An Approach to the Evaluation of Stuttering Therapy

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Roger J. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Rate Of Speech

This paper describes a procedure for evaluating the outcome of treatment for stuttering therapy. The usefulness of the procedure will be illustrated in the assessment of a therapy program which the authors conducted. Three issues associated with treatment outcome evaluation are considered. First, repeated measures of frequency of stuttering and rate of speech are regarded as minimal requirements. Self-report questionnaires appear to provide additional relevant information. Second, it appears important to demonstrate, in treatment, that improvements in fluency are not simply “laboratory-bound.” Third, attention is drawn to the need for repeated posttreatment evaluation of speech behavior in general, and to the advantage of covert posttreatment assessment in particular.

A Comparison of Covert and Overt Assessment Procedures in Stuttering Therapy Outcome Evaluation

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Rate Of Speech ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Assessment Procedures

This study aimed to compare covert and overt assessments in outcome evaluation of an adult stuttering therapy program. Three situations (talking with strangers, with familiars, and on the telephone) in which nine subjects attained fluency within the therapy program were used to evaluate speech behavior three months and six months after treatment. In each situation, an overt and covert recording was made of each subject’s speech behavior. Percentage of stuttered syllables spoken and rate of speech of the group showed changes that were associated with the difference in assessment conditions. At three months after treatment, there was a small but significant increase in stuttering and reduction in speech rate during the covert condition. At six months this trend remained although differences in percentage syllables stuttered under both conditions were not significant. The findings suggested that, for some subjects, fluency attained under overtly recorded conditions may be illusory and, by implication, could give a false impression of the efficacy of therapy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a hydrogel dressing as an analgesic adjunct to first aid for the treatment of acute paediatric burn injuries: a prospective randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e039981
Author(s):  
Maleea Denise Holbert ◽  
Roy M Kimble ◽  
Mark Chatfield ◽  
Bronwyn R Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of two acute burn dressings, Burnaid hydrogel dressing and plasticised polyvinylchloride film, on reducing acute pain scores in paediatric burn patients following appropriate first aid.DesignSingle-centre, superiority, two-arm, parallel-group, prospective randomised controlled trial.Participants and settingPaediatric patients (aged ≤16) presenting to the Emergency Department at the Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, with an acute thermal burn were approached for participation in the trial from September 2017–September 2018.InterventionsPatients were randomised to receive either (1) Burnaid hydrogel dressing (intervention) or (2) plasticised polyvinylchloride film (Control) as an acute burn dressing.Primary and secondary outcomesObservational pain scores from nursing staff assessed 5 min post application of the randomised dressing, measured using the Face Legs Activity Cry and Consolability Scale was the primary outcome. Repeated measures of pain, stress and re-epithelialisation were also collected at follow-up dressing changes until 95% wound re-epithelialisation occurred.ResultsSeventy-two children were recruited and randomised (n=37 intervention; n=35 control). No significant between-group differences in nursing (mean difference: −0.1, 95% CI −0.7 to 0.5, p=0.72) or caregiver (MD: 1, 95% CI −8 to 11, p=0.78) observational pain scores were identified. Moreover, no significant differences in child self-report pain (MD: 0.3, 95% CI −1.7 to 2.2, p=0.78), heart rate (MD: −3, 95% CI −11 to 5, p=0.41), temperature (MD: 0.6, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.24, p=0.53), stress (geometric mean ratio: 1.53, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.53, p=0.10), or re-epithelialisation rates (MD: −1, 95% CI −3 to 1, p=0.26) were identified between the two groups.ConclusionsA clear benefit of Burnaid hydrogel dressing as an analgesic adjunct to first aid for the treatment of acute paediatric burns was not identified in this investigation.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001274369).

