Role of Factor Xiii Val 34 Leu Polymorphism in Patients with Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Iniesta ◽  
J Corral ◽  
R González-Conejero ◽  
A Díaz Ortuño ◽  
ML Martínez Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Specific Restriction ◽  
A Chain ◽  
And Control

At present, it is contradictory to determine if the combination of certain prothrombotic polymorphisms and migraine increases the risk to develop ischaemic cerebrovascular disease. Recently, the common Val34Leu polymorphism of the A-chain factor XIII gene, associated with variations in factor XIII activity, has been suggested to play a significant role in the development of arterial and venous thrombotic disorders. We analysed the prevalence of this polymorphism in 17 patients with coexisting ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and migraine (5 with aura, and 12 without aura), 89 patients with migraine (43 with aura, and 46 without aura), 116 patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, and 467 healthy Caucasian controls from the South of Spain. Genomic PCR amplification, using a mutated oligonucleotide, and allele-specific restriction assays were used for genotyping. The factor XIII Leu 34 variant was present in 47.1; 40.5; 34.9; and 35.1% of patients with coexisting ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and migraine, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, migraine, and control subjects, respectively. These data suggest that the factor XIII Leu 34 allele does not play a protective role against these disorders in our population.

A New Case Of Dysfibrinogenemia : Isolation Of The Abnormal, Unclottable Fibrinogen Population

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jandrot-Perrus ◽  
M H Aurousseau ◽  
F Josso
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Elution Volume ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
A Chain ◽  
And Control

In a 81-year-old healthy woman, gross abnormalities of fibrin formation in routine tests led to the discovery of a dysfibrinogenemia.Abnormal and control fibrinogens were purified in parallel using precipitation by glycine (Kazal) ; final clottability was 95-98 % for the control and 50 % for the patient’s fibrinogen. Electrophoretic behaviour of the fibrinogen momecule, the three chains and the products of fibrin cross-linking by factor XIII a was normal. Functional studies gave the following results : (i) delayed coagulation by thrombin, Reptilase and Venacil with gross abnormalities of the clot; (ii) inhibition of coagulation of normal fibrinogen ; (iii) poor fibrin monomer aggregation (opacimetry) ; (iv) delayed fibrinogen proteolysis by plasmin (SDS-PAGE) . Release of fibrinopeptide A by thrombin was incomplete (RIA).Fibrinogen NH2-terminal residues were found normal, but the presence of ALA-residue in fibrin clot and in the supernatant showed that part of fibrinogen was not clotted, either copolymerized with fibrin or remaining in solution. Gel filtration of the supernatant showed the presence of both soluble complexes and fibrinogen characterized by the elution volume of the peak and NH2-terminal analysis. This fibrinogen population was unclottable by thrombin and inhibited clotting of normal fibrinogen.These preliminary results suggest the existence of a defect on the A-a chain of this abnormal fibrinogen which was called fibrinogen Bondy.

Effects of Bezafibrate on Low HDL-Cholesterol in Patients with Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Pilot Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Noring ◽  
K G Kjellin ◽  
H Ledermann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agent

Bezafibrate is a new lipid-lowering agent that quite consistently increases low HDL-cholesterol values in hyperlipoproteinaemic patients. The possible role of HDL-cholesterol as an anti-atherogenic factor has been frequently discussed, mainly in patients with ischaemic heart disease but recently also in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD). This is the first pilot study in six selected patients suffering from ICD who had at the same time low HDL-cholesterol values (< = 1.1 mmol/l) with otherwise normal lipids. After a wash-out period of 2 months duration these patients were treated with 200 mg bezafibrate t.i.d. for 2 months. They were then followed up for another 8 months. Bezafibrate therapy increased HDL-cholesterol (range 45–130%). Eight months after cessation of therapy five patients have returned to pathologically low HDL-levels and the sixth patient also has a relatively low value of 1.2 mmol/l. This small preliminary study cannot, however, provide evidence about the possible beneficial role of increasing HDL-cholesterol in patients with ICD. Further investigations are therefore in progress.

RAPID FORMATION OF LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT O-P0LYMERS IN CROSSLINKED FIBRIN INDUCED BY HIGH FACTOR XIII CONCENTRATIONS: ROLE OF PLATELET FACTOR XIII.

