scholarly journals Understanding the contribution of groove resonance to tire-road noise on different surfaces under various operating conditions

Acta Acustica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Julien Pinay ◽  
Yoshinori Saito ◽  
Christian Mignot ◽  
Frank Gauterin
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Resonance Contribution ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Rolling Noise

Reducing tire-road noise is now becoming more and more important during the tire development process. Tread profile randomization is used to avoid tonal components and reduce groove resonance noise. To better understand the groove resonance contribution to tire-road noise, we performed acoustic measurements on a test bench with two serial tires. We filled the grooves with acoustic foam to highlight the groove resonance’s contribution. We then varied the road surface, the tire load and the driving speed. In the end, we used a multiple linear regression to quantify the interaction between the varying parameters and the groove resonance noise. We show that groove resonance contributes an average of 1.7 dBA to the tire rolling noise of passenger car tires. Groove resonance noise also increases with the driving speed. While the tread pattern and the tire load are responsible for the spectral content of the groove resonance noise, the orientation of the road surface’s texture mainly influences the noise level of the groove resonance. The tire manufacturers should carefully consider these findings when developing noise-optimized patterns. This is especially true for tire approval tests, which take place on tracks and usually have a relatively low texture level that is oriented negatively.

Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Johannes Gültlinger ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Christian Brandau ◽  
Jan Schlittenhard ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

Using a Dynamometer Along With Road Tests to Measure Vehicle Rolling and Wind Noise

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Wentzel ◽  
Allan Aubert
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Interior Noise ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Sport Utility Vehicle ◽  
Wind Noise ◽  
Pickup Truck ◽  
The Road ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
Rolling Noise ◽  
Utility Vehicle

The consumer today places greater demands upon the vehicle acoustical engineer than in the past. Product quality has always been associated with a quiet ride. Automotive engineers recognize that the predominant sources of vehicle interior noise are wind, tire-road or rolling noise, and the powertrain. This paper suggests a test protocol for measuring wind and rolling noise using a chassis rolls dynamometer and road tests. Automotive engineers are frequently confronted by customer complaints concerning wind noise. Usually, engineers resort to using wind tunnels to address these concerns and to conduct diagnostic studies to remedy wind noise problems. Unfortunately, wind tunnels are expensive to rent and difficult to schedule. As an alternative, the engineer can learn a great deal about the wind noise of a vehicle by using a chassis rolls dynamometer along with road tests [1,2]. If the chassis rolls surface texture closely matches that of the road surface, the tire-road or rolling noise signal in both situations can be assumed to be equivalent. The powertrain noise source can be minimized by shifting the vehicle into neutral and coasting. Wind noise is a source for the road measurements, but not for the chassis rolls. Hence, the wind noise can be calculated by measuring the cab interior noise for both operating conditions, and subtracting the rolling noise measured on the chassis rolls. The two vehicles tested in this study included a pickup truck and a sport utility vehicle. The acoustical data revealed significantly different rolling and wind noise characteristics. The pickup truck had significantly louder rolling noise, and the wind noise was dominated by low frequency sound. The sport utility vehicle was much quieter overall and was significantly quieter for rolling noise than the pickup. The wind noise of the sport utility vehicle also was dominated by high frequency components. Both vehicles showed that rolling and wind noise trends increase linearly with speed. However, the slope of wind noise data for the sport utility vehicle was much steeper than the pickup, which suggested that it was more sensitive to wind noise as speed increased. Exterior noise data from both vehicles showed that the tire-road signal from the road differed significantly from that of the chassis rolls dynamometer. Rolling & wind noises will become even more critical as the motor vehicle industry adopts hybrid electric and, in the future electric fuel cell vehicles, because powertrain noise sources in the vehicle will likely be reduced. The procedure suggested here provides an inexpensive simple approach to assessing rolling and wind noise in the vehicle.

scholarly journals Monitoring trends in road surface impact on rolling noise emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3305-3311
Author(s):  
Dick Botteldooren ◽  
Wout Van Hauwermeiren ◽  
Karlo Filipan ◽  
Bert De Coensel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Rolling Noise

Road surfaces degrade over time due to heavy traffic and weather conditions, which negatively influences both driving comfort and acoustic properties. In addition, the lifetime of a road surface can be increased by performing cost-effective incremental maintenance and this maintenance becomes more expensive when the damages are more severe (cracks, potholes). Current methods such as CPX are performed in a standardized way (using designated equipment and tightly controlled measurement conditions), however budget constraints limit frequent monitoring of surfaces. Therefore, continuous monitoring using ordinary passenger vehicles could be helpful to observe trends in rolling noise emissions and road evenness. Hence, we deployed designated sensor boxes in a number of vehicles that are on the road for other purposes. In addition, advances in calibration of different devices using de-noising autoencoders alleviate the effect of various measurement conditions such as driving speed, braking, accelerating, and temperature. As our innovative methodology has now been on the road for several years, trend analysis becomes possible.

