Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference reveals that a testis-specific gene,LM23,is essential for spermatogenesis inRattus norvegicus

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S11-S11
Author(s):  
Mei‑ling Liu ◽  
Meng‑chun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Specific Gene

Advances in Specific Gene Knockdown of Therapeutic Targets by RNA Interference

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 2631-2631
Author(s):  
Fabiola Garcia Praça ◽  
Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Gene Knockdown ◽  
Specific Gene

scholarly journals Antiviral Effects of Small Interfering RNA Simultaneously Inducing RNA Interference and Type 1 Interferon in Coxsackievirus Myocarditis

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3516-3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghyun Ahn ◽  
Ara Ko ◽  
Eun Jung Jun ◽  
Minah Won ◽  
Yoo Kyum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Direct Demonstration ◽  
Interfering Rna

ABSTRACTAntiviral therapeutics are currently unavailable for treatment of coxsackievirus B3, which can cause life-threatening myocarditis. A modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) containing 5′-triphosphate, 3p-siRNA, was shown to induce RNA interference and interferon activation. We aimed to develop a potent antiviral treatment using CVB3-specific 3p-siRNA and to understand its underlying mechanisms. Virus-specific 3p-siRNA was superior to both conventional virus-specific siRNA with an empty hydroxyl group at the 5′ end (OH-siRNA) and nonspecific 3p-siRNA in decreasing viral replication and subsequent cytotoxicity. A single administration of 3p-siRNA dramatically attenuated virus-associated pathological symptoms in mice with no signs of toxicity, and their body weights eventually reached the normal range. Myocardial inflammation and fibrosis were rare, and virus production was greatly reduced. A nonspecific 3p-siRNA showed relatively less protective effect under identical conditions, and a virus-specific OH-siRNA showed no protective effects. We confirmed that virus-specific 3p-siRNA simultaneously activated target-specific gene silencing and type I interferon signaling. We provide a clear proof of concept that coxsackievirus B3-specific 3p-siRNA has 2 distinct modes of action, which significantly enhance antiviral activities with minimal organ damage. This is the first direct demonstration of improved antiviral effects with an immunostimulatory virus-specific siRNA in coxsackievirus myocarditis, and this method could be applied to many virus-related diseases.

Comparative genomic analysis of non-coding sequences and the application of RNA interference tools for bovine functional genomics

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Lew ◽  
L. A. Jackson ◽  
M. I. Bellgard
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Mrna Targets ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Immune Pathways

Non-coding (nc) RNAs are important regulators of developmental genes, and essential for the modification of cellular DNA and chromatin through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The mediators of RNAi can be in the form of short double stranded (ds) RNAs, micro (mi) RNAs or small interfering (si) RNAs. miRNAs are involved in a translation repression pathway that inhibits protein translation in mRNA targets. Comparative genomic screens have revealed conserved regulatory non-coding sequences, which assist to predict the function of endogenous miRNAs. Only a few comparative studies include bovine genomic sequence, and RNAi has yet to be applied in bovine genome functional screens. siRNAs target homologous mRNAs for degradation, and thereby, silence specific genes. The use of synthetic siRNAs facilitates the elucidation of gene pathways by specific gene knockdown. A survey of the literature identifies a small number of reports using RNAi to examine immune pathways in bovine cell lines; however, they do not target genes involved in specific production traits. Applications of RNAi to elucidate bovine immune pathways for relevant bacterial and parasite diseases are yet to be reported. The inhibition of viral replication using RNAi has been demonstrated with bovine RNA viruses such as pestivirus and foot and mouth disease virus signifying the potential of RNAi as an antiviral therapeutic. RNAi approaches combined with genome data for protozoan parasites, insects and nematodes, will expedite the identification of novel targets for the treatment and prevention of economically important parasitic infections. This review will examine the approaches used in mammalian RNAi research, the current status of its applications to livestock systems and will discuss potential applications in beef cattle programs.

