scholarly journals The origin and evolution of the solar system

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1.12-1.19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Woolfson
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Origin And Evolution

scholarly journals Remotely distinguishing and mapping endogenic water on the Moon

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2094) ◽  
pp. 20150391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Klima ◽  
Noah E. Petro
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Lunar Interior ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Insight Into

Water and/or hydroxyl detected remotely on the lunar surface originates from several sources: (i) comets and other exogenous debris; (ii) solar-wind implantation; (iii) the lunar interior. While each of these sources is interesting in its own right, distinguishing among them is critical for testing hypotheses for the origin and evolution of the Moon and our Solar System. Existing spacecraft observations are not of high enough spectral resolution to uniquely characterize the bonding energies of the hydroxyl molecules that have been detected. Nevertheless, the spatial distribution and associations of H, OH − or H 2 O with specific lunar lithologies provide some insight into the origin of lunar hydrous materials. The global distribution of OH − /H 2 O as detected using infrared spectroscopic measurements from orbit is here examined, with particular focus on regional geological features that exhibit OH − /H 2 O absorption band strengths that differ from their immediate surroundings. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System’.

Precise positions of Triton in 2010–2014 based on Gaia-DR2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyan Zhang ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Dan Yan ◽  
Kai Tang ◽  
Rongchuan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Orbital Evolution ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Gaia Dr2

Abstract With unique orbital and physical characteristics, Triton is a very important target since it may contain information of the origin and evolution of the solar system. Besides space explorations, ground-based observations over long time also play key role on research of Triton. High-precision positions of Triton obtained from ground telescopes are of great significance for studying its orbital evolution and inverting the physical properties of Neptune. As a long-term observational target, Triton has been observed by the 1.56 m telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory since 1996. In this paper, based on our AAPPDI software and with Gaia DR2 as the reference catalogue, 604 positions of Triton during 2010-2014 are calculated, with standard errors of $19mas-88mas$. A comparison between our results and the ephemeris (DE431+nep096) is also given.

scholarly journals The Motions of Uranus' Satellites: Theory and Application

1979 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Richard Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
System Study ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Planets And Satellites

As spacecraft and sophisticated ground-based observations measure physical properties of many planets and satellites, dynamical theory and astrometry remain a principal source of such knowledge of the Uranian system. Study of the motions of Uranus' satellites thus has broad application to planetary studies as well as to celestial mechanics. Moreover, the structure and dynamics of the system provide important cosmogonical constraints; any theory of solar system origin and evolution must account for the formation within it of analogous systems of regular satellites.

scholarly journals Advances in Cosmochemistry Enabled by Antarctic Meteorites

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-258
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Wadhwa ◽  
Timothy J. McCoy ◽  
Devin L. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Lunar Meteorite ◽  
Planetary Bodies ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Melt Pockets ◽  
Scientific Advances

At present, meteorites collected in Antarctica dominate the total number of the world's known meteorites. We focus here on the scientific advances in cosmochemistry and planetary science that have been enabled by access to, and investigations of, these Antarctic meteorites. A meteorite recovered during one of the earliest field seasons of systematic searches, Elephant Moraine (EET) A79001, was identified as having originated on Mars based on the composition of gases released from shock melt pockets in this rock. Subsequently, the first lunar meteorite, Allan Hills (ALH) 81005, was also recovered from the Antarctic. Since then, many more meteorites belonging to these two classes of planetary meteorites, as well as other previously rare or unknown classes of meteorites (particularly primitive chondrites and achondrites), have been recovered from Antarctica. Studies of these samples are providing unique insights into the origin and evolution of the Solar System and planetary bodies. ▪  Antarctic meteorites dominate the inventory of the world's known meteorites and provide access to new types of planetary and asteroidal materials. ▪  The first meteorites recognized to be of lunar and martian origin were collected from Antarctica and provided unique constraints on the evolution of the Moon and Mars. ▪  Previously rare or unknown classes of meteorites have been recovered from Antarctica and provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the Solar System.

scholarly journals Abundances of hydrogen and helium isotopes in the Protosolar Cloud

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S268) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Geiss ◽  
George Gloeckler
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

AbstractFor our understanding of the origin and evolution of baryonic matter in the Universe, the Protosolar Cloud (PSC) is of unique importance in two ways: 1) Up to now, many of the naturally occurring nuclides have only been detected in the solar system. 2) Since the time of solar system formation, the Sun and planets have been virtually isolated from the galactic nuclear evolution, and thus the PSC is a galactic sample with a degree of evolution intermediate between the Big Bang and the present.The abundances of the isotopes of hydrogen and helium in the Protosolar Cloud are primarily derived from composition measurements in the solar wind, the Jovian atmosphere and “planetary noble gases” in meteorites, and also from observations of density profiles inside the Sun. After applying the changes in isotopic and elemental composition resulting from processes in the solar wind, the Sun and Jupiter, PSC abundances of the four lightest stable nuclides are given.