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Francis ◽  
V J Marder
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Factor Xiiia ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Polymer Formation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sequential Addition ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
A Chain

Following fibrin polymerization, activated factor XIII stabilizes the clot by catalyzing the formation of specific intermolecular covalent crosslinks between pairs of y chains to form dimers and also among two or more a chains to form polymers. We have identified a series of previously uncharacterized a chain polymers with a wide range of sizes, including some with apparent Mr in excess of several million. Additionally, we establish the role of high concentrations of factor XIII in the extent and rate of α-polymer formation and provide evidence that the factor XIII required can be provided by platelets. Using SDS gel electrophoresis, we find that fibrin prepared from purified fibrinogen or from platelet-deficient plasma contains a series of 21 factor XIIIa crosslinked a chain polymers with Mr from 140,000 to 770,000. The mean Mr difference between individual polymers of 32,000 is consistent with a staggered, overlapping sequential addition of monomers to the growing α-polymer chain. In plasma containing no platelets, α-polymer formation was incomplete with residual α-monomer remaining. Progressively higher platelet counts facilitated more rapid crosslinking of a chains into larger polymers. Intact platelets were not required to promote crosslinking, since platelets lysed by freezing and thawing were also effective. Enrichment of plasma with placental factor XIII in an amount equal to that contained in platelets was as effective as platelets in accelerating the rate of formation and increasing the size of α-chain polymers. We conclude that platelets are a principal source of factor XIII for maximal fibrin stabilization, providing a larger quantity than is available from plasma alone and regulating both the rate and extent of α-polymer formation in thrombi or hemostatic plugs at sites of vascular injury.

The Role of Trust and Control Institutions in Informal Monetary Transactions

2012 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
A. Lyasko
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Developing Markets ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Continuous Reproduction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Financial Arrangements ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
And Control

Auxiliary institutions fail to perform the function of protecting economic agents trust in the liquidity of various monetary obligations. Still, despite these conclusions, there exist some forms of monetary arrangements that seemingly demonstrate a high level of trust among their participants. The durability and continuous reproduction of these monetary arrangements in both developing markets and mature economies need to be explained. Part of this explanation has to address the question of trust arising among the parties to these financial transactions and its role in preventing opportunism and breach of promises made by their participants. As shown in this paper, a possible answer to this question might consist in the argument that the protective role of trust in these financial arrangements is replaced by the opposite norm of control over the agents behavior within close-knit social and economic communities. The degree of control may vary, but control always crowds out trust in order to add reliability to these financial setups.

scholarly journals How to Determine the Role of an Additive on the Length of Supramolecular Polymers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Weyandt ◽  
Mathijs F. J. Mabesoone ◽  
Lafayette N. J. de Windt ◽  
E. W. Meijer ◽  
Anja R. A. Palmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Supramolecular Polymers ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Molecular Weight Control ◽  
A Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Supramolecular Polymerization

In polymer chemistry, modulation of sequence and control over chain length are routinely applied to alter and fine-tune the properties of covalent (co)polymers. For supramolecular polymers, the same principles underlying this control have not been fully elucidated up to this date. Particularly, rational control over molecular weight in dynamic supramolecular polymers is not trivial, especially when a cooperative mechanism is operative. We start this review by summarizing how molecular-weight control has been achieved in seminal examples in the field of supramolecular polymerizations. Following this, we propose to classify the avenues taken to control molecular weights in supramolecular polymerizations. We focus on dynamic cooperative supramolecular polymerization as this is the most challenging in terms of molecular weight control. We use a mass-balance equilibrium model to predict how the nature of the interaction of an additive B with the monomers and supramolecular polymers of component A affects the degree of aggregation and the degree of polymerization. We put forward a classification system that distinguishes between B acting as a chain capper, a sequestrator, a comonomer, or an intercalator. We also highlight the experimental methods applied to probe supramolecular polymerization processes, the type of information they provide in relation to molecular weight and degree of aggregation, and how this can be used to classify the role of B. The guidelines and classification delineated in this review to assess and control molecular weights in supramolecular polymers can serve to reevaluate exciting systems present in current literature and contribute to broaden the understanding of multicomponent systems.

scholarly journals Tbet expression by Tregs is needed to protect against Th1-mediated immunopathology during Toxoplasma infection in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Warunek ◽  
Richard M Jin ◽  
Sarah Blair ◽  
Matthew R Garis ◽  
Brandon J Marzullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
And Control

T. gondii infection has proven to be an ideal model to understand the delicate balance between protective immunity and immune-mediated pathology during infection. Lethal infection causes a collapse of Tregs mediated by loss of IL-2, and conversion of Tregs to IFNγ producing cells. Importantly, these Tregs highly express the Th1 transcription factor Tbet. To determine the role of Tbet in Tregs, we infected Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre and control Foxp3YFPCre mice with the type II strain of T. gondii, ME49. The majority of Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice succumb to a non-lethal acute infection. Notably, parasite burden is comparable between Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre and Foxp3YFPCre control mice. We found that Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice have significantly higher serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα, suggestive of a heightened immune response. To test if CD4+ T cells were driving immunopathology, we treated Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice with anti-CD4 depleting antibody and partially rescued these mice. Broad spectrum antibiotic treatment also improved survival, demonstrating a role for commensal flora in immunopathology in Tbx21f/f-Foxp3YFPCre mice. RNA-seq analysis reinforced that Tbet regulates several key cellular pathways, including chromosome segregation, cytokine receptor activity and cell cycle progression, that help to maintain fitness in Tregs during Th1 responses. Taken together, our data shows an important role for Tbet in Tregs in preventing lethal immunopathology during Toxoplasma gondii infection, further highlighting the protective role of Treg plasticity to self and microbiota.

