Nitric Oxide in Different Types of Hypertension during Pregnancy

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny V. Garmendia ◽  
Ylse Gutiérrez ◽  
Isaac Blanca ◽  
N. E. Bianco ◽  
J. B. De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Positive Correlations

1. Serum nitric oxide (NO) levels (determined by its products of oxidation) were assessed in nonpregnant women, normal pregnant women and patients suffering from mild pre-eclampsia (MPE), severe pre-eclampsia (SPE), chronic hypertension (CHT) and CHT with pre-eclampsia (CHT+PE). The levels of NO products were significantly reduced during pregnancy in MPE (P < 0.001), CHT+PE (P < 0.01) and SPE (P < 0.05). Significant reductions of NO products were also observed in puerperium (P < 0.001) in all groups except CHT+PE (P < 0.05). 2. In normal pregnancy, three events were related to NO levels: (1) negative correlations were found between the levels of nitrite (r = −0.73, P = 0.0003), nitrate (r = −0.53, P = 0.017) and the number of weeks of gestation; (2) in the caesarean section group, the levels of NO at puerperium were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those during pregnancy; and (3) there was a significant reduction in NO levels in the pregnant women carrying male fetuses as compared with female fetuses (P < 0.05). 3. In SPE, the patients with a family history of hypertension had lower levels of NO compared with the patients without such a history (P < 0.05). 4. A negative correlation was observed between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and NO levels in MPE (r = −0.62, P = 0.013 and r = −0.68, P = 0.0049 respectively) and SPE (r = −0.72, P = 0.004 and r = −0.53, P = 0.037 respectively). 5. In SPE, positive correlations were observed between platelet count and nitrite (r = 0.67, P = 0.006) and nitrate levels (r = 0.56, P = 0.028). 6. In MPE, patients with anti-hypertensive treatment showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of NO compared with the non-treated patients. 7. NO may be important in the physiopathology of hypertension during pregnancy, although several factors may affect its levels.

scholarly journals Periodic Assessment Of Antenatal And Post Natal Serum Endothelin1 and Nitric Oxide Levels In Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayatul Radziah Ismawi ◽  
Tariq Abdul Razaq ◽  
Maizura Mohd. Zainudin ◽  
Nur Jasmine Aida Jamani
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Potent Vasoconstrictor

Introduction: Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy (HDP) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular (CVS) disease with persistent endothelial dysfunction, that occurs after the initial insult during pregnancy and persists post partum postulated to be the pathophysiology. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been identified as a pivotal mediator in both essential hypertension and HDP. Disturbances in Nitric Oxide (NO) bioavailability found in endothelial dysfunction may increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Materials and Methods: Thirty six pregnant women at 30-36 weeks period of gestation from the following categories (i) pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (ii) chronic hypertension during pregnancy (CH) and (iii) normal pregnant women (Control). Blood pressure indices measurements and sample collection was done at antepartum (30-36 weeks), post partum (8 weeks and 12 weeks). Endothelin-1 was measured using the Human ET-1 (Endothelin-1) ELISA Kit and serum NO was measured using the Nitric Oxide (total) detection kit. Results: All blood pressure indices were significantly higher in HDP patients compared to control during antenatal and post partum periods. Serum ET-1 was significantly higher in patients with HDP compared to control during antenatal until 3 months post partum. This was accompanied by significantly lower levels of serum NO in HDP patients. Conclusion: ET-1 levels in patients with history of HDP irrespective of post partum blood pressure contributes to persistent endothelial dysfunction.

Does genetically-defined ancestry predict booking blood pressure in pregnant women with chronic hypertension?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. S11
Author(s):  
Frances Conti-Ramsden ◽  
Raquel Iniesta ◽  
Phil Chowienczyk ◽  
Lucy C. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chronic Hypertension

Blood Pressure and Intra-Erythrocyte Sodium during Normal and High Salt Intake in Middle-Aged Men: Relationship to Family History of Hypertension, and Neurogenic and Hormonal Variables

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottar Gudmundsson ◽  
Hans Herlitz ◽  
Olof Jonsson ◽  
Thomas Hedner ◽  
Ove Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Erythrocyte Sodium

1. During 4 weeks 37 normotensive 50-year-old men identified by screening in a random population sample were given 12 g of NaCl daily, in addition to their usual dietary sodium intake. Blood pressure, heart rate, weight, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and catecholamines, plasma aldosterone and noradrenaline and intra-erythrocyte sodium content were determined on normal and increased salt intake. The subjects were divided into those with a positive family history of hypertension (n = 11) and those without such a history (n = 26). 2. Systolic blood pressure and weight increased significantly irrespective of a positive family history of hypertension. 3. On normal salt intake intra-erythrocyte sodium content was significantly higher in those with a positive family history of hypertension. During high salt intake intra-erythrocyte sodium content decreased significantly in that group and the difference between the hereditary subgroups was no longer significant. 4. In the whole group urinary excretion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine increased whereas plasma aldosterone decreased during the increased salt intake. 5. Thus, in contrast to some earlier studies performed in young subjects, our results indicate that moderately increased sodium intake acts as a pressor agent in normotensive middle-aged men whether there was a positive family history of hypertension or not. We confirm that men with positive family history of hypertension have an increased intra-erythrocyte sodium content, and that an increase in salt intake seems to increase overall sympathetic activity.