Work-Related Subjective Experiences Among Community Residents with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Waghorn ◽  
David Chant ◽  
Robert King
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Objective: To develop a self-report scale of subjective experiences of illness perceived to impact on employment functioning, as an alternative to a diagnostic perspective, for anticipating the vocational assistance needs of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Method: A repeated measures pilot study (n1 = 26, n2 = 21) of community residents with schizophrenia identified a set of work-related subjective experiences perceived to impact on employment functioning. Items with the best psychometric properties were applied in a 12 month longitudinal survey of urban residents with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n1 = 104; n2 = 94; n3 = 94). Results: Construct validity, factor structure, responsiveness, internal consistency, stability, and criterion validity investigations produced favourable results. Work-related subjective experiences provide information about the intersection of the person, the disorder, and expectations of employment functioning, which suggest new opportunities for vocational professionals to explore and discuss individual assistance needs. Conclusion: Further psychometric investigations of test-retest reliability, discriminant and predictive validity, and research applications in supported employment and vocational rehabilitation, are recommended. Subject to adequate psychometric properties, the new measure promises to facilitate exploring: individuals' specific subjective experiences; how each is perceived to contribute to employment restrictions; and the corresponding implications for specialized treatment, vocational interventions and workplace accommodations.

scholarly journals Mood and Global Symptom Changes among Psychotherapy Clients with Depressive Personality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Maddux ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Depressive Personality ◽  
Symptom Changes ◽  
Psychotherapy Clients ◽  
Over Time

The present study assessed the rate of depressive personality (DP), as measured by the self-report instrument depressive personality disorder inventory (DPDI), among 159 clients entering psychotherapy at an outpatient university clinic. The presenting clinical profile was evaluated for those with and without DP, including levels of depressed mood, other psychological symptoms, and global severity of psychopathology. Clients were followed naturalistically over the course of therapy, up to 40 weeks, and reassessed on these variables again after treatment. Results indicated that 44 percent of the sample qualified for DP prior to treatment, and these individuals had a comparatively more severe and complex presenting disposition than those without DP. Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine between-groups changes on mood and global severity over time, with those with DP demonstrating larger reductions on both outcome variables, although still showing more symptoms after treatment, than those without DP. Only eleven percent of the sample continued to endorse DP following treatment. These findings suggest that in routine clinical situations, psychotherapy may benefit individuals with DP.

Accelerometry and Self-Report Are Congruent for Children’s Moderate-to-Vigorous and Higher Intensity Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Claudio R. Nigg ◽  
Xanna Burg ◽  
Barbara Lohse ◽  
Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Upper Elementary School ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Purpose: This study used different analytic approaches to compare physical activity (PA) metrics from accelerometers (ACC) and a self-report questionnaire in upper elementary youth participating in the Fuel for Fun intervention. Methods: The PA questionnaire and ACC were assessed at baseline/preintervention (fall fourth grade), Follow-up 1/postintervention (spring fourth grade), and Follow-up 2 (fall fifth grade) of 564 fourth grade students from three elementary schools (50% females, 78% White, and 28% overweight or obese). Different analytic approaches identified similarities and differences between the two methods. Results: On average, self-report was higher than ACC for vigorous PA (range = 9–15 min/day), but lower than ACC for moderate PA (range = 24–30 min/day), light PA (range = 30–36 min/day), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; range = 9–21 min/day). Spearman’s correlations for vigorous PA (.30, .26, and .32); moderate PA (.12, .13, and .14); and MVPA (.25, .25, and .24) were significant at each time point (all ps ≤ .01), whereas correlations for light PA were not significant (.06, .04, and .07; all ps > .05). In repeated-measures analyses, ACC and questionnaire measures were significantly different from each other across the three time points; however, change difference of the two measures over time was only 5.5 MVPA min/day. Conclusions: The PA questionnaire and ACC validated each other and can be used to assess MVPA in upper elementary school children in a similar population to the current study. However, each assessment method captures unique information, especially for light-intensity PA. Multiple PA measurement methods are recommended to be used in research and application to provide a more comprehensive understanding of children’s activity.

scholarly journals Evaluating the use of gas discharge visualization to measure massage therapy outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolie Haun ◽  
Nitin Patel ◽  
Gary Schwartz ◽  
Cheryl Ritenbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Whole Person

