Releasing the Constraints on Aphasia Therapy: The Positive Impact of Gesture and Multimodality Treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
Gesture Production

PurposeThere is a 40-year history of interest in the use of arm and hand gestures in treatments that target the reduction of aphasic linguistic impairment and compensatory methods of communication (Rose, 2006). Arguments for constraining aphasia treatment to the verbal modality have arisen from proponents of constraint-induced aphasia therapy (Pulvermüller et al., 2001). Confusion exists concerning the role of nonverbal treatments in treating people with aphasia. The central argument of this paper is that given the state of the empirical evidence and the strong theoretical accounts of modality interactions in human communication, gesture-based and multimodality aphasia treatments are at least as legitimate an option as constraint-based aphasia treatment.MethodTheoretical accounts of modality interactions in human communication and the gesture production abilities of individuals with aphasia that are harnessed in treatments are reviewed. The negative effects on word retrieval of restricting gesture production are also reviewed, and an overview of the neurological architecture subserving language processing is provided as rationale for multimodality treatments. The evidence for constrained and unconstrained treatments is critically reviewed.ConclusionTogether, these data suggest that constraint treatments and multimodality treatments are equally efficacious, and there is limited support for constraining client responses to the spoken modality.

scholarly journals FASHION IS A COMMUNICATION AXIS TO REPRESENT CIVILIZATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Zainab Abd Ali MUHSEN
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Media

The fashion is the interface of the world for human communication and the overlap of cultures, and globalization in contemporary fashion can have a positive impact as it is important in the development of design and executive awareness to achieve the job through economic and cultural development, stressing that the role of the contemporary designer artist is the continuous communication between the global heritage and the new visions used in the present and the aesthetics of design. Fashion and clothing are considered as the language full of symbols, which reflects the (identities) of human societies, because of the different environments in which they are present, as the costume is the title of world cultures as each environment of the world has special costumes that distinguish it, although it shares the fact that it is inspired by the traditional heritage of that region, and expresses the environment in which women live, and this is reflected in many forms of executive model technology carried by different costumes. Although they vary from region to region due to the demographics of the environment, tastes are multiplied by media communication with different peoples and civilizations. They are any costumes that tell the history of human beings from the beginning to the present. In recent times, a phenomenon has emerged characterized by a return to heritage and typical.

scholarly journals Role of the periodic table in discovery of new elements

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Future Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Techniques

AbstractThis year (2009) marks the 140th Anniversary of Mendeleev's original 1869 periodic table of the elements based on atomic weights. It also marks the 175th anniversary of his birth in Tolbosk, Siberia. The history of the development of periodic tables of the chemical elements is briefly reviewed beginning with the presentation by Dmitri Mendeleev and his associate Nikolai Menshutkin of their original 1869 table based on atomic weights. The value, as well as the sometimes negative effects, of periodic tables in guiding the discovery of new elements based on their predicted chemical properties is assessed. It is noteworthy that the element with Z=101 (mendelevium) was identified in 1955 using chemical techniques. The discoverers proposed the name mendelevium to honor the predictive power of the Mendeleev Periodic Table. Mendelevium still remains the heaviest element to have been identified first by chemical rather than nuclear or physical techniques. The question concerning whether there will be a future role for the current form of the periodic table in predicting chemical properties and aid in the identification of elements beyond those currently known is considered.

scholarly journals Restating the case: How revisiting the development of the case method can help us think differently about the future of the business school

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Bridgman ◽  
Stephen Cummings ◽  
C McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Business School ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Harvard Business School ◽  
Linear Evolution ◽  
Management Learning ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
History Of

© Academy of Management Learning & Education. Although supportive of calls for business schools to learn the lessons of history to address contemporary challenges about their legitimacy and impact, we argue that our ability to learn is limited by the histories we have created. Through contrasting the contested development of the case method of teaching at Harvard Business School and the conventional history of its rise, we argue that this history, which promotes a smooth linear evolution, works against reconceptualizing the role of the business school. To illustrate this, we develop a "counterhistory" of the case method-one that reveals a contested and circuitous path of development-and discuss how recognizing this would encourage us to think differently. This counterhistory provides ameans of stimulating debate and innovative thinking about how business schools can address their legitimacy challenges, and, in doing so, have a more positive impact on society.

scholarly journals What Are Predictors for Persistence in Childhood Stuttering?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Usler ◽  
Anna Bostian ◽  
Ranjini Mohan ◽  
Katelyn Gerwin ◽  
Barbara Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Sensorimotor Processes ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractOver the past 10 years, we (the Purdue Stuttering Project) have implemented longitudinal studies to examine factors related to persistence and recovery in early childhood stuttering. Stuttering develops essentially as an impairment in speech sensorimotor processes that is strongly influenced by dynamic interactions among motor, language, and emotional domains. Our work has assessed physiological, behavioral, and clinical features of stuttering within the motor, linguistic, and emotional domains. We describe the results of studies in which measures collected when the child was 4 to 5 years old are related to eventual stuttering status. We provide supplemental evidence of the role of known predictive factors (e.g., sex and family history of persistent stuttering). In addition, we present new evidence that early delays in basic speech motor processes (especially in boys), poor performance on a nonword repetition test, stuttering severity at the age of 4 to 5 years, and delayed or atypical functioning in central nervous system language processing networks are predictive of persistent stuttering.

scholarly journals The Role of Humour in the Social Care Professions: An Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-796
Author(s):  
Molly Fogarty ◽  
Dely Lazarte Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Training ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Six social care professionals were recruited to take part in in-depth interviews that sought to explore their phenomenological experiences of humour within their place of work. Using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach, the results suggest that humour serves various important functions within social care. Humour can allow social care professionals to relieve themselves of negative emotions, to avoid stress and cynicism, to achieve a sense of normality and perspective and to engage with service users. The positive impact humour appears to have upon these professionals is in keeping with the humour–health hypothesis, which posits that humour enhances well-being. However, results from this study also suggest that humour may be capable of negatively impacting well-being. Arguably, these findings highlight the need to extend the humour–health hypothesis and incorporate the negative effects humour can have upon well-being. Results also indicate that, if used appropriately, humour can be utilised to benefit work performance and service user outcomes. The findings of this research hold important implications for how humour may be understood and fostered in social care training, practice and policy.

