Children's Performance on a Binaural Fusion Task

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Plakke ◽  
Daniel J. Orchik ◽  
Daniel S. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Filter Bandwidth ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Better Than

Binaural auditory fusion of 108 children (4, 6, and 8 years old) was studied using three lists of monosyllabic words (WIPI) presented at two sensation levels (30 and 40 dB). The words were processed to produce three bandwidth conditions (100, 300, 600 Hz) and were administered via three presentation modes (binaural fusion 1, diotic, binaural fusion 2). Results showed improved discrimination scores with increasing age, sensation level, and filter bandwidth. Diotic scores were better than binaural fusion scores for the narrower bandwidth conditions, but the diotic enhancement effect was seriously compromised in the widest bandwidth (600 Hz) condition. The results confirmed the contention that prior research results were equivocal due, in large measure, to procedural variability. Methods for reducing such variability and enhancing the clinical viability of binaural fusion tasks are suggested.

Testing Speech Perception with Cochlear Implants Through Digital Audio Streaming in a Virtual Sound Booth: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Amy L. Stein ◽  
Michelle L. Hughes ◽  
Hayley R. Morris ◽  
Leonid M. Litvak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Room Acoustics ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objective For patients who have received cochlear implants (CIs), speech-perception testing requires specialized equipment. This limits locations where these services can be provided, which can introduce barriers for provision of care. Providing speech test stimuli directly to the CI via wireless digital audio streaming (DAS) or wired direct audio input (DAI) allows for testing without the need for a sound booth (SB). A few studies have investigated the use of DAI for testing speech perception in CIs, but none have evaluated DAS. The goal of this study was to compare speech perception testing in CI users via DAS versus a traditional SB to determine if differences exist between the two presentation modes. We also sought to determine whether pre-processing the DAS signal with room acoustics (reverberation and noise floor) to emulate the SB environment would affect performance differences between the SB and DAS. Design In Experiment 1, speech perception was measured for monosyllabic words in quiet and sentences in quiet and in noise. Scores were obtained in a SB and compared to those obtained via DAS with unprocessed speech (DAS-U) for 11 adult CI users (12 ears). In Experiment 2, speech perception was measured for sentences in noise, where both the speech and noise stimuli were pre-processed to emulate the SB environment. Scores were obtained for 11 adult CI users (12 ears) in the SB, via DAS-U, and via DAS with the processed speech (DAS-P). Results For Experiment 1, there was no significant difference between SB and DAS-U conditions for words or sentences in quiet. However, DAS-U scores were significantly better than SB scores for sentences in noise. For Experiment 2, there was no significant difference between the SB and DAS-P conditions. Similar to Experiment 1, DAS-U scores were significantly better than SB or DAS-P scores. Conclusions By pre-processing the test materials to emulate the noise and reverberation characteristics of a traditional SB, we can account for differences in speech-perception scores between those obtained via DAS and in a SB.

The Effects of Diminished Reality on the Detection of and Response to Notifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Khalaeb Richardson ◽  
Anne Collins McLaughlin ◽  
Mitchell McDonald ◽  
Aaron Crowson
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Display System ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Cognitive Aids ◽  
Auditory Distractions ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Better Than

Many environments contain visual and auditory distractions. Cognitive aids help limit these distractions, support attention, and improve task performance. One way this is done is by adding information to the environment via Augmented Reality (AR). Attention may also be supported by removing distractors using Diminished Reality (DR), a form of AR that computationally erases, de-emphasizes, or otherwise diminishes external stimuli. However, there was no research investigating the design of the control and display system for DR technology and the question of how to redirect or gain someone’s attention when their environment is diminished had not been addressed. This study explored the acceptability and effectiveness of notifications with varying attributes and fills that gap in research. Results indicated that low specificity notifications in a diminished environment are rated as being subjectively better than notifications of other formats; low specificity messages were also recalled at a greater rate.

