seus efeitos fisiológicos sobre o metabolismo intestinal, glicídico e lipídico. Verificou-se que não obstante comprovação das propriedades prebióticas do AR, os mecanismos sistêmicos dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curtos produzidos durante a fermentação e os efeitos sobre as respostas glicêmicas e lipídicas ainda são conflitantes. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RESISTANT STARCH Abstract The present revision had as objective: to study the factors, which have influence on resistant starch (RS) formation, and their content on foodstuffs, aiming to subsidies health professionals on dietary recommendations. The expression resistant starch refers to the sum of starch and its degradation products not digested by gastrointestinal tract enzymes from healthy human beings. Resistant Starch was approached according to its classification and formation and also according to its physiological effects on intestinal sugar and lipids metabolisms. It was observed RS prebiotics properties confirmation, although the systemic mechanisms of low chain fatty acids produced during fermentation and the effects on glycemic and lipidic responses are still conflicting.

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Production of unusual fatty acids in rapeseed

Oléagineux Corps gras Lipides ◽

10.1051/ocl.2002.0024 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 24-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thomas Roscoe ◽

Sylvie Maisonneuve ◽

Michel Delseny

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unusual Fatty Acids

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Metabolite Markers for Characterizing Sasang Constitution Type through GC-MS and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/8783496 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eun-Ju Kim ◽

Young-Shick Hong ◽

Seung-Ho Seo ◽

Seong-Eun Park ◽

Chang-Su Na ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Serum Lactate ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Human Beings ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Sasang Constitution ◽

Metabolomics Study ◽

Constitution Type ◽

Lactate Levels

Sasang constitutional medicine classifies human beings into four types based on their physical and psychological characteristics. Despite its potential value in achieving personalized medicine, the diagnosis of sasang constitution (SC) type is complex and subjective. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolic analyses were conducted to find maker metabolites in serum and urine according to different SC types. Although some samples were overlapped on orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis score plots, serum samples showed separation between different SC types. Levels of lactate, glutamate, triglyceride, and fatty acids in serum and glycolic acid in urine of Tae-Eum type were higher than those of So-Eum and So-Yang type. Fatty acids, triglyceride, and lactate levels were found to be metabolites related to body mass index, indicating that marker metabolites for the diagnosis of SC type could be associated with obese. However, Tae-Eum type showed higher lactate levels in serum than So-Yang type for both normal weight and overweight groups, suggesting that the contents of serum lactate might be dependent on the SC type regardless of body weight. These results suggest that metabolomics analysis could be used to determine SC type.

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