Experimental Evaluation of Turbo-Matching Appropriateness of B60J67, B60J68, A58N70 and A58N72 Turbo-Chargers for a Commercial Vehicle Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Badal Dev Roy ◽  
R. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Road Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
A Charge ◽  
All Speeds

The Turbocharger is a charge booster for internal combustion engines to ensure best engine performance at all speeds and road conditions especially at the higher load.  Random selection of turbocharger may lead to negative effects like surge and choke in the breathing of the engine. Appropriate selection or match of the turbocharger (Turbomatching) is a tedious task and expensive. But perfect match gives many distinguished advantages and it is a one time task per the engine kind. This study focuses to match the turbocharger to desired engine by simulation and on road test. The objective of work is to find the appropriateness of matching of turbochargers with trim 67 (B60J67), trim 68 (B60J68),  trim 70 (A58N70) and trim 72 (A58N72) for the TATA 497 TCIC -BS III engine. In the road-test (data-logger method) the road routes like highway and slope up were considered for evaluation. The operating conditions with respect various speeds, routes and simulated outputs were compared with the help of compressor map.

Hysteresis loss of ultra-large off-the-road tire rubber compounds based on operating conditions at mine sites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110155
Author(s):  
Shaosen Ma ◽  
Guangping Huang ◽  
Khaled Obaia ◽  
Soon Won Moon ◽  
Wei Victor Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hysteresis Loss ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Mine Sites

The objective of this study is to investigate the hysteresis loss of ultra-large off-the-road (OTR) tire rubber compounds based on typical operating conditions at mine sites. Cyclic tensile tests were conducted on tread and sidewall compounds at six strain levels ranging from 10% to 100%, eight strain rates from 10% to 500% s−1 and 14 rubber temperatures from −30°C to 100°C. The test results showed that a large strain level (e.g. 100%) increased the hysteresis loss of tire rubber compounds considerably. Hysteresis loss of tire rubber compounds increased with a rise of strain rates, and the increasing rates became greater at large strain levels (e.g. 100%). Moreover, a rise of rubber temperatures caused a decrease in hysteresis loss; however, the decrease became less significant when the rubber temperatures were above 10°C. Compared with tread compounds, sidewall compounds showed greater hysteresis loss values and more rapid increases in hysteresis loss with the rising strain rate.

Direct and Indirect Vibro-Acoustic Measurements for Road Noise NVH Predictions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zanarini ◽  
Filip De Coninck ◽  
Krzysztof Mendrok ◽  
Paul Sas
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Path Direction ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Structure Measurement ◽  
Reverse Path

This paper describes vibro-acoustic direct and indirect measurements for road noise NVH predictions from a complete car. Attention is devoted to the dynamic response of the structure and interior pressure field toward tire patch displacement inputs. The direct measurements exploited the Team Corporation CUBE™ high frequency 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) shaker recently installed at the KULeuven Vehicle Technologies Laboratory; the input was provided directly at the tire contact patch, while the responses were measured as accelerations and pressures on the structure. In the indirect measurements a low-mid frequency volume velocity source (LMFVVS) was used to acoustically excite the structure in the reverse path direction from the inside of the interior car cavity, while accelerations on the car and forces/torques where acquired by a 6-DOF dynamometer at the tire patch. From both types of excitations Frequency Response Functions (FRF) were calculated in the frequency range [0–500 Hz]. The non-linearity of the full car system was investigated with different direct and indirect measurement tests, in order to assess the feasibility of the reciprocity principle in such a complex structure. Measurement set-ups, results and comparisons are described and discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Modeling and controller design for an experimental test bench for aircraft actuators

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401881536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Xiaogang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Test ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Ground Testing ◽  
Experimental Test Bench

The reliable and repeatable experimental ground testing of aircraft actuator is an essential phase before flight testing. It is not an easy task to simulate the alternating aerodynamic forces on actuators reasonably and accurately in a laboratory. In this article, an experimental test bench is designed to simulate the aerodynamic forces by a hydraulic actuator, which replicates the operating conditions that the actuator will encounter in service. In order to improve the force control performance, a feed-forward compensator and a fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative controller are designed. Both simulation and experimental results show that the designed method can improve the control performance.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of the Process of Friction in the Working Elements of a Car Braking System at Different Degrees of Wear

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borawski
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System

Abstract Among the many elements of a modern vehicle, the braking system is definitely among the most important ones. Health, and, frequently, life, may rest upon the design and reliability of brakes. The most common friction pair used in passenger cars today is a disc which rotates with the road wheel and a cooperating pair of brake pads. The composite material of the pad results in changing tribological properties as the pad wears, which was demonstrated in experimental studies. The change is also facilitated by the harsh operating conditions of brakes (high and rapid temperature changes, water, etc.). This paper looks into how changing tribology reflects on the heating process of disc and pads during braking. And so a simulation study was conducted, as this method makes it possible to measure temperature in any given point and at any time, which is either impossible or extremely difficult in real life conditions. Finite element method analyses were performed for emergency braking events at various initial speeds of the vehicle reflecting the current road speed limits.

scholarly journals Pavement State Recognition Method Considering Slope

2021 ◽  
Vol 2113 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
Xiuhao Xi ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Time Tracking

Abstract For the problem of road surface condition recognition, this paper proposes a real-time tracking method to estimate road surface slope and adhesion coefficient. Based on the fusion of dynamics and kinematics, the current road slope of the vehicle which correct vertical load is estimated. The effect of the noise from dynamic and kinematic methods on the estimation results is removed by designing a filter. The normalized longitudinal force and lateral force are calculated by Dugoff tire model, and the Jacobian matrix of the vector function of the process equation is obtained by combining the relevant theory of EKF algorithm. The road adhesion coefficient is estimated finally. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by analyzing the results under different operating conditions, such as docking road and bisectional road, using a joint simulation of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim.

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