scholarly journals Selection of festulolium for the steppe conditions of the Central Black Earth region

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
I S Ivanov ◽  
V N Zolotarev ◽  
S V Saprykin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In recent decades, a new fodder crop, festulolium, has become widespread in fodder production in Russia. (×Festulolium F. Aschers. et Graebn.).In this regard, an important task is the permanent creation of a line of varieties of festulolium, ensuring high efficiency of the use of this crop in various climatic and environmental conditions. Festulolium breeding has gained great importance in recent years as a means of combating climate change and increasing the efficiency of using perennial grasses to obtain high quality animal feed. The article presents material on the assessment of the initial material of festulolium in the steppe conditions of the Central Black Earth region. In recent years, 22 specimens have undergone a comprehensive assessment of festulolium in the collection and selection nurseries of the station. Of these, according to a complex of economically valuable traits, first of all - the productivity of green mass and seeds in arid conditions, 12 best were selected, which are further evaluated in order to create a new promising variety.

scholarly journals Inheritance of seed size by hybrid populations of pea (F1, F2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00090
Author(s):  
Firzinat Davletov ◽  
Karina Gainullina ◽  
Fidan Safin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Filial Generation ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Reciprocal Crossing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Parental Cultivar

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the ancient and valuable high-protein leguminous cultures in the world. Breeding of new high-yielding cultivars is the main reserve to increase production of pea seeds. At the present time, intraspecific hybridization has a great importance in selection of new cultivars of pea. However, consistent patterns of inheritance of a number of economically valuable traits by hybrids are still insufficiently investigated. The objective of this research work was to study inheritance of seed size (1000-kernel weight) by pea hybrids of the first and second filial generations (F1, F2). The crossing and back-crossing (reciprocal crossing) were conducted. In our experiments, the first filial generation hybrids (F1) had a lower 1000-kernel weight than the large-seeded parental cultivars. Herewith the large-seeded genotype of the female parental cultivar had more influence on displaying of this trait in hybrids than of the male parental cultivar. In the second filial generation hybrids (F2) showed intermediate inheritance of seed size. The results of our experiments attest high efficiency of seed size selection in segregating generations of hybrids, obtained from crosses between cultivars carrying genes of seed size.

scholarly journals THE SELECTION OF THE INITIAL MATERIAL FOR VARIOUS DIRECTIONS OF MAIZE BREEDING ON THE BASIS OF MULTI-CRITERIA ESTIMATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
A. S. Ignatiev ◽  
A. G. Gorbacheva ◽  
I. A. Vetoshkina
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Weight Coefficients ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The purpose of the study is the application of the method of multi-criteria estimation to select the initial material of various direction of maize breeding. The studies were performed in the year of 2017–2018 in two different regions of trials, in the arid area of the ARC “Donskoy” (Zernograd) and in the moisture area of the All-Russian Research Institute of Maize (Pyatigorsk). 10 parental forms of maize hybrids ‘Alpha M’, ‘Almaz M’, ‘Avrora S’, ‘Milena M’, ‘Istok S’, ‘Mirt M’, ‘Malvina S’, Raduga S’, Maya M’, ‘Prestizh M’ used as testers in breeding programs were taken as initial material. The studied forms were characterized by a diversity in the value of their main economically valuable traits. Significant variability was identified in infertility of plants (V = 56.0%), smut infection (V = 46.4%) and fragility of a stem below a cob (V = 43.4%). Average variability was identified in grain productivity (V = 14.8–18.2%), drought resistance index (V = 10.5%), harvesting moisture of grain (V = 18.6%). The use of the complex of main economically valuable traits for the integrated assessment (SD), taking into account the specified contributions (Rk) and weight coefficients (Wi), made it possible to rank the initial material according to its value for various areas of selection. There have been identified the testers ‘Mirt M’, Maya M, ‘Istok S’ with the best integral values (SD = 2.63–5.65) for breeding on drought tolerance. ‘Istok S’, ‘Milena M’, ‘Avrora S’ (SD = 2.14–4.07) have been recommended as the testers in breeding programs to breed the varieties with low harvesting moisture of grain. There has been identified a universal tester ‘Istok S’ which is suitable for various directions of maize breeding. Thus, the multi-criteria estimation can be used in the breeding process to select initial material that meets the requirements of the planned breeding directions.