Effect of supplemental cover on survival of snowshoe hares and cottontail rabbits in patchy habitat

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1357-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Cox ◽  
Robert A. Garrott ◽  
John R. Cary
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Sylvilagus Floridanus ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Patchy Habitat ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
And Control

We examined mortality patterns of sympatric snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) on sites with and without brush piles to evaluate the protective role of cover in the fragmented habitat typical at the range limits of both species. Treatment sites received ≥2 oak brush piles per hectare in August and September 1994. Leporids used a minimum of 56% of created brush piles, but we failed to detect a difference in survivorship between animals occupying treatment and control sites, suggesting that brush piles may not have served as effective refugia to leporids of either species. Coyotes (Canis latrans) killed leporids in understory cover similar in mean density to that of study sites, whereas raptor kills occurred in areas with sparser understory than the average for the study sites or at coyote kills. We concluded that other methods of habitat alteration may be more effective means of increasing numbers of snowshoe hares and cottontail rabbits.

scholarly journals AB0010 ASSOCIATION OF SAA1 GENE POLYMORPHISM -13T/C (RS12218) WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS IN RUSSIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1040.1-1040
Author(s):  
I. Guseva ◽  
K. Sakharova ◽  
M. Krylov ◽  
E. Samarkina ◽  
S. Erdes
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Background:Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Inflammation and high levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein are predisposing factors for secondary AA amyloidosis. The role of SAA1 gene polymorphisms in AS is not well understood.Objectives:To investigate the association of SAA1 gene polymorphism -13T/C (rs12218) with ankylosing spondylitis and to evaluate the influence of this polymorphism on SAA protein concentration.Methods:123 AS patients (72 males, 51 females; age - M (SD) 37.51 (12.77) years; disease duration - 14.28 (11.22) years; BASDAI – 5.59 (1.13); B27-positive - 111 (90.2%) pts) and 95 gender, age matched healthy individuals (control group) were included in this study. SAA1 gene polymorphism -13T/C was genotyped using allele-specific RT-PCR assay. SAA protein concentration was measured using nephelometry in AS patients.Results:The distribution of genotypes TT, TC and CC differed statistically between AS and control groups (24.4%, 56.1%, 19.5% and 41.1%, 44.2%, 14.7% respectively, χ 2=6.9, p=0.03).The presence of the C allele was associated with the development of AS (OR=1.55 [CI 1.04-2.33], p=0.03). The SAA1 -13T/C polymorphism tended to be associated with SAA protein value in AS patients: TT+TC genotypes -13.8 mg/l [4.2; 91.0], CC genotype -7.8 mg/l [1.6; 29.6], p=0.07. ESR, CRP and BASDAI values did not correlated with SAA1 - 13T/C polymorphism (p=0.6, p=0.4, p=0.4 respectively).Conclusion:The results of our study demonstrated for the first time that SAA1 gene polymorphism -13T/C (rs12218) is associated with susceptibility to AS. It is also shown that this polymorphism can affect the SAA protein level. Our findings need to be verified in AS patients with high levels of SAA protein in various ethnic and population groups.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals SARS-Cov 2 infection and anti-tuberculosis immunity: temporal association or real protective role?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMMI SANAA ◽  
BOURKIA MYRIEM ◽  
ADIL NAJDI ◽  
CHAHBOUNE RAJAE ◽  
RISSOUL KARIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Introduction: According to the literature consulted to date, there is epidemiological heterogeneity of covid 19 between countries depending on their vaccination policy, in particular BCG vaccination. These findings have led to several hypotheses, including the protective role of immunity induced by the BCG tuberculosis vaccine against Covid-19 infection. The immunity induced by the BCG vaccine significantly increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-1B, which has been shown to play an essential role in antiviral immunity. This cross-immunity, although not specific, if highlighted, is a real providence that must be taken advantage of in the face of this pandemic. The main objective of this study is to rule out or confirm that anti-tuberculosis immunity protects against SARS-COV 2 in our context. Materiel and methods: Two groups will be compared: cases infected with the virus and controls who have never been infected with the virus. Both case and control groups will undergo a tuberculin skin test: the intra dermal tuberculin reaction (IDR). Results: We found that our control group had a high IDR immunity value, with an IDR tuberculin positive percentage of 67.2%. This suggests that immunity to IDR is a protective factor against coronavirus disease. Conclusion: The hypothesis of nonspecific anti-tuberculosis protection deserves further verification studies; it would have large positive repercussions for developing countries.

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