scholarly journals Inheritance of seed size by hybrid populations of pea (F1, F2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00090
Author(s):  
Firzinat Davletov ◽  
Karina Gainullina ◽  
Fidan Safin

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the ancient and valuable high-protein leguminous cultures in the world. Breeding of new high-yielding cultivars is the main reserve to increase production of pea seeds. At the present time, intraspecific hybridization has a great importance in selection of new cultivars of pea. However, consistent patterns of inheritance of a number of economically valuable traits by hybrids are still insufficiently investigated. The objective of this research work was to study inheritance of seed size (1000-kernel weight) by pea hybrids of the first and second filial generations (F1, F2). The crossing and back-crossing (reciprocal crossing) were conducted. In our experiments, the first filial generation hybrids (F1) had a lower 1000-kernel weight than the large-seeded parental cultivars. Herewith the large-seeded genotype of the female parental cultivar had more influence on displaying of this trait in hybrids than of the male parental cultivar. In the second filial generation hybrids (F2) showed intermediate inheritance of seed size. The results of our experiments attest high efficiency of seed size selection in segregating generations of hybrids, obtained from crosses between cultivars carrying genes of seed size.

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
L. P. Zbrailova ◽  
E. V. Kartamysheva ◽  
T. N. Luchkina ◽  
A. S. Bushnev

Coriander is a multi-purpose essential oil plant that has various growing purposes: to obtain essential and fatty oils, to use it as a spice and a green herb. Coriander is a leader in the production and consumption of essential oils. The largest cultivation region in Russia is the Central Blackearth Region. The current work has shown the possibility to grow coriander in the conditions of the Rostov region and has revealed the best genotypes adapted to insufficient humidity. There have been studied 124 coriander collection samples according to various economically valuable traits. There has been presented a range of their variation by the growing season duration from 84 to 106 days, by the plant height from 42 to 80 cm, by yields from 26.5 to 250 g m2, by essential oil percentage from 0.56 to 2.15%, by oil content from 18.9 to 25.4%, by oil yields from 21.4 to 56.5 g/m2, by 1000-kernel weight from 5.2 g to 7.4 g. The paper also shows the conditions to form their greatest values. There have been identified the samples “K-298”, “K-259”, “K-284”, “K-272”, “K-179” with the most valuable set of economic features that can be revealed under various conditions. There have been selected the coriander samples “K-428”, “K-298”, “K-284”, “K-272”, showing high seed yields under free flowering and under isolators. There has been established a fruit formation coefficient (0.16–0.45) taking into account free flowering and insulators, and there have been selected the samples showing a lesser degree of oppression under insulators (with a fruit formation coefficient of >0.3).


2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
I S Ivanov ◽  
V N Zolotarev ◽  
S V Saprykin

Abstract In recent decades, a new fodder crop, festulolium, has become widespread in fodder production in Russia. (×Festulolium F. Aschers. et Graebn.).In this regard, an important task is the permanent creation of a line of varieties of festulolium, ensuring high efficiency of the use of this crop in various climatic and environmental conditions. Festulolium breeding has gained great importance in recent years as a means of combating climate change and increasing the efficiency of using perennial grasses to obtain high quality animal feed. The article presents material on the assessment of the initial material of festulolium in the steppe conditions of the Central Black Earth region. In recent years, 22 specimens have undergone a comprehensive assessment of festulolium in the collection and selection nurseries of the station. Of these, according to a complex of economically valuable traits, first of all - the productivity of green mass and seeds in arid conditions, 12 best were selected, which are further evaluated in order to create a new promising variety.


