scholarly journals Microdialysis assessment of local adipose tissue lipolysis during β-adrenergic stimulation in upper-body-obese subjects with type II diabetes

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. BLAAK ◽  
Gerrit J. KEMERINK ◽  
Marie Therese W. PAKBIERS ◽  
Bruce H.R. WOLFFENBUTTEL ◽  
Guido A. HEIDENDAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis

Microdialysis assessment of local adipose tissue lipolysis during β-adrenergic stimulation in upper-body-obese subjects with type II diabetes

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. BLAAK ◽  
Gerrit J. KEMERINK ◽  
Marie Therese W. PAKBIERS ◽  
Bruce H. R. WOLFFENBUTTEL ◽  
Guido A. HEIDENDAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The present study was designed to investigate indicators of abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis (microdialysis), and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow and whole-body lipolysis, in obesity-associated type II diabetes during overnight-fasted conditions (baseline) and during intravenous infusion of the non-selective β-agonist isoprenaline. Basal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow and isoprenaline-induced increases in adipose tissue blood flow were not signifcantly different between subjects with type II diabetes and non-obese, non-diabetic controls. Adipose tissue interstitial glycerol concentrations were significantly higher in subjects with type II diabetes compared with controls (P< 0.01), and during isoprenaline infusion there was a decrease in interstitial glycerol in both groups (P< 0.001). Arterial glycerol concentrations were higher in subjects with type II diabetes compared with controls (P< 0.05), whereas the increases in arterial glycerol concentration in response to isoprenaline infusion were of a similar magnitude in the two groups. Estimated subcutaneous adipose tissue glycerol release was not significantly different between the groups (controls and subjects with type II diabetes: baseline, -129±32 and -97±72 μmol·min-1·100 g-1 adipose tissue respectively; isoprenaline, -231±76 and -286±98 μmol·min-1·100 g-1 respectively). Values for fat oxidation were not significantly different between groups, whereas the isoprenaline-induced increase in fat oxidation tended to be less pronounced in subjects with type II diabetes compared with controls (0.022±0.008 and 0.038±0.003 g/min respectively; P = 0.058). Thus estimated basal subcutaneous adipose tissue glycerol release, expressed per unit of fat mass, is not different in controls and in subjects with type II diabetes. Additionally, the isoprenaline-induced increases in indicators of local abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, systemic lipolysis and abdominal adipose tissue blood flow responses were comparable in obese subjects with type II diabetes and in controls. The last two findings contrast with previous data from obese subjects, indicating that the regulation of lipolysis may differ in obesity and obesity-associated type II diabetes.

Regional lipolytic responses to isoproterenol in women

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. E108-E112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Guo ◽  
C. M. Johnson ◽  
M. D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Isoproterenol Infusion

We previously found that epinephrine, a mixed beta- and alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist, stimulates systemic and nonsplanchnic upper body free fatty acid (FFA) release but not lower body FFA release in healthy nonobese women. To evaluate the role of beta-adrenergic-mediated effects on this regional difference in lipolysis, we measured systemic, leg, and splanchnic FFA kinetics ([3H]palmitate) in seven healthy nonobese women before and during an intravenous isoproterenol infusion. Isoproterenol increased systemic palmitate flux (87 +/- 12 vs. 100 +/- 10 mumol/min, P < 0.05) but failed to affect leg [10.8 +/- 1.2 vs. 11.4 +/- 2.3 mumol/min, P = not significant (NS)] or splanchnic (10.8 +/- 3.2 vs. 10.0 +/- 1.8 mumol/min, P = NS) palmitate release. Upper body nonsplanchnic palmitate release increased from 56 +/- 14 to 71 +/- 10 mumol/min. Systemic O2 consumption increased (227 +/- 11 to 241 +/- 10 ml/min, P = 0.006) during isoproterenol infusion, as did leg (318 +/- 42 vs. 404 +/- 53 ml/min, P < 0.01) and splanchnic (827 +/- 104 vs. 970 +/- 108 ml/min, P < 0.05) plasma flow. These results suggest that lower body adipose tissue lipolysis in women is less sensitive or responsive than nonsplanchnic upper body adipose tissue to beta-adrenergic stimulation and that regional differences in alpha 2-adrenergic-receptor responses were not responsible for the similar regional differences we observed previously with epinephrine.