scholarly journals The role of perennial grasses in creating a sustainable feed base by conveyor use

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Pavlyuchik ◽  
A. D. Kapsamun, ◽  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
V. A. Tyulin ◽  
O. S. Silina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Wide Range

Currently, the most urgent task in improving the industry of feed production is the creation of green and raw materials conveyors, which will allow an uninterrupted supply of vegetable raw materials from early spring to late autumn for feeding farm animals and preparing high-quality feed. The research has shown that the most optimal time for mowing alfalfaclover-cereals mixtures with high fodder values is the budding phase - the start of flowering of legume grasses in the conveyor system with 10.6-15.2% of raw protein content in the crop. It was noted that the cultivation of meadow clover varieties of various ripening time mixed with a wide range of alfalfa and cereal grasses lead to the decrease in the effect of unfavorable weather conditions and to 15-20% increase in grass mixtures productivity. The article presents recommendations for the extension of the productive longevity of grass stands up to five years using mixtures with different ripening varieties of meadow clover and alfalfa with grass components of a new generation with productivity up to 32.8 t / ha of green mass.  According to the field test of 2013-2017, the article provides data on the green mass productivity of alfalfa-clover-cereals grass stands with the addition of early ripening varieties of grasses, which for two mowings averaged 29.4 t / ha in 2013-2014 and 30.1 t / ha in 2015-2017.  The methods of creating and using grass mixtures have been indicated, the best time for mowing has been defined by conveyor use of them in the Upper Volga region. The scheme of the green and raw materials conveyor with the use of differently ripening grass mixtures, consisting of new species and varieties of forage grasses of different periods of ripening, is given. It has been established that the use of legume-grass mixtures allows to obtain high-quality raw material for the production of bulk feed within 110-120 days, which acts as the way to increase the efficiency of fodder production. An expanded range of fodder grasses creates the conditions for improving the sustainability of fodder production in less dependence on extreme weather conditions. 

scholarly journals Characterization and Development of EST-SSR Markers in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hee Kim ◽  
Jun-Hoi Kim ◽  
Won-Sam Jo ◽  
Jung-Gwan Ham ◽  
Il Kyung Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Population ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World

According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the world population will increase to about 91 million (Asia 51 million, Africa 19 million). A rise in the world’s population means an increased need for food. However, climate change has caused desertification and unpredictable weather, creating problems in the supply and demand of food. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an alternative to solving the food problem, as it is one of the world’s most important food crops, especially in developing countries. The tuberous roots of sweet potato are usually used as staple food, animal feed, industrial material, or raw material for alcohol production. In the future, more variations of sweet potato will be needed for breeding this crop. Recently, molecular markers developed for sweet potato have demonstrated good potential for use in genetic selection. In this study, a cDNA library was constructed from the total RNA of sweet potato leaves. A total of 789 copies of the cDNA were cloned in Escherichia coli by employing the pGEM-T Easy vector. Sequencing was carried out by Solgent Co. (Korea). As many as 579 expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were designed (73.38%) from the known cDNA nucleotide base sequences. The lengths of the developed EST-SSR markers ranged from 100 to 499 bp (average length 238 bp). Their motif sequence types were varied, with most being dinucleotides and pentanucleotides, and the most commonly found motifs were CAGAAT (29.0%) and TCT (2.8%). Based on these SSR-containing sequences, 619 pairs of high-quality SSR primers were designed using WebSat and Primer3web. The total number of primers designed was 144. Polymorphism was evident in 82 EST-SSR markers among 20 Korean sweet potato cultivars tested and in 90 EST-SSR markers in the two parents of a mapping population, Yeseumi and Annobeny. In this study, the hexaploid sweet potato (2n = 6x = 90) EST-SSR markers were developed in the absence of full-sequence data. Moreover, by acting as a molecular tag for particular traits, the EST-SSR marker can also simultaneously identify information about the corresponding gene. These EST-SSR markers will allow the molecular analysis of sweet potato to be done more efficiently. Thus, we can develop high-quality sweet potato while overcoming the challenges from climate change and other unfavorable conditions.

