Evidence for adaptive diet-induced thermogenesis in man during intravenous nutrition with hypertonic glucose

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. G. J. King ◽  
M. J. McMahon ◽  
D. J. Almond
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Intravenous Nutrition ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Adaptive Diet

1. This study was designed to investigate the thermogenic effect of intravenously administered nutrition with glucose (given with a fixed nitrogen intake of 12.5 g daily as amino acids) as the principal source of energy. The protocol was designed so that each patient received their energy intake in five consecutive periods of 3 days with intakes ranging from 6650 to 17100 kJ/day with increments or decrements of 2600 kJ. 2. Thermogenesis from administered glucose was evident between levels of energy supply of 6650 kJ/day and 17100 kJ/day. The progressive rise in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production accounted for a total of 31% of the additional glucose which was administered. The net rate of fat synthesis from glucose reached a maximum 147 g/day at an energy supply of 14 500 kJ/day. 3. This study suggests that both fat synthesis and the associated obligatory thermogenesis is the main component of diet-induced thermogenesis in response to glucose intakes in excess of 150 kJ day−1 kg−1. If the energy cost of fat synthesis (fat associated obligatory thermogenesis) is taken to be 22% of the total energy of the increase in glucose supplied, then only 9% (31–22%) of the glucose can be accounted for by adaptive thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Optimal Energy and Nitrogen Intake for Gastroenterological Patients Requiring Intravenous Nutrition

1982 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross C. Smith ◽  
Lewis Burkinshaw ◽  
Graham L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Intravenous Nutrition

Targeting PLD2 in adipocytes augments adaptive thermogenesis by improving mitochondrial quality and quantity in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Sik Kim ◽  
Min Young Park ◽  
Nam Joo Yun ◽  
Hye Sun Go ◽  
Mi Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
And Migration

Phospholipase D (PLD)2 via its enzymatic activity regulates cell proliferation and migration and thus is implicated in cancer. However, the role of PLD2 in obesity and type 2 diabetes has not previously been investigated. Here, we show that during diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity, levels of PLD2 but not PLD1 in adipose tissue are inversely related with uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein. We demonstrate that the thermogenic program in adipose tissue is significantly augmented in mice with adipocyte-specific Pld2 deletion or treated with a PLD2-specific inhibitor and that these mice are resistant to high fat diet–induced obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we show that Pld2 deletion in adipose tissue or PLD2 pharmacoinhibition acts via p62 to improve mitochondrial quality and quantity in adipocytes. Thus, PLD2 inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach for obesity and type 2 diabetes by resolving defects in diet-induced thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Strategic Priorities for the Use of Biomass in the Energy Supply System of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Olha Myronivna Varchenko ◽  
Drahan Oksana Oleksandrivna ◽  
Yuliia Mykolaivna Halchynska ◽  
Kateryna Vitalyivna Tkachenko ◽  
Valentyna Anatolyivna Byba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Main Component

AbstractThe economic feasibility of the use of agricultural biomass in the energy supply system of Ukraine is investigated in the article. It has been determined that biomass of agricultural origin (cereal straw and rapeseed, by-products of corn for grain and sunflower, sunflower husk) remains the main component of biomass energy potential in Ukraine. It is established that the bioenergy potential of agricultural biomass is an efficient and affordable additional source of energy supply for Ukraine. According to the research, the potential of the bioenergy market was attributed to the great potential of biomass, the large stock of unused land that could be used for growing energy crops from the marketing side, it is also important to note the low competition in the industry. However, imperfect state policy on bioenergy development, outdated equipment, uncoordinated rules for selling electricity from biomass in the electricity market – all this suggests that the industry needs increased investment, borrowing experience from European countries for further development. It is proved that the political and economic situation in the country remains very difficult and unpredictable not only for the bioenergy industry, but for the country as a whole.

Diet-induced thermogenesis in cafeteria-fed rats: a myth?

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. E264-E270 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Maxwell ◽  
S. Nobbs ◽  
D. J. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Dietary Variation ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient were measured in rats given a high-fat cafeteria diet of the type that is said to promote diet-induced thermogenesis. No significant difference in the measurements as compared with controls was found at room temperature, at 5 degrees C, or in animals exposed to cold for several weeks. The result was the same whether open- or closed-circuit methods were used. The stimulatory effect of norepinephrine on the VO2 was identical in each dietary group. These results cast doubt on the alleged identity of diet-induced and nonshivering thermogenesis and may reflect the change in body composition of the animals rather than a primary response to dietary variation.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

A high-performance oil-free backing pump for electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G.K.W. Balkau ◽  
E. Bez ◽  
J.L. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rotary Pumps ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The earliest account of the contamination of electron microscope specimens by the deposition of carbonaceous material during electron irradiation was published in 1947 by Watson who was then working in Canada. It was soon established that this carbonaceous material is formed from organic vapours, and it is now recognized that the principal source is the oil-sealed rotary pumps which provide the backing vacuum. It has been shown that the organic vapours consist of low molecular weight fragments of oil molecules which have been degraded at hot spots produced by friction between the vanes and the surfaces on which they slide. As satisfactory oil-free pumps are unavailable, it is standard electron microscope practice to reduce the partial pressure of organic vapours in the microscope in the vicinity of the specimen by using liquid-nitrogen cooled anti-contamination devices. Traps of this type are sufficient to reduce the contamination rate to about 0.1 Å per min, which is tolerable for many investigations.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

PADDY RESIDUE AS FEEDSTOCK IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION: REDEMPTION OF LIFE CYCLE EMISSIONS AND COST ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Shafini M. Shafie ◽  
Zakirah Othman ◽  
N Hami
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Biomass Resources

Malaysia has an abundance of biomass resources that can be utilised for power generation. One of them is paddy residue. Paddy residue creates ahuge potential in the power generation sector. The consumption of paddy residue can help Malaysia become less dependent on conventional sources of energy, mitigate greenhouse gas(GHG) emission, offer positive feedback in the economic sector, and at the same time, provide thebest solution for waste management activities. The forecast datafor 20 years on electricity generation wasused to calculate the GHG emission and its saving when paddy residue is used for electricity generation. The government’scost saving was also identified when paddy residue substituted coal fuel in electricity generation.This paper can provide forecast information so that Malaysia is able to move forward to apply paddy residue as feedstock in energy supply. Hopefully, the data achieved can encourage stakeholder bodies in the implementation of paddy residue inelectricity generation since there is apositive impact towardscost and emission saving.

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