Effect of short-term fasting on lipid kinetics in lean and obese women

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. E278-E284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Simon W. Coppack ◽  
Deanna Paramore ◽  
Philip E. Cryer ◽  
Guohong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Percent Decline

We evaluated whole body and regional adipose tissue lipid kinetics and norepinephrine (NE) spillover during brief fasting in six lean [body mass index (BMI) 21 ± 1 kg/m2] and six upper-body obese (UBO; BMI 36 ± 1 kg/m2) women. At 14 h of fasting, abdominal adipose tissue glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) release rates were lower ( P = 0.07), but whole body glycerol and FFA rates of appearance (Ra) were greater ( P < 0.05) in obese than in lean subjects. At 22 h of fasting, glycerol and FFA Ra increased less in obese (19.8 ± 7.0 and 87.1 ± 30.3 μmol/min, respectively) than in lean (44.2 ± 6.6 and 137.4 ± 30.4 μmol/min, respectively; P < 0.05) women. The percent increase in glycerol Ra correlated closely with the percent decline in plasma insulin in both groups ( r 2 = 0.85; P < 0.05). Whole body NE spillover declined in lean ( P < 0.05) but not obese subjects with continued fasting, whereas regional adipose tissue NE spillover did not change in either group. We conclude that, compared with lean women, in UBO women 1) basal adipose tissue lipolysis is lower, but whole body lipid kinetics is higher because of their greater fat mass; 2) the increase in lipolysis during fasting is blunted because of an attenuated decline in circulating insulin; and 3) downregulation of whole body sympathetic nervous system activity is impaired during fasting.

scholarly journals Cardiac adipose tissue volume and IL-6 level at admission are complementary predictors of severity and short-term mortality in COVID-19 diabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Phan ◽  
Samia Boussouar ◽  
Olivier Lucidarme ◽  
Mohamed Zarai ◽  
Joe-Elie Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background COVID-19 diabetic adults are at increased risk of severe forms irrespective of obesity. In patients with type-II diabetes, fat distribution is characterized by visceral and ectopic adipose tissues expansion, resulting in systemic inflammation, which may play a role in driving the COVID-19 cytokine storm. Our aim was to determine if cardiac adipose tissue, combined to interleukin-6 levels, could predict adverse short-term outcomes, death and ICU requirement, in COVID-19 diabetic patients during the 21 days after admission. Methods Eighty one consecutive patients with type-II diabetes admitted for COVID-19 were included. Interleukin-6 measurement and chest computed tomography with total cardiac adipose tissue index (CATi) measurement were performed at admission. The primary outcome was death during the 21 days following admission while intensive care requirement with or without early death (ICU-R) defined the secondary endpoint. Associations of CATi and IL-6 and threshold values to predict the primary and secondary endpoints were determined. Results Of the enrolled patients (median age 66 years [IQR: 59–74]), 73% male, median body mass index (BMI) 27 kg/m2 [IQR: 24–31]) 20 patients had died from COVID-19, 20 required intensive care and 41 were in conventional care at day 21 after admission. Increased CATi and IL-6 levels were both significantly related to increased early mortality (respectively OR = 6.15, p = 0.002; OR = 18.2, p < 0.0001) and ICU-R (respectively OR = 3.27, p = 0.01; OR = 4.86, p = 0.002). These associations remained significant independently of age, sex, BMI as well as troponin-T level and pulmonary lesion extension in CT. We combined CATi and IL-6 levels as a multiplicative interaction score (CATi*IL-6). The cut-point for this score was ≥ 6386 with a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.87 (AUC = 0.88) and an OR of 59.6 for early mortality (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Cardiac adipose tissue index and IL-6 determination at admission could help physicians to better identify diabetic patients with a potentially severe and lethal short term course irrespective of obesity. Diabetic patients with high CATi at admission, a fortiori associated with high IL-6 levels could be a relevant target population to promptly initiate anti-inflammatory therapies.

scholarly journals Hypercortisolaemia and dyslipidaemia in a selected diabetic population

