Role of plasma non-esterified fatty acids during and after exercise

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Walker ◽  
B. G. Cooper ◽  
C. Elliott ◽  
J. W. Reed ◽  
H. Orskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Analogue ◽  
Exercise Period

1. The importance of circulating non-esterified fatty acids as a substrate during and after low-grade exercise has been examined by using a nicotinic acid analogue to inhibit lipolysis. Seven healthy men received acipimox or placebo on separate occasions. After 90 min, bicycle exercise was performed for 45 min (40% of pre-determined maximum oxygen uptake), followed by a 60 min recovery period. 2. The plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids increased during exercise after placebo (320 ± 80 to 630 ± 110 μmol/l) and remained elevated in the post-exercise period. Basal concentrations were lower after acipimox (100 ± 10 μmol/l; P < 0.05); they declined to 60 ± 10 μmol/l during exercise and remained at this level for the rest of the study. 3. Lipid oxidation increased from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 4.2 ± 0.5 mg min−1 kg−1 during exercise after placebo (P< 0.001) and remained elevated in the post-exercise period (1.2 ± 0.1 mg min−1 kg−1). It was lower after acipimox, but still increased from 0.3 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.2 mg min−1 kg−1 with exercise. Carbohydrate oxidation was increased after acipimox compared with after placebo, but only reached significance during the post-exercise period (P < 0.05). 4. Although acipimox abolished the rise in the plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids during exercise, there was only a 50% decrease in the rate of lipid oxidation. This suggests that an alternative source of non-esterified fatty acids makes an important contribution to the supply of lipid for oxidation during exercise. The elevated plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids and lipid oxidation after exercise serve to limit the further oxidation of carbohydrate.

scholarly journals Metabolic adaptation and hormonal regulation in young rabbit does during long-term caloric restriction and subsequent compensatory growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Rommers ◽  
C. Boiti ◽  
G. Brecchia ◽  
R. Meijerhof ◽  
J. P. T. M. Noordhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

AbstractAn experiment was performed to assess the metabolic adaptation and hormonal regulation in young female rabbits during long-term food restriction and subsequent compensatory growth during rearing. Feeding level was either ad libitum (AL, no. = 52) or restricted (R, no. = 52). From 6 to 12 weeks of age, food intake ofR was kept at a constant level. This resulted in an increase in relative restriction as compared with AL to 0-54of AL intake at 12 weeks of age (restriction period). Thereafter food intake gradually increased to 0-95 of AL at 17 weeks of age (recovery period). During the last 5 days before insemination at 17-5 weeks of age, all animals were fed to appetite. Blood samples were taken weekly from 6 to 17 weeks of age from 11 animals in each group. Growth rate of R was reduced during the restricted period (29 (s.d. 2) v. 44 (s.d. 5) g/day for R and AL, respectively; P 0-05), but was higher in the recovery period (30 (s.d. 3) v. 27 (s.d. 4) g/day, respectively; P<0-05). At first insemination, AL rabbits were heavier than R (4202 (s.d. 388) v. 3798 (s.d. 220) g, respectively; P < 0-001). During the restricted period, plasma glucose was constantly lower (P < 0-05) in R. Insulin levels paralleled those of glucose, being lower (P < 0-05) in R than in AL. Restriction reduced (P < 0-05) circulating corticosterone and tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels in R. Leptin, non-esterified fatty acids, and plasma urea nitrogen levels were similar for AL and R during food restriction, whereas triglycerides were similar until 10 weeks of age, after which the levels were lower in R. During the recovery period, the food intake of the R but not AL rabbits increased. Insulin was the only hormone in R rabbits that had returned to levels found in AL rabbits by the 2nd week of the recovery period. Glucose, T3, and corticosterone levels returned to levels found in AL rabbits between 3 to 4 weeks after refeeding. Non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and leptin were higher (P < 0-05) in AL rabbits from 13 weeks of age onwards. The pattern of changes in the endocrine status during food restriction and compensatory growth in rabbits do conform with those from other species, although some specific changes may vary depending on the severity of food restriction and its duration.