Author(s):  
Е. Шукис ◽  
С. Шукис

Просо посевное — одна из ценных продовольственных и кормовых культур. Его активное внедрение невозможно без научного сопровождения в области селекции. Особый интерес вызывают отборы по крупности семян, что существенно влияет на продуктивность. С целью выяснения результативности отбора крупнозёрных форм на ранних этапах селекционного процесса были заложены специальные опыты. В результате исследований выявлено, что в гибридных популяциях третьего поколения (F3) продолжалось расщепление по массе 1000 зёрен. У отдельных популяций этот признак по величине превосходил родительские формы. То же самое наблюдалось при анализе таких элементов структуры урожая, как размеры и озернённость метёлки, а также масса зерна. В первом поколении эти показатели, благодаря реализации эффекта гетерозиса, имели более высокие значения, во втором и в меньшей степени — в третьем поколении показатели продуктивности несколько снижались, и значительно возрастало разнообразие гибридов. В качестве объектов изучения использовались три гибридных популяции: Саратовское 10 × Барнаульское 80М, Саратовское 10 × Тувинское и Барнаульское 98П × Кр.з.кф. Разделение семян по фракциям на крупную и мелкую осуществляли с помощью продолговатых сит размером 1,5–1,7 мм, при этом соотношение фракций составляло 50:50 %, а масса 1000 семян у крупной фракции — от 7,1 до 7,9 г, у мелкой — от 6,3 до 6,9 г. В последующих поколениях проводили отборы линий, их оценку и браковку. После достижения относительной константности выделившиеся линии подлежали испытанию. В ходе исследований выявлено, что выделение крупной фракции в F3 позволяло сконцентрировать в гибридной популяции ценные генотипы и тем самым повысить эффективность отборов. Лучшей гибридной комбинацией при реализации селекционной программы оказалась комбинация Саратовское 10 × Барнаульское 80М. В её крупной фракции были выделены перспективные линии, сочетающие высокую продуктивность с крупнозёрностью, устойчивостью к пыльной головне и хорошим качеством крупы. Wide cultivation of common millet — valuable food and fodder crop —requires preliminary breeding data. Seed size selection is of great interest, since it is closely connected to productivity. The investigation evaluated the selection effectiveness of large-kernel genotypes at the early breeding time. Hybrid F3 populations showed segregation of 1000 kernel weight. Some populations exceeded their parental lines in this trait as well as in grain size, weight and content in crop head. F1 population gave higher trait values due to heterosis. F2 and F3 populations showed slight reduction in those values, and hybrid diversity significantly grew. Three hybrid populations were studied: “Saratovskoe 10” × “Barnaulskoe 80M”, “Saratovskoe 10” × “Tuvinskoe” and “Barnaulskoe 98P” × “Kr.z.kf.”. Seed fractionation into large and small seeds resulted in fraction ratio of 50:50 %. 1000 kernel weight of large grain varied from 7.1 to 7.9 g, the small one — from 6.3 to 6.9 g. Relatively stable lines of further generations were selected and tested. Large grains, chosen in F3 gave valuable hybrid genotypes, improving selection efficacy. The best hybrid combination was “Saratovskoe 10” × “Barnaulskoe 80M”. It produced promising lines, having high productivity, large kernels, resistance to kernel smut and good grain quality.


2018 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
T. M. Nikulina ◽  
D. P. Kurunina ◽  
E. S. Maslennikova

The results of the research work carried out during the period 2015-2017 are outlined. on the practical selection of pumpkin in the conditions of the Volgograd Transvolga. The results of studying the assortment of pumpkin varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in collection nurseries are presented. The most promising samples adapted to local soil and climatic conditions have high productivity (Sviteny, Chino, Marina di Chioggia, Silber Bell (USA), Kham (Laos), image (Spain), Local (Kazakhstan), Gribovskaya winter, Teshchenka , Zucchini Malchugan, and the quality of the fruit: (Chino, Chirimen nankin (Japan), Cachi JNTA (Argentina), Mantova Uyghur (Kazakhstan), Duchess, Vega F1, Sweetie, Pampushka, Green Warted Habbard (USA). A new hybrid material was obtained, an estimation of its productivity of consumer achestv, stability to bio- and abiotic factors. accessions selected promising superior standards major ecological and morphological and economically valuable traits. The characteristics of the best selected hybrid combinations are given in comparison with the standards. The most productive are hybrid combinations: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Sweet x Elegant, Local (Kirghizia) x Zorka, zucchini Mountain Anchor. The yield of these samples exceeds the standards by 13.3-92.2%. The quality of the fruit is distinguished by the hybrids: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Marina di Chioggia, Pampushka x Elegant, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Zaslavia x POOS6-07, Zorka x Oreshek, Altair x Elegant. The content of dry substances in the fruits of these samples is 2.0-8.8% higher than the standards.


2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 31301
Author(s):  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
Rida Farhan ◽  
Meriem Boutaldat ◽  
Marwane Rouway ◽  
Adil Eddiai ◽  
...  

Novel textiles have received a lot of attention from researchers in the last decade due to some of their unique features. The introduction of intelligent materials into textile structures offers an opportunity to develop multifunctional textiles, such as sensing, reacting, conducting electricity and performing energy conversion operations. In this research work nanocomposite-based highly piezoelectric and electroactive β-phase new textile has been developed using the pad-dry-cure method. The deposition of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) − carbon nanofillers (CNF) − tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Si(OCH2CH3)4 was acquired on a treated textile substrate using coating technique followed by evaporation to transform the passive (non-functional) textile into a dynamic textile with an enhanced piezoelectric β-phase. The aim of the study is the investigation of the impact the coating of textile via piezoelectric nanocomposites based PVDF-CNF (by optimizing piezoelectric crystalline phase). The chemical composition of CT/PVDF-CNC-TEOS textile was detected by qualitative elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). The added of 0.5% of CNF during the process provides material textiles with a piezoelectric β-phase of up to 50% has been measured by FTIR experiments. These results indicated that CNF has high efficiency in transforming the phase α introduced in the unloaded PVDF, to the β-phase in the case of nanocomposites. Consequently, this fabricated new textile exhibits glorious piezoelectric β-phase even with relatively low coating content of PVDF-CNF-TEOS. The study demonstrates that the pad-dry-cure method can potentially be used for the development of piezoelectric nanocomposite-coated wearable new textiles for sensors and energy harvesting applications. We believe that our study may inspire the research area for future advanced applications.