scholarly journals RNA interference as a gene silencing tool to controlTuta absolutain tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Camargo ◽  
Guilherme O. Barbosa ◽  
Isabella Presotto Possignolo ◽  
Lazaro E. P. Peres ◽  
Eric Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
In Planta

RNA interference (RNAi), a gene-silencing mechanism that involves providing double-stranded RNA molecules that match a specific target gene sequence, is now widely used in functional genetic studies. The potential application of RNAi-mediated control of agricultural insect pests has rapidly become evident. The production of transgenic plants expressing dsRNA molecules that target essential insect genes could provide a means of specific gene silencing in larvae that feed on these plants, resulting in larval phenotypes that range from loss of appetite to death. In this report, we show that the tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta), a major threat to commercial tomato production, can be targeted by RNAi. We selected two target genes (Vacuolar ATPase-AandArginine kinase) based on the RNAi response reported for these genes in other pest species. In view of the lack of an artificial diet forT. absoluta, we used two approaches to deliver dsRNA into tomato leaflets. The first approach was based on the uptake of dsRNA by leaflets and the second was based on “in planta-induced transient gene silencing” (PITGS), a well-established method for silencing plant genes, used here for the first time to deliverin planta-transcribed dsRNA to target insect genes.Tuta absolutalarvae that fed on leaves containing dsRNA of the target genes showed an ∼60% reduction in target gene transcript accumulation, an increase in larval mortality and less leaf damage. We then generated transgenic ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato plants that expressed hairpin sequences for both genes and observed a reduction in foliar damage byT. absolutain these plants. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of RNAi as an alternative method for controlling this critical tomato pest.

scholarly journals RNA interference as a gene silencing tool to control Tuta absoluta in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A Camargo ◽  
Guilherme O Barbosa ◽  
Isabella Presotto Possignolo ◽  
Lazaro E. P. Peres ◽  
Eric Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
In Planta

RNA interference (RNAi), a gene-silencing mechanism that involves providing double-stranded RNA molecules that match a specific target gene sequence, is now widely used in functional genetic studies. The potential application of RNAi-mediated control of agricultural insect pests has rapidly become evident. The production of transgenic plants expressing dsRNA molecules that target essential insect genes could provide a means of specific gene silencing in larvae that feed on these plants, resulting in larval phenotypes that range from loss of appetite to death. In this report, we show that the tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta), a major threat to commercial tomato production, can be targeted by RNAi. We selected two target genes [Vacuolar ATPase-A and Arginine kinase] based on the RNAi response reported for these genes in other pest species. In view of the lack of an artificial diet for T. absoluta, we used two approaches to deliver dsRNA into tomato leaflets. The first approach was based on the uptake of dsRNA by leaflets and the second was based on “in planta-induced transient gene silencing” (PITGS), a well-established method for silencing plant genes, used here for the first time to deliver in planta-transcribed dsRNA to target insect genes. Tuta absoluta larvae that fed on leaves containing dsRNA of the target genes showed an ~60% reduction in target gene transcript accumulation, an increase in larval mortality and less leaf damage. We then generated transgenic ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato plants that expressed hairpin sequences for both genes and observed a reduction in foliar damage by T. absoluta in these plants. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of RNAi as an alternative method for controlling this critical tomato pest.

scholarly journals Branched RNA: A New Architecture for RNA Interference

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aviñó ◽  
Sandra M. Ocampo ◽  
José Carlos Perales ◽  
Ramon Eritja
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rna Modifications ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Branched Rna ◽  
Gene Inhibition ◽  
Novel Structures

Branched RNAs with two and four strands were synthesized. These structures were used to obtain branched siRNA. The branched siRNA duplexes had similar inhibitory capacity as those of unmodified siRNA duplexes, as deduced from gene silencing experiments of the TNF-α protein. Branched RNAs are considered novel structures for siRNA technology, and they provide an innovative tool for specific gene inhibition. As the method described here is compatible with most RNA modifications described to date, these compounds may be further functionalized to obtain more potent siRNA derivatives and can be attached to suitable delivery systems.