The impairment in endothelial function induced by non-esterified fatty acids can be reversed by insulin

2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars LIND ◽  
Andreas FUGMANN ◽  
Stefan BRANTH ◽  
Bengt VESSBY ◽  
Jonas MILLGÅRD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

Dyslipidaemia, with elevations of circulating triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and non-esterified (free) fatty acids, and hyperinsulinaemia are often found in the same subjects, the so-called ‘insulin resistance syndrome’. The present study aims to investigate how elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids, hyperinsulinaemia and the combination of these factors affects endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV). Ten volunteers were examined on two occasions. Intralipid® (plus heparin) or saline (0.9% NaCl) was infused for 4 h. During the final 2 h, euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (80±4 m-units/l) was imposed. EDV and endothelium-independent vasodilatation were evaluated in the forearm by local intra-arterial infusion of methacholine or sodium nitroprusside at baseline and after 2 and 4 h. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Lipid oxidation was determined by measuring plasma malondialdehyde levels. Infusion of Intralipid® plus heparin increased the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids to 2.6±1.2 mmol/l and decreased EDV from 27.6±8.7 to 21.0±5.7 mlċmin-1ċ100 ml-1 tissue (P < 0.01). This effect was completely reversed by hyperinsulinaemia (P < 0.01). Hyperinsulinaemia alone increased EDV (to 30.4±9.5 mlċmin-1ċ100 ml-1 tissue; P < 0.01), while endothelium-independent vasodilatation was unaltered by the interventions. Infusion of Intralipid® plus heparin increased malondialdehyde levels from 0.67±0.22 to 1.2±0.37 μmol/l (P < 0.001), while hyperinsulinaemia did not change the malondialdehyde level. In conclusion, an acute increase in serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids increased lipid oxidation and decreased EDV. The effect on EDV of non-esterified fatty acids could be reversed by hyperinsulinaemia.

The Metabolic Responses to High Carbohydrate Meals with Different Glycemic Indices Consumed during Recovery from Prolonged Strenuous Exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Stevenson ◽  
Clyde Williams ◽  
Helen Biscoe
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Glycemic Indices ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

This study investigated the metabolic responses to high glycemic index (HGI) or low glycemic index (LGI) meals consumed during recovery from prolonged exercise. Eight male, trained athletes undertook 2 trials. Following an overnight fast, subjects completed a 90-min run at 70% VO2max. Meals were provided 30 min and 2 h following cessation of exercise. The plasma glucose responses to both meals were greater in the HGI trial compared to the LGI trial (P < 0.05). Following breakfast, there were no differences in the serum insulin concentrations between the trials; however, following lunch, concentrations were higher in the HGI trial compared to the LGI trial (P < 0.05). This suggests that the glycemic index of the carbohydrates consumed during the immediate post-exercise period might not be important as long as sufficient carbohydrate is consumed. The high insulin concentrations following a HGI meal later in the recovery period could facilitate further muscle glycogen resynthesis.

Effect of Propolis-Supplemented Diet on Body Composition and Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Maria Jesús Lisbona-González ◽  
Candela Reyes-Botella ◽  
Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽  
Maria Victoria Olmedo-Gaya, ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and has central role in interaction with other organs or tissues while propolis can induce lipolysis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide detailed information about adipose tissue homeostasis modifications and body composition during propolis supplement consumption. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks) were divided into two groups of 10 animals each and fed for 90 days with two different types of diets: standard for the control group (diet C) and standard diet + 2% propolis (diet P). Thyroid hormones did not show differences, while ghrelin and adiponectin decreased in the group that was fed propolis. Insulin, leptin, and non-esterified fatty acids also increased along with reduced body weight and fat, in addition to increased lean mass when propolis was in the diet. We conclude that propolis could decrease ghrelin and adiponectin but increase non-esterified fatty acids and insulin secretion, which improves body composition.

scholarly journals 51 Intranasal oxytocin improves plasma non-esterified fatty acids but not distance walked or cortisol concentrations at weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Global Positioning

Abstract Beef calves express behaviors such as walking and vocalizing to a greater extend during weaning. These behaviors increase production costs due to compromised calf growth, health, and welfare. Oxytocin treatment reduces anxious behaviors and attenuates the HPA axis, thus the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of oxytocin on calf growth, cortisol, and distance walked at weaning. A total of 20 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were randomly allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), intranasal oxytocin or saline (OXT, CON). All calves were administered the respective intranasal treatment at weaning (day 0), and then placed in the same pasture. Calves were weighed and blood sampled on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. Blood samples were used to quantify non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, and cortisol. Each heifer was fitted with a global positioning system collar that recorded calf location every 10 seconds for 16 h on days 0, 7, and 14. To further evaluate calf behavior, observations were made on days 0, 7, and 14 using instantaneous scan sampling from 0730 to 0830, 1200 to 1300, and 1700 to 1800 h. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with repeated measures model (SAS 9.4). Providing calves with intranasal oxytocin on the day of weaning did not have an effect on the distance walked, observed behavior, body weight, β-hydroxybutyrate, or cortisol concentrations, however, there was a day effect (P &lt; 0.05) for these variables. Intranasal oxytocin treatment did affect NEFA concentrations, as calves in the CON group had greater NEFA concentrations on day 1 compared with calves in the OXT group (P &lt; 0.05). These data imply that intranasal oxytocin could have the capacity to decrease mobilization of NEFA, but this change was not enough to affect body weight 14 days after weaning.

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