2020 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Sanatan Ratna ◽  
B Kumar

In the past few decades, there has been lot of focus on the issue of sustainability. This has occurred due to the growing concerns related to climate change and the growing awareness about environmental concerns. Also, the competition at global level has led to the search for the most sustainable route in the industries. The current research work deals with the selection of green supplier in a Nickle coating industry based on certain weighted green attributes. For this purpose, a hybrid tool comprising of Fuzzy AHP (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy) and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) is used. The Fuzzy AHP is used for assigning proper weights to the selected criteria for supplier evaluation, while VIKOR is used for final supplier selection based on the weighted criteria. The three criterions for green supplier selection are, Ecological packaging, Corporate socio-environmental responsibility and Staff Training. The outcome of the integrated model may serve as a steppingstone to other SMEs in different sectors for selecting the most suitable supplier for addressing the sustainability issue.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5256
Author(s):  
Daryoush Shafiei ◽  
Prof. Basavaiah*

In mulberry (Morus spp.), the process of selection of promising hybrids from F1 population requires the screening of a large number of progenies and a long period. To develop a simple and faster approach for screening, studies were conducted using F1 seeds of two crosses. The details of screening studies conducted in relation to seed-size and seedling-size are reported separately in two parts. In this part, the F1 seeds were size-graded as small, medium and large seeds; their progenies were raised separately and screened in nursery. There was a considerable degree of variation in size of seeds and medium-size class seeds were in high percentage in both the crosses. The length, width and weight of seeds were also varied between the seed size classes significantly in both the crosses. The seed size classes differ with high significance in shoot length and Root collar diameter and also differ significantly in root length and weight of seedlings. The positive correlation between the seed size and growth of seedlings, seed size and germination, seed size and seedling survival in nursery indicated that size-grading of seeds and rejection of small seeds in the beginning of screening process may help to increase the efficiency of screening by increasing the chances of getting superior hybrids from limited progenies. However, confirmation on the performance of large seedlings from small seed size class may help to draw conclusion. Hence, the studies are continued with size- grading of seedlings in the next part of screening study.


Author(s):  
Andre D. L. Batako ◽  
Valery V. Kuzin ◽  
Brian Rowe

High Efficiency Deep Grinding (HEDG) has been known to secure high removal rates in grinding processes at high wheel speed, relatively large depth of cut and moderately high work speed. High removal rates in HEDG are associated with very efficient grinding and secure very low specific energy comparable to conventional cutting processes. Though there exist HEDG-enabled machine tools, the wide spread of HEDG has been very limited due to the requirement for the machine tool and process design to ensure workpiece surface integrity. HEDG is an aggressive machining process that requires an adequate selection of grinding parameters in order to be successful within a given machine tool and workpiece configuration. This paper presents progress made in the development of a specialised HEDG machine. Results of HEDG processes obtained from the designed machine tool are presented to illustrate achievable high specific removal rates. Specific grinding energies are shown alongside with measured contact arc temperatures. An enhanced single-pole thermocouple technique was used to measure the actual contact temperatures in deep cutting. The performance of conventional wheels is depicted together with the performance of a CBN wheel obtained from actual industrial tests.


2011 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Yang ◽  
Da Fu Ni

Performance and working principle of high-efficiency multi-cyclone were analyzed, and the structural design shortage of original high-efficiency multi-cyclone was pointed out. Its structure was researched and designed, including determination of setting chamber and pipe number, selection of material and the design of cyclones.


Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Thomas Borgert ◽  
Werner Homberg

Modern forming processes often allow today the efficient production of complex parts. In order to increase the sustainability of forming processes it would be favorable if the forming of workpieces becomes possible using production waste. At the Chair of Forming and Machining Technology of the Paderborn University (LUF) research is presently conducted with the overall goal to produce workpieces directly from secondary aluminum (e.g., powder and chips). Therefore, friction-based forming processes like friction spinning (or cognate processes) are used due to their high efficiency. As a pre-step, the production of semi-finished parts was the subject of accorded research work at the LUF. Therefore, a friction-based hot extrusion process was used for the full recycling or rework of aluminum chips into profiles. Investigations of the recycled semi-finished products show that they are comparable to conventionally produced semi-finished products in terms of dimensional stability and shape accuracy. An analysis of the mechanical properties of hardness and tensile strength shows that a final product with good and homogeneously distributed properties can be produced. Furthermore, significant correlations to the friction spinning process could be found that are useful for the above-mentioned direct part production from secondary aluminum.


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