The emerging role of PtdIns5P: another signalling phosphoinositide takes its place

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Grainger ◽  
Christodoulos Tavelis ◽  
Alexander J. Ryan ◽  
Katherine A. Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Physiological Functions

Of the seven phosphoinositides, PtdIns5P remains the most enigmatic. However, recent research has begun to elucidate its physiological functions. It is now clear that PtdIns5P is found in several distinct subcellular locations, and the identification of a number of PtdIns5P-binding proteins points to its involvement in a variety of key processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking and regulation of gene expression. Although the mechanisms that control its turnover are not yet fully understood, the existence of multiple pathways for PtdIns5P regulation is consistent with this emerging versatility.

Review of Progress in Predicting Protein Methylation Sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 1663-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Ao ◽  
Shunshan Jin ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Quan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Methylation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Arginine Residues

Protein methylation is an important and reversible post-translational modification that regulates many biological processes in cells. It occurs mainly on lysine and arginine residues and involves many important biological processes, including transcriptional activity, signal transduction, and the regulation of gene expression. Protein methylation and its regulatory enzymes are related to a variety of human diseases, so improved identification of methylation sites is useful for designing drugs for a variety of related diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize and analyze the tools used for the prediction of protein methylation sites on arginine and lysine residues over the last decade.

Speciation and changes in male gene expression in Drosophila

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bahar Patlar ◽  
Alberto Civetta
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Model ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Male Gene

It has long been acknowledged that changes in the regulation of gene expression may account for major organismal differences. However, we still do not fully understand how changes in gene expression evolve and how do such changes influence organisms’ differences. We are even less aware of the impact such changes might have in restricting gene flow between species. Here, we focus on studies of gene expression and speciation in the Drosophila model. We review studies that have identified gene interactions in post-mating reproductive isolation and speciation, particularly those that modulate male gene expression. We also address studies that have experimentally manipulated changes in gene expression to test their effect in post-mating reproductive isolation. We highlight the need for a more in-depth analysis of the role of selection causing disrupted gene expression of such candidate genes in sterile/inviable hybrids. Moreover, we discuss the relevance to incorporate more routinely assays that simultaneously evaluate the potential effects of environmental factors and genetic background in modulating plastic responses in male genes and their potential role in speciation.

scholarly journals The nucleoplasmic interactions among Lamin A/C-pRB-LAP2α-E2F1 are modulated by dexamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Ricci ◽  
Sara Orazi ◽  
Federica Biancucci ◽  
Mauro Magnani ◽  
Michele Menotta
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
C Dynamics ◽  
E2f Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disease. To date, there is no available cure for the illness, but the use of glucocorticoids has been shown to alleviate the neurological symptoms associated with AT. While studying the effects of dexamethasone (dex) in AT fibroblasts, by chance we observed that the nucleoplasmic Lamin A/C was affected by the drug. In addition to the structural roles of A-type lamins, Lamin A/C has been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene expression and cell cycle progression, and alterations in the LMNA gene is cause of human diseases called laminopathies. Dex was found to improve the nucleoplasmic accumulation of soluble Lamin A/C and was capable of managing the large chromatin Lamin A/C scaffolds contained complex, thus regulating epigenetics in treated cells. In addition, dex modified the interactions of Lamin A/C with its direct partners lamin associated polypeptide (LAP) 2a, Retinoblastoma 1 (pRB) and E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1), regulating local gene expression dependent on E2F1. These effects were differentially observed in both AT and wild type (WT) cells. To our knowledge, this is the first reported evidence of the role of dex in Lamin A/C dynamics in AT cells, and may represent a new area of research regarding the effects of glucocorticoids on AT. Moreover, future investigations could also be extended to healthy subjects or to other pathologies such as laminopathies since glucocorticoids may have other important effects in these contexts as well.

scholarly journals The Role of Translation Initiation Regulation in Haematopoiesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Grech ◽  
Marieke von Lindern
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Translation Control ◽  
Haematological Disorders

Organisation of RNAs into functional subgroups that are translated in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors underlines a relatively unexplored gene expression modulation that drives cell fate in the same manner as regulation of the transcriptome by transcription factors. Recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses and haematological disorders indicate clearly that the regulation of mRNA translation at the level of translation initiation, mRNA stability, and protein isoform synthesis is implicated in the tight regulation of gene expression. This paper outlines how these posttranscriptional control mechanisms, including control at the level of translation initiation factors and the role of RNA binding proteins, affect hematopoiesis. The clinical relevance of these mechanisms in haematological disorders indicates clearly the potential therapeutic implications and the need of molecular tools that allow measurement at the level of translational control. Although the importance of miRNAs in translation control is well recognised and studied extensively, this paper will exclude detailed account of this level of control.

Identification of a C/EBP-Rel complex in avian lymphoid cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 6635-6646
Author(s):  
J A Diehl ◽  
M Hannink
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Dna Complex ◽  
Dna Affinity Chromatography

Protein-protein interactions between the CCAAT box enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) and the Rel family of transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of cytokine gene expression. We have used sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography to purify a complex from avian T cells that binds to a consensus C/EBP motif. Our results provide evidence that Rel-related proteins are components of the C/EBP-DNA complex as a result of protein-protein interactions with the C/EBP proteins. A polyclonal antiserum raised against the Rel homology domain of v-Rel and antisera raised against two human RelA-derived peptides specifically induced a supershift of the C/EBP-DNA complex in mobility shift assays using the affinity-purified C/EBP. In addition, several kappa B-binding proteins copurified with the avian C/EBP complex through two rounds of sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. The kappa B-binding proteins are distinct from the C/EBP proteins that directly contact DNA containing the C/EBP binding site. The identification of a protein complex that binds specifically to a consensus C/EBP site and contains both C/EBP and Rel family members suggests a novel mechanism for regulation of gene expression by Rel family proteins.

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