HYDROPONICS IS A NEW PARADIGM AND A WAY OF FODDER PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
General Concept ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organic Product ◽  
Know How ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Hydroponics is a way of intensification and a new paradigm of fodder production: from adaptive plant growing to operated cultivation of green mass of the set property. In a review the precondition of introduction of the alternative high-quality green foods "know-how" in completely controllable conditions are presented. Terms and definitions of the general concept and separate parts of hydroponic forage are given. Hydroponics makes for every day providing animals with the adequate quantity of high-quality forage. The hydroponics of forages allows to cultivate ecologically pure and organic product commercially, within economically defensible expenses. The synergy is shown and examples of zootechnical and economic efficiency are resulted.

Phytocenotic selection of perennial grasses as a factor of increasing the productivity of mixed agrophytocenoses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Zolotarev ◽  
◽  
I.S. Ivanov ◽  
O.N. Lyubtseva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the analysis of data available in the literature and our own experimental material on phytocenotic selection of the stony stalk (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) the important role of competition between plants in the field for the creation of new varieties of perennial grasses that provide high yields of feed polyvid agrophytocenoses is shown.

Designing an Automated Composter for Food Waste Management with the Implementation of Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fakharulrazi ◽  
◽  
F. Yakub ◽  
M. N. Baba ◽  
L. F. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Handling Cost ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Composting food waste is a delicate procedure that requires specific infrastructure and machinery that can gradually transform the wastes to nutrient-rich manure. Nevertheless, it also desires a constant attention by experts to achieve a quality outcome. Therefore, automatic composting machinery is a promising new idea as modern technology is taking over the world with it high efficiency. The objective of this paper is to build a fully automated composting machine that can help to reduce food waste using a more efficient and environmentally friendly method. This machine has its special features of heating, cooling and grinding which is simple and easy to use for every consumer at just one touch of a button. In addition, it uses a special filter to eliminate unpleasant odor to ensure consumer’s space of mind. The composting process uses node microcontroller (MCU) to run its operation and Internet of Things (IoT) with a developed mobile application to measure the amount of food waste, current process and its moisture content before turning the waste into high nutrient flakes at around 10% of its original volume. It will also notify the consumer when the whole process is done and the final product is ready to use. The produced flakes are good for nurturing soils, use as fertilizer, and renewable source of energy or animal feed. The benefit is to help reduce handling cost of waste at landfill. Excessive logistical energy is required to send food waste to landfill if conventional equipment is applied. This product has a high potential to penetrate the end users who usually cooks at home and also the industrial food manufacturers whether from medium to large which produces a lot of raw waste. Essentially, this machine allows food waste, through implementation of IoT to be converted to usable fertilizer.

Dynamics of export potential of sunflower oil in Ukraine

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Vasylkovska ◽  
Olha Andriienko ◽  
Oleksii Vasylkovskyi ◽  
Andrii Andriienko ◽  
Popov Volodymyr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The analysis of the production and yield of sunflower seeds in Ukraine for the period from 2000 to 2019 was conducted in the article. The comparative analysis of the gross harvest of sunflower seeds and the export of sunflower oil for the years under research was carried out. The dependence of exports on gross harvest was revealed and its share was calculated. It was determined that the export of sunflower oil has increased over the years under research, which indicates a significant Ukraine’s export potential. It was found that the increase in the share of exports by 15.9% was made possible by a qualitative change in yield, that was ensured by the changes in the cultivation technology and by the selection of sunflower hybrids that are better adapted to climate changes. The recommendations for further improvement of cultivation technology in connection with climate change in order to further increase yields and the export potential of Ukraine were given.

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