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of massage therapy using gas discharge visualization (GDV), a computerized biophysical electrophoton capture (EPC), in tandem with traditional self-report measures to evaluate the use of GDV measurement to assess the bioenergetic whole-person effects of massage therapy.: This study used a single treatment group, pre–post-repeated measures design with a sample of 23 healthy adults. This study utilized a single 50-min full-body relaxation massage with participants. GDV measurement method, an EPC, and traditional paper-based measures evaluating pain, stress, muscle tension, and well-being were used to assess intervention outcomes.: Significant differences were found between pre- and post-measures of well-being, pain, stress, muscle tension, and GDV parameters. Pearson correlations indicate the GDV measure is correlated with pain and stress, variables that impact the whole person.: This study demonstrates that GDV parameters may be used to indicate significant bioenergetic change from pre- to post-massage. Findings warrant further investigation with a larger diverse sample size and control group to further explore GDV as a measure of whole-person bioenergetic effects associated with massage.

“I Am a Different Man Now”—Sex Offenders in Circles of Support and Accountability: A Prospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechtild Höing ◽  
Bas Vogelvang ◽  
Stefan Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Problem Solving Skills

In Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA), a group of trained and supervised volunteers support a sex offender (core member in a circle), with the aim of supporting the core member’s transitions toward full desistance. A prospective, multi-method design was used to explore psychological and social transitions in core members. Data were collected at the start of their circle, after 6 months, and after 12 months. Qualitative data were collected in semi-structured interviews with 17 core members and a total of 29 professionals, and analyzed with Kwalitan, a computer-assisted program for qualitative data analysis. Quantitative data were assessed with self-report questionnaires for sex offenders. Mean differences between t0, t1, and t2 were tested with repeated-measures ANOVAs. Qualitative results indicated improvements in reflective skills, openness, and problem-solving skills, as well as social skills, agency, and self-regulation. Quantitative results documented improvements in emotion regulation and internal locus of control, and positive trends in self-esteem and coping skills. Due to the small sample size, our results must be interpreted with caution. Core members as well as professionals reported a unique contribution of circles to their process, but this claim needs further confirmation.

scholarly journals Temporal Considerations for Self-Report Research Using Short Message Service

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Walsh ◽  
Jay K. Brinker
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Message Service ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Working Day

Abstract. When using Short Message Service (SMS) as a tool for data collection in psychological research, participants can be contacted at any time. This study examined how sampling frequency and time of day of contact impacted on response rates, response completeness, and response delay in repeated measures data collected via SMS. Eighty-five undergraduate students completed a six-item self-report questionnaire via SMS, in response to 20 SMS prompts sent on a random schedule. One group responded across 2 days, the other on a compressed schedule of 1 day. Overall, there was a high response rate. There was no significant difference in response rate, completeness, and delay of those responding across 1 or 2 days. Timing between prompts did not impact on response behavior. Responses were more likely to be complete if prompts were sent during the working day. The shortest time between prompts was 15 min, however, and use of an undergraduate sample limits generalizability. When conducting repeated measures sampling using SMS, researchers should be aware that more frequent sampling can be associated with poorer data quality, and should aim to collect data during the working day rather than mornings or evenings.

scholarly journals Positive Attitude Program’s Impact upon Self-Concept across Childhood and Adolescence // Emociones positivas, apoyo a la autonomía y rendimiento de estudiantes universitarios: El papel mediador del compromiso académico y la autoeficacia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Alexandre Coelho ◽  
Marta Marchante ◽  
Vanda Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

This study aims to analyze the differential impact of social and emotional learning programs between Portuguese elementary and middle school students, and to clarify developmental and gender differences in children and adolescents self-concept. The sample included 2682 students, 1237 elementary students (4th grade; Mage = 9.24; SD = 0.72) and 1445 middle school students (7th to 9th grade: Mage = 13.30; SD = 1.32). Self-report questionnaires were administered before and after intervention. Multilevel linear modeling with a repeated measures design was used to evaluate the effects of the program on self- concept. Results show significant intervention gains in social and emotional self-concept, which differ by grade level (elementary students benefited more). There were also differences between genders, boys showed more benefits in social self-concept and girls in emotional self-concept as well as a smaller decrease in academic self-concept. Participation in the programs led to more pronounced gains for elementary school students. 

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