A dynamic perspective on language processing and development

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees de Bot ◽  
HuiPing Chan ◽  
Wander Lowie ◽  
Rika Plat ◽  
Marjolijn Verspoor
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

If language processing and development is viewed as a dynamic process in which all subsystems interact over time, then some basic assumptions behind more traditional approaches to language analysis are problematic: new methods of analysis and modeling are needed to supplement and partly replace existing paradigms. This argument is illustrated with two examples from recent studies. After a brief history of the reasons for a paradigm shift and an explanation of the role of variability in development, the first example study presents a variability-based approach to reaction time measurements in which spectral analyses of variability found during repeated measures of the same experiment may indicate moments of behavioral change. Then the principles of dynamic modeling are explained, illustrated with vocabulary developmental data. The second recent study shows how the vocabulary development of three learners is may be dynamically modeled using a logistic model.

scholarly journals An Emerging Role of Chatbot in Businesses as a Novel Interactive Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
T. Venkat Narayana Rao et al.
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Machine Language ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Business People ◽  
History Of

Chatbot enables the business people to reach their target customers using popular messenger apps like Facebook, Whatsapp etc. Chatbots are not handled by humans directly. Nowadays, Chatbots are becoming very popular especially in business sector by reducing the human efforts and automated customer service. It is a software which interacts with user using natural language processing, Machine Language and Artificial Intelligence. They allow users to simply ask questions which would simulate interaction with the humans. The popular and well known chatbots are Alex and Siri. This paper focus on review of chatbot, history of chatbot and its implementation along with applications.

scholarly journals The Changing “Face” of Aphasia Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime B. Lee ◽  
Leora R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Software Program ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
Interactive Computer Software

Abstract Purpose: Clinicians and researchers are searching for cost effective ways to deliver intensive aphasia treatment. The purpose of this article is to describe one method of providing less costly but intensive treatment via a computer software program called AphasiaScripts TM . Method: First, we describe the unique, interactive computer software program developed for individuals with aphasia to practice conversations that have been individually scripted for them. In AphasiaScripts TM , an avatar serves as the virtual therapist or conversational partner. The simplicity of the user interface allows the person with aphasia to quickly learn how to use the program and to manage the level of supportive cueing needed. Second, we clarify the role of the speech-language pathologist in the light of new technology that allows the person with aphasia to practice these conversations intensively and independently. Conclusions: AphasiaScripts TM serves as an example of a software program that makes use of advanced computer technology, yet still requires the clinical expertise of the speech-language pathologist.

EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF COLLABORATIVE PATTERNS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF SCIENTIFIC NETWORKS USING SIMULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850035
Author(s):  
DORSA TAJADDOD ALIZADEH ◽  
ANDREA SCHIFFAUEROVA
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Overall Efficiency

The objective of this work is to investigate the role of individual scientists and their collaborations in knowledge creation networks. In order to study the networks in their dynamic context, an agent-based simulation model is developed using real data based on the Canadian biotechnology publications. We observe that while the repetitiveness of the collaborative relationships among scientists shows negative effects, the presence of the gatekeepers is found to be critical for the overall efficiency of the network. We also find positive impact of star scientists on the network productivity, but their negative effects on the flow of knowledge are detected as well.

scholarly journals ‘A woman and now a man’: The legitimation of sex-assignment surgery in the United States (1849–1886)

2021 ◽  
pp. 030631272110568
Author(s):  
Maayan Sudai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Sex Assignment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Epistemic Role ◽  
General Effort ◽  
Legal Sex

Throughout much of recorded history, societies that assigned rights and duties based on sex were confounded by people with unclear sex. For the sake of maintaining social and legal order in those contexts, legal systems assigned these people to what they figured was the ‘most dominant’ sex. Then, in mid-19th century United States, a new classification mechanism emerged: sex-assignment surgery, which was imagined by some surgeons to ‘fix’ one’s physical and legal sex status permanently. Other surgeons, however, fiercely opposed the new practice. This article traces the controversy around sex-assignment surgery through three high-profile cases published in US medical journals from 1849 to 1886. Its central argument is that the more general effort to transform surgery into a scientific field helped legitimate the practice of sex-assignment surgery. Although such surgery was subject to intense moral criticism because it was thought to breach the laws of men and nature, over time, these concerns were abandoned or transformed into technical or professional disagreements. In a secondary argument, which helps explain that transformation, this article shows that surgeons gradually became comfortable occupying the epistemic role of sex-classifiers and even sex-makers. That is, whereas sex classification was traditionally a legal task, the new ability to surgically construct one’s genitals engendered the notion that sex could be determined and fixed in the clinic in a legally binding manner. Accordingly, I suggest that surgery became an epistemic act of fact-making. This evolution of the consensus around sex-assignment surgery also provides an early origin story for the idea of sex as plastic and malleable by surgeons, thus offering another aspect to the history of plastic sex.

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