Reliability of Threshold, Slope, and PB Max for Monosyllabic Words

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall C. Beattie ◽  
Michael J.M. Raffin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Binomial Theorem ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Impaired Group ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Single List

The Auditec recordings of the CID W-22 monosyllables were used to generate test and retest intelligibility functions on normally hearing listeners and subjects with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The normally hearing subjects were tested with 50-word lists at SPLs ranging from 15 to 50 dB. Lists of 25 words were used with the hearing-impaired group. The functions were analyzed to assess the reliability of threshold (50% point), slope (20%–80% points), and maximum intelligibility (PB max). The 50% point was obtained at 28 dB SPL for the normally hearing listeners and at a sensation level (SL) of 12 dB re spondaic thresholds for the hearing-impaired group. Very stable monosyllabic thresholds were found because 95% of the test-retest values were within 6 dB for both subject groups. Slopes of 4.9% per dB and 2.7% per dB were obtained for the normally hearing and hearing-impaired groups, respectively. Fair reliability was observed; 95% of the test-retest values encompassed a range of ± 1.9% per dB for the normally hearing subjects and ± 1.1% per dB for the hearing-impaired group. Although group slopes provide useful information for selecting the range and step size for generating psychometric functions, the value of routinely obtaining slope on an individual basis has not been demonstrated. Even though the same word lists were used for both test and retest measurements, reliability closely agreed with predicted results based on the binomial theorem. In contrast to the large variability for a single list of 25 words, very stable PB max scores were found when two or three scores were averaged on the plateau of the function.

Effect of Conditioning Parameters on Surface Non-Uniformity of Polishing Pad in Chemical Mechanical Planarization

2008 ◽  
Vol 389-390 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
N. Qin ◽  
Dong Ming Guo ◽  
Ren Ke Kang ◽  
Feng Wei Huo
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Stringent Requirement ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Polishing Pad ◽  
Kinematical Model ◽  
Better Than

The calculating model of surface non-uniformity of polishing pad and the kinematical model between polishing pad and conditioner are initially established. Then the effects of several conditioning parameters were investigated by using the two models. The results of simulation and calculation show that the width ratio of diamond band of conditoner and the rotation speed at the same speed ratio between pad and conditioner have little effect on the surface non-uniformity of polishing pad, while at high non-integer rotation speed ratio, the surface non-uniformity of polishing pad is better than that at low integer speed ratio. The research results are available to select appropriate conditioning parameters especially for the stringent requirement of within-wafer non-uniformity in next generation IC.

Laboratory Triaxial Test Study on Soil Reinforced with Roots of Manilagrass

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1366-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Fu Liu ◽  
Xiang Ru Yang ◽  
Xin Yu Xie ◽  
Chang Fu Wu ◽  
Yong Hai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Triaxial Test ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Optimal Quantity ◽  
Better Than

Laboratory triaxial tests of the soil reinforced with roots of Manilagrass were carried out in order to understand the stress-strain relationship. The change of shear strength indexes of the soil reinforced with roots of Manilagrass was investigated with the quantity of grassroots planted in the soil specimens. The results of laboratory triaxial tests show that the strength and capacity for resisting the deformation of soil reinforced with roots are better than those of unreinforced soil. And under the certain number of grassroots layers, the strength and capacity for resisting the deformation of soil reinforced with roots increase firstly and then reduce with the increasing of Manilagrass roots quantity. In other words, there is an optimal quantity of Manilagrass roots affecting the strength and capacity for resisting the deformation of soil reinforced with roots. The research results are important for understanding the mechanism and use of vegetation protection for slope.

scholarly journals The Elements of Executive Attention in Top Soccer Referees and Assistant Referees

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Pietraszewski ◽  
Robert Roczniok ◽  
Anna Maszczyk ◽  
Paweł Grycmann ◽  
Tomasz Roleder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
National Level ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare executive attention of top soccer referees and assistant referees at different levels of professional attainment. The sample consisted of 53 subjects (FIFA and national level) - 30 referees and 23 assistant referees. Executive attention of assistant referees was significantly better than the referees’ (p<0.01). Furthermore, extraclass and international referees demonstrated better executive attention than the first-league referees (p<0.01). The research results have proved that referees’ executive attention differs depending on their function and professional level, as well as indicated that the quality of abilities may influence the number and correctness of decisions made during a game. This elementary cognitive process may be strongly shaped by individual’s experience and age. This finding may be instrumental in screening referees and developing criteria for recruiting future referees.