scholarly journals RNA Interference by Cyanobacterial Feeding Demonstrates the SCSG1 Gene Is Essential for Ciliogenesis during Oral Apparatus Regeneration in Stentor

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Chuanqi Jiang ◽  
Xiaocui Chai ◽  
Juyuan Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Cai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Stentor Coeruleus ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

In the giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus, oral apparatus (OA) regeneration is an experimentally tractable regeneration paradigm that occurs via a series of morphological steps. OA regeneration is thought to be driven by a complex regulatory system that orchestrates the temporal expression of conserved and specific genes. We previously identified a S. coeruleus-specific gene (named SCSG1) that was significantly upregulated during the ciliogenesis stages of OA regeneration, with an expression peak at the stage of the first OA cilia appearance. We established a novel RNA interference (RNAi) method through cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 feeding in S. coeruleus. The expression of SCSG1 gene was significantly knocked down by using this method and induced abnormal ciliogenesis of OA regeneration in S. coeruleus, suggesting that SCSG1 is essential for OA regeneration in S. coeruleus. This novel RNAi method by cyanobacterial feeding has potential utility for studying other ciliates.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escape Is Restricted When Conserved Genome Sequences Are Targeted by RNA Interference

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 2895-2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Jasmijn von Eije ◽  
Olivier ter Brake ◽  
Ben Berkhout
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) mediate sequence-specific gene silencing by cleaving the targeted mRNA. RNAi can be used as an antiviral approach to silence the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through stable expression of short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). We previously reported efficient HIV-1 inhibition by an shRNA against the nonessential nef gene but also described viral escape by mutation or deletion of the nef target sequence. The objective of this study was to obtain insight in the viral escape routes when essential and highly conserved sequences are targeted in the Gag, protease, integrase, and Tat-Rev regions of HIV-1. Target sequences were analyzed of more than 500 escape viruses that were selected in T cells expressing individual shRNAs. Viruses acquired single point mutations, occasionally secondary mutations, but—in contrast to what is observed with nef—no deletions were detected. Mutations occurred predominantly at target positions 6, 8, 9, 14, and 15, whereas none were selected at positions 1, 2, 5, 18, and 19. We also analyzed the type of mismatch in the siRNA-target RNA duplex, and G-U base pairs were frequently selected. These results provide insight into the sequence requirements for optimal RNAi inhibition. This knowledge on RNAi escape may guide the design and selection of shRNAs for the development of an effective RNAi therapy for HIV-1 infections.

Prolonged down regulation of specific gene expression in nucleus pulposus cell mediated by RNA interference in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Kakutani ◽  
Kotaro Nishida ◽  
Koki Uno ◽  
Toru Takada ◽  
Takatoshi Shimomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cell ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

scholarly journals RNA interference and its role in the regulation of eucaryotic gene expression.

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Szweykowska-Kulińska ◽  
Artur Jarmołowski ◽  
Marek Figlerowicz
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Almost All

Several years ago it was discovered that plant transformation with a transcribed sense transgene could shut down the expression of a homologous endogenous gene. Moreover, it was shown that the introduction into the cell of dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) containing nucleotide sequence complementary to an mRNA sequence causes selective degradation of the latter and thus silencing of a specific gene. This phenomenon, called RNA interference (RNAi) was demonstrated to be present in almost all eukaryotic organisms. RNAi is also capable of silencing transposons in germ line cells and fighting RNA virus infection. Enzymes involved in this process exhibit high homology across species. Some of these enzymes are involved in other cellular processes, for instance developmental timing, suggesting strong interconnections between RNAi and other metabolic pathways. RNAi is probably an ancient mechanism that evolved to protect eukaryotic cells against invasive forms of nucleic acids.

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