scholarly journals The Origin and Evolution of the Comets and Other Small Bodies in the Solar System

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Vsekhsvyatskij
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Meteor Streams ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Planetary Bodies

It has become evident that comets and other small bodies are indications of eruptive evolution processes occurring in many of the planetary bodies of the solar system. The total number of near-parabolic comets moving in the solar system is 1011 to 1012, but as many as 10 to 15 percent of them are leaving the solar system with hyperbolic velocities. Taking into account also the number of short-period comets that degenerate into asteroids and meteor streams, we have estimated the total number of comets formed during the lifetime of the solar system as 1015 to 1016 (and total mass 1029 to 1031 g). The investigation of comets and other small bodies enables us to evaluate the scale of the processes of cosmic vulcanism and the tremendous internal energy of the planets, that energy being derived from the initial stellar nature of planetary material.

Rotational properties of the retrograde object (468861) 2013 LU28

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Morales ◽  
Jose Luis Ortiz ◽  
Pablo Santos-Sanz ◽  
Monica Vara ◽  
Damya Souami
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Light Curve ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Rotational Period ◽  
Orbital Eccentricity ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Calar Alto

<p>Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) are thought to be among the least evolved Solar System objects, which retain information on the origin and evolution of the outer parts of it. They are located at far distances of the Sun, where the influence of our star is less dramatic than in the closer regions. Thus, these icy objects are extremely interesting bodies that hide plenty of information on the physical and dynamical processes that<br />shaped our Solar System.<br />We only know a few retrograde TNOs so far (e.g. 2008 KV42 [1], 2011 KT19 [2], 2004 XR190). One of the few known retrograde objects listed in the MPC database as a scattered disk object is 2013 LU28, which has a high orbital eccentricity (e = 0.95), a large semimajor axis (a= 181 AU) and a very high inclination (i = 125.4º). This exotic object is also classified as an “extended centaur”, because its perihelion at 8.7 AU moves it into the centaur region.<br />The physical properties of 2013 LU28, such as its rotational period and light curve amplitude, are unknown but can be revealed through photometry. With this aim, we observed this object during three observing runs on 2021 January and March using two telescopes, the 1.23 m telescope at Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain and the 1.5 m telescope at Sierra Nevada Observatory in Granada, Spain. From these observations we derived the first determination of the rotational light curve of 2013LU28 from which we derived its rotational period and its peak-to-peak light curve amplitude. The obtained amplitude turned out to be higher than the average amplitude of most TNOs, which points toward an elongated or a binary object. Other magnitudes, such as its absolute magnitude (H) were also derived. We will present and discuss preliminary results on all the above.</p> <p><br />Acknowledgements<br />The authors acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). P.S-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-    RTI2018-098657-J-I00 "LEO-SBNAF" (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). We are grateful to the CAHA and OSN staffs. This research is partially based on observations collected at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by Junta de Andalucı́a and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (IAA-CSIC). This research was also partially based on observation carried out at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada  (OSN) operated by Instituto de Astrofı́sica de Andalucı́a (CSIC).</p> <p>Bibliography<br />[1] B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, J.-M. Petit, M. L. N. Ashby, J. Parker, J. et al. ApJ 697:L91–L94, 2009<br />[2] Ying-Tung Chen , Hsing Wen Lin, Matthew J. Holman, Matthew J. Payne et al. ApJ 827:L24 (5pp), 2016</p>

The Atmosphere of Titan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena Coustenis
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
System P ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Main Component

Titan, Saturn’s largest satellite, is one of the most intriguing moons in our Solar System, in particular because of its dense and extended nitrogen-based and organic-laden atmosphere. Other unique features include a methanological cycle similar to the Earth’s hydrological one, surface features similar to terrestrial ones, and a probable under-surface liquid water ocean. Besides the dinitrogen main component, the gaseous content includes methane and hydrogen, which, through photochemistry and photolysis, produce a host of trace gases such as hydrocarbons and nitriles. This very advanced organic chemistry creates layers of orange-brown haze surrounding the satellite. The chemical compounds diffuse downward in the form of aerosols and condensates and are finally deposited on the surface. There is very little oxygen in the atmosphere, mainly in the form of H2O, CO, and CO2. The atmospheric chemical and thermal structure varies significantly with seasons, much like on Earth, albeit on much longer time scales. Extensive analysis of Titan data from ground, Earth-orbiting observatories, and space missions, like those returned by the 13-year operating Cassini-Huygens spacecraft, reveals a complex system with strong interactions among the atmosphere, the surface, and the interior. The processes operating in the atmosphere are informative of what occurs on Earth and give hints as to the origin and evolution of our outer Solar System.

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