Effect of Inheritance and Stress on the Diurnal Excretion of Sodium and Potassium in Young People with and without a Family History of Hypertension

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 161s-164s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Parfrey ◽  
P. Wright ◽  
J. M. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Excretion Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. The diurnal excretion of sodium and potassium was observed in young people, with and without a genetic predisposition to hypertension, both in the presence and absence of psychological stress. 2. In the absence of stress, the normal day/night sodium excretion ratio was reversed in the children of hypertensive parents. This was significantly less than day/night sodium excretion in children of normotensive parents. A similar finding was observed for day/night potassium excretion. 3. There was a significant negative correlation between systolic blood pressure and day/night sodium excretion in children of hypertensive parents but not in children of normotensive parents. 4. After the mental stress of a University examination day/night sodium reverted to normal in children of hypertensive parents.

scholarly journals Family history of hypertension increases risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women: a case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulualem Endeshaw ◽  
Fantu Abebe ◽  
Melkamu Bedimo ◽  
Anemaw Asrat ◽  
Abebaw Gebeyehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Control Study

Background <br />Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortalities worldwide. Despite extensive research, the underlying cause of preeclampsia remains poorly understood. This study aimed to offer compelling evidence on the important risk factors of preeclampsia in Amhara region, Ethiopia.<br /><br />Methods<br />A case control study was conducted in public health facilities of Bahir Dar city from September 2014 to January 2015. A total of 453 (151 cases and 302 controls) pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Hemoglobin level and urinary tract infection (UTI) status were collected from clinical notes. Oral examination was performed by a dentist for detection of periodontal diseases. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship of all the independent variables with the outcome variable. A p-value &lt;0.05 was declared statistically significant.<br /><br />Result<br />Advanced maternal age (AOR=4.79;95% CI 1.031-22.18), family history of hypertension (AOR=11.16;95% CI 5.41-41.43), history of diabetes mellitus (AOR=6.17;95% CI 2.11-20.33), UTI in the current pregnancy (AOR=6.58;95% CI 2.93-14.73), failure to comply with iron and folic acid supplement during pregnancy (AOR=8.32;95% CI 3.35-20.62), lack of exercise (AOR=3.33;95% CI 1.35-8.17), multiple pregnancy (AOR=4.05;95% CI 1.57-12.27), anemia (AOR=4.19;95% CI 1.27-13.92), and periodontal disease or gingivitis (AOR =3.51;95% CI 1.14-10.83) were associated with preeclampsia.<br /><br />Conclusion <br />Family history of hypertension was the most dominant risk factor for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Encouraging pregnant women to have health seeking behavior during pregnancy would provide a chance to diagnose preeclampsia as early as possible.

scholarly journals Relationship Parity and Contraception with Mild Preeclampsia at Puskesmas Jagir

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Rizky Pradana Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mild Preeclampsia

Mild preeclampsia is the frequent disease experienced by pregnant women in Puskesmas Jagir in 2011-2014. The number of mild preeclampsia in Puskesmas Jagir keep increase significantly. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between the characteristics, family history and calcium supplementation in pregnant women with mild preeclampsia at Puskesmas Jagir Surabaya. The type of research is non-reactive research with case control design. Subjects was taken from the population using simple random sampling. The variables studied were age, body weight changes, parity, family history of preeclampsia, contraception, family history of diabetes mellitus, family history of chronic hypertension, and calcium supplementation. The statistical test was Chi-square test with α = 0.05, odds Ratio is calculated by value with 95% confidence interval (CI 95%). Variables associated with mild preeclampsia is a maternal characteristics such as parity (p = 0.001, OR 0.17) and contraception (p = 0.019, OR = 5.636). Variables that are not associated with mild preeclampsia is a maternal characteristics such as the form of changes in body weight during pregnancy, age, and family history of diabetes mellitus in the form of family history and family history of hypertension and calcium supplementation. There is a association between parity and contraception with mild preeclampsia.Keywords: mild preeclampsia, parity, contraception 

scholarly journals Childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
BAN Okoh ◽  
EAD Alikor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Childhood Hypertension

Objective: To determine the relationship between childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt.Methods: A stratified multi-staged sampling technique was used torecruit pupils between 6-12 years of age, from thirteen primary schoolslocated in three school districts. Data was collected using a pretestedquestionnaire completed by parents / guardians. The average of three blood pressure measurements, weight and height were taken for each pupil, using standardized techniques. Hypertension was defined as average systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equalto the 95th percentile for age, gender and height using the standard bloodpressure charts. Family history of hypertension was defined as eitherparent indicating on the submitted questionnaire that they were hypertensive (diagnosed by a physician and/or on antihypertensive drugs)or had a family history of hypertension.Results: A total of 1302 pupils with 717 (55.1%) females and 585(44.9%) males were studied, giving a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Themean age of pupils studied was 8.82±1.91 years. Sixty one (4.7%)of the pupils examined had hypertension. Of the 1302 pupils, 316(24.3%) had a family history of hypertension. The mean systolic(p<0.001) and diastolic (p=0.220) blood pressures were higher in childrenwith a family history of hypertension than in those without. Ofthe pupils that had a family history of hypertension, 7.9% had  hypertension, while 3.7% of those that did not have a family history, werefound to be hypertensive (p=0.001).Conclusion: A family history of hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of childhood hypertension than was seen in children without a family history of hypertension.Key words: Childhood Hypertension, Family history.

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