scholarly journals Multiresolution Cochleagram Speech Enhancement Algorithm Using Improved Deep Neural Networks with Skip Connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
chaofeng lan ◽  
Chundong Liu ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Speech Enhancement ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
Minimum Mean Square Error ◽  
Spectral Amplitude ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Low Snr ◽  
Input Feature ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Deep learning based methods have been a recent benchmark method for speech enhancement. However, these approaches are limited in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) conditions, for speech loss and low intelligibility. To address this problem, we improve Multi-Resolution Cochleagram (MRCG), and gammachirp filter bank is used to decompose the speech signal in time and frequency, and the low-resolution signal is denoised by the minimum mean-square error short-time spectral amplitude estimator (MMSE-STSA). Improve Multi-Resolution Cochleagram (I-MRCG) is adopted as the input feature of Skip connections-DNN (Skip-DNN). In this paper, the source to distortion ratio (SDR) is used in the training process, and the logarithm is introduced to observe the iterative process more clearly. Experiments were performed on the TIMIT database with four noise types at four levels of SNR. I-MRCG as the input feature of the Skip-DNN model, the average PESQ is 2.6783, and the average STOI is 0.8752. Compared with MRCG, the PESQ and STOI obtained by MRCG are increased 1.4% and 1.5%, respectively. This shows that MRCG is the input feature of the Skip-DNN model, and the speech enhancement effect after training is better than other features. It can not only solve the problem of speech loss in a low SNR environment, but also obtain more robust speech enhancement. The loss function experiment shows that compared to MSE and SDR, the improved SDR as the loss function of the speech enhancement model has the best enhancement effect.

scholarly journals How to Effectively and Efficiently Communicate Research Results? Experimental Study on the Influence of Interactivity and Presentation form on Knowledge Transfer and Cognitive Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Andreas Krämer ◽  
Sandra Böhrs ◽  
Susanne Ilemann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Emotional Appeal ◽  
Learning Success ◽  
Interaction Factor ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
Subjective Learning ◽  
Better Than

When it comes to presenting research results, the usual approach is to use PowerPoint or similar slide applications, or to opt for alternative presentation tools. A central question is how well the knowledge is transferred and to what extent the target audience is addressed emotionally. Based on a 2*2 factorial design, the effects of presentation form (PowerPoint slide presentation vs. explainer video) and interaction (no interaction vs. interaction by means of additional questions on the topic) were investigated. Overall, the presentation factor is more important for learning success than the interaction factor and explainer videos perform significantly better than the PowerPoint presentation. This applies to the objective and subjective learning success, but also to the emotional appeal and the increase in engagement, interest and other cognitive activities. The effects of the interaction factor are relatively low, achieving minor improvements in combination with the PowerPoint presentation, while no statistically significant and relevant effects were found in combination with the explainer video.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATAKULIAH STATISTIKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Ribka Kariani Br Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. This study aims to find out what cooperative learning method is most effective in improving students’ activity and motivation in Statistics subject. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK). The subjects of this study are the 5th semester students of PGSD Study Program with total number 35 students. Instruments used consist of: (1) Observation sheet of learning implementation; (2) Observation sheet of students’ activity in learning with assessment on students’ oral activities, visual activities, listening activities, writing activities and emotional activities; (3) Observation sheets of group effectiveness with assessment on the efficiency aspects of problem solving and member participation; (4) Questionnaire of motivation to find out to which extent the learning can improve student's motivation which is seen from the students perception of their satisfaction in learning. The research results show that when PBM learning model is used in cycle 1 and Jigsaw learning model is used in cycle 2, Jigsaw is better than PBM learning model.Keywords: Problem-based learning model, Jigsaw Learning Model, activity and learning motivation.

scholarly journals Study on Mechanical Behavior of Aging Asphalt Based on Composite Regeneration and Modification

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haitao Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Zuoqiang Liu ◽  
Quansheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Performance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Although the aging asphalt and its regeneration were researched by many researchers, the poor low-temperature performance of regenerating asphalt has still not been solved yet. In this project, the composite technology of regeneration and modification will be used to solve the problem mentioned above. Through the investigation and analysis on the composite mechanism of regeneration and modification for aging asphalt, the objective of the project attempts to explore a method for the synchronized recovery of high- and low-temperature performance of aging asphalt. The research results show that the single regenerating technology cannot fully recover the low-temperature performance of aging asphalt, and the composite technology of regeneration and modification can make the performance of aging asphalt recovery well. The indexes of aging asphalt after composite regeneration and modification have been recovered, which are better than the indexes of 90# asphalt (25°C penetration is 80–100/0.1 mm) and close with the indexes of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt. The project has demonstrated that the composite technology of regeneration and modification can make the high- and low-temperature performance of aging asphalt recovery well. The research results can obtain better economic and social benefits.

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