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Adediji Isaac Oluwole ◽  
Ayodele Ademola Adelakun ◽  
Afolabi Joy Oluwaseyifunmi ◽  
Akinleye Waheed A ◽  
Taiwo Timilehin Darasimi
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background: Type II DM and obesity are metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and metabolic stress. These features were assessed in patients using fasting plasma glucose, fasting lipid profile and serum cortisol as their markers.Materials and methods: Ninety participants were recruited and classified into 3 groups of thirty each – Obese with type II DM, Non-obese with type II DM, non-obese and non-diabetics who served as controls. Anthropometric measures of weight and height were taken using standard procedures and body mass index was calculated thereafter. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for the in vitro assay of serum cortisol, plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetry as appropriate. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and post hoc test for comparison of variables between groups. Pearson’s correlation was performed to assess the relationship between variables and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Serum cortisol, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were elevated while HDL-cholesterol was reduced in both obese and non-obese subjects with type II diabetes mellitus when compared with controls. Cortisol had a significant positive association with plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol in obese subjects with type II diabetes mellitus while cortisol had a significant inverse relationship with HDL-cholesterol in both obese and non-obese subjects with type II diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that elevated serum cortisol, a consequence of type II DM, accompanies dyslipidaemia in both obese and non-obese type II DM patients. It could therefore be inferred that ‘diabetic stress’ is the underlying factor of elevated cortisol in this group.

Mest/Peg1 imprinted gene enlarges adipocytes and is a marker of adipocyte size

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. E117-E124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Takahashi ◽  
Yasutomi Kamei ◽  
Osamu Ezaki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Enhanced Expression

Obesity is a common and serious metabolic disorder in the developed world that is occasionally accompanied by type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. We have found that mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest)/paternally expressed gene 1 (Peg1) gene expression was markedly enhanced in white adipose tissue of mice with diet-induced and genetically caused obesity/diabetes but not with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, which does not cause obesity. Administration of pioglitazone, a drug for type II diabetes and activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, in obese db/ db mice reduced the enhanced expression of Mest mRNA in adipose tissue, concomitant with an increase in body weight and a decrease in the size of adipose cells. Ectopic expression of Mest in 3T3-L1 cells caused increased gene expression of adipose markers such as PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP)2. In transgenic mice overexpressing Mest in adipose tissue, enhanced expression of the adipose genes was observed. Moreover, adipocytes were markedly enlarged in the transgenic mice. Thus Mest appears to enlarge adipocytes and could be a novel marker of the size of adipocytes.

Adipose-on-a-chip: a dynamic microphysiological in vitro model of the human adipose for immune-metabolic analysis in type II diabetes

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxiao Liu ◽  
Patthara Kongsuphol ◽  
Su Yin Chiam ◽  
Qing Xin Zhang ◽  
Sajay Bhuvanendran Nair Gourikutty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Metabolic Analysis ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in obese individuals.

Weight Loss in Severely Obese Subjects Prevents the Progression of Impaired Glucose Tolerance to Type II Diabetes: A longitudinal interventional study

Diabetes Care ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Long ◽  
K. O'brien ◽  
K. G. Macdonald ◽  
N. Leggett-Frazier ◽  
M. S. Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Obese Subjects

Regulation of lipolysis by somatotropin: functional alteration of adrenergic and adenosine signaling in bovine adipose tissue

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
K L Houseknecht ◽  
D E Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Heterotrimeric G Proteins ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Stimulation Of

To investigate the cellular mechanisms of somatotropin (ST) action on adipose tissue lipolysis, experiments were conducted using adipose tissue taken from lactating cows treated with excipient or ST (40 mg/day). Stimulation of lipolysis in vitro by the effectors isoproterenol with or without adenosine deaminase, dibutyryl cAMP with or without isobutylmethylxanthine, and forskolin was not altered by ST treatment. Conversely, the response to the antilipolytic effector, phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), was significantly reduced in adipose tissue explants from ST or fasted cows. The different responses to adrenergic-stimulating agents (in vivo) and PIA (in vitro) were not due to differences in the abundance of α, β or γ subunits of the stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (Gi) subunits of the heterotrimeric G-proteins which bind to the β-adrenergic and adenosine receptors respectively. However, the functionality of Gi proteins, as assessed by their ability to be ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin, was significantly reduced in ST-treated but not fasted cows. These data highlight differential regulation of signaling proteins by ST and fasting, both of which result in enhanced in vivo response to adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 465–475

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