scholarly journals Little-known medicinal plants with a widespectrum of pharmacological action under the conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00090
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Vasfilova ◽  
Tat’yana Vorob’eva
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Echinacea Pallida

Under conditions of introduction into the subzone of the southern taiga of the Middle Urals, species that are little known as medicinal plants in European countries and in Russia have been studied. These species have a wide spectrum of pharmacological action and are promising for use. Success of introduction was the most for Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze, A. scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze, A. urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Campanula rapunculoides L., C. latifolia L. These species are characterized by high winter hardiness, stable fruiting, give self-seeding, accumulate a sufficiently large biomass, are not damaged by diseases and pests.

scholarly journals Medicinal flora of the Middle Urals – a prospective source of obtaining medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Turyshev ◽  
V. D. Belonogova ◽  
A. A. Orlova ◽  
K. O. Sidorov ◽  
A. Yu. Skornyakova
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Medicinal Flora

Introduction. Medicinal plant raw materials are one of the most important sources of herbal remedies used both for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases [1, 2]. Even with the development of modern science and chemistry, medicinal plant raw materials are widely used in both folk and official medicine. The advantage of medicinal plants is their wide range of biological activity, low toxicity and the possibility of long-term use without significant side effects. Human economic activity has a noticeable negative effect on the condition of wild-growing plants: their stocks are decreasing, and some species disappear altogether. Today, given the high level of development of industry and agriculture, the procurement of raw materials for wild medicinal plants is not always possible. Information on the quantitative assessment of the raw material base of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals, the content of biologically active substances in medicinal plant raw materials is partially outdated, which determines the need for their systemic resource study and chemical-pharmacognostic study.Aim. Comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals.Materials and methods. Determination of stocks of raw materials of the studied species of medicinal plants was carried out on specific thickets according to the generally accepted method. The authenticity of the raw materials was established by a macroscopic method when collecting raw material samples. In the course of the study, samples of medicinal plant materials of 5 types were prepared. The determination and assessment of the main indicators of the good quality of medicinal plant raw materials (the content of active and extractive substances, moisture in the mass upon drying, total ash and ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid) was carried out according to the methods and requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV edition. In the raw materials Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba, the amount of extractives was determined by the gravimetric method. The quantitative assessment of the content of essential oil in the samples of Origani vulgaris herba and Tanaceti vulgaris flores was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation. To determine the quantitative content of the sum of flavonoids in Hyperici herba, Artemisiae absinthii herba, Leonuri herba and the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in Tanaceti vulgaris flores, a spectrophotometric method was used.Results and discussion. In the course of resource and phytochemical studies of representatives of the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals, a comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants – sources of medicinal plant raw materials (Origani vulgaris herba, Hyperici herba, Tanaceti vulgaris flores, Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba) was carried out. The results are included in the electronic inventory of wild medicinal plants of the Middle Urals.Conclusion. The conducted complex of studies will allow updating information about the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals in order to use raw materials for the creation of medicines.

scholarly journals Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray on industrial dumps of the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
M. A. Glazyrina ◽  
N. Yu. Barkova ◽  
N. V. Lukina ◽  
E. I. Filimonova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhiza ◽  
Southern Taiga Subzone ◽  
Vegetation Formation

The article presents the results of studying the coenopopulations of Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray (familyEricaceae Juss.) found during the monitoring of vegetation formation on the dumps of the mining and processing industryof the Sverdlovsk region (Middle Urals, southern taiga subzone). Studies have shown that the M. uniflora (family EricaceaeJuss.) coenopopulations in plant communities formed on industrial dumps and in natural phytocenosis are normal, fullfledged, young. The morphological parameters of generative individuals are significantly influenced by coenotic andedaphic factors. Arbutoid mycorrhiza was found in the thin roots of M. uniflora in all the studied habitats.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Macro- and Microelement Composition of Fly Ash from 50-Year-Old Ash Dumps in the Middle Urals (Russia)

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Maria Dergacheva ◽  
Valentina Trunova ◽  
Olga Nekrasova ◽  
Tatyana Siromlya ◽  
Anton Uchaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Microelement Composition ◽  
Element Accumulation

The paper considers the macro- and micro- element composition of two ash dumps in the Middle Urals, where meadow and forest communities have been spontaneously forming for 50 years, as well as the effect of the plants on the changing composition of the ash. Higher contents of Cu, Co, Sn, Ga, and Yb were found in the deep ash layers of both dumps, while in the upper 20-cm layer, the trace element composition depended on the influence of different plant communities. Higher contents of Sr, Cr, Ni, Sn, and Co were revealed under meadows, and Ba, Zr, and La were found under the forest. The levels of element accumulation in the aboveground and underground parts of dominant plants were revealed. Increased content of Be, Ce, Ga, La, Sc, Y, and Yb was detected in areas where meadow plants were dominant and Zn and Ba in forest areas. The toxic elements Cd and Pb were highly accumulated in both communities, whereas Co was found only in meadows. The studied materials can serve as a base to assess the feasibility of processing and/or utilizing fly ash from ash dumps in the Middle Urals and similar ash dumps in other regions situated in the southern taiga.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SOME GOOSEBERRY VARIETIES REGARDING ADAPTABILITYIN THE MIDDLE URALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
N.S. Yevtushenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Fruit Character ◽  
Crop Varieties

This paper discusses the observation data on 23 gooseberry varieties on 4 fruiting seasons (2016-2019) under the conditions of the Middle Urals. The varieties were evaluated in terms of adaptive and economic charac-ters: winter hardiness, frost resistance, productivity, drought resistance, and large-fruit character. The observa-tions and counts were carried out according to the “Pro-gram and methodology for the study of fruit, berry and nut-bearing crop varieties”. Two gooseberry varieties Berill and Avangard stood out with good adaptation to the Middle Urals and high levels of economic characters (freezing -up to 2.0 score points; average productivity -1.1-2.2 kg per bush; average fruit weight -3.6-3.8 g; low spinosity of shoots). The varieties Shershnevskiy, Seyanets Lefora, Eridan, Demidovskiy, Stanichniy, Kolobok, Kuybyshevskiy Chernoplodniy showed good adaptability; the maximum freezing was within 2.0 points; the general condition of plants at the end of study -4 points.Under good precipita-tion, the varieties Demidovskiy, Uralskiy Vinograd, Kolobok, Berill, Avangard and Serenada showed genetical-ly inherent large-fruit character (the average berry weight -over 5.0 g; the maximum -6.1-8.2 g).

scholarly journals ‘Tais’: a new pear cultivar for the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
G. N. Tarasova ◽  
L. А. Kotov ◽  
D. D. Telezhinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
The State ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Pear Cultivar ◽  
Variety Trials

Expanding the assortment through the development of new highly adaptable cultivars is the main task of pear breeding in the Middle Urals. The most significant agronomic traits are winter hardiness, high fruit yield, and good fruit quality. The zoned pear assortment for the Middle Urals includes six cultivars. Six more cultivars now undergo the State Variety Trials. One of them is the new pear cultivar ‘Tais’ (breeding number DL-33-104), the result of crossing Dyuymovochka × Zhanna d’Ark. Cv. ‘Tais’ has been in variety studies at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station (Yekaterinburg) since 2006. The new cultivar is characterized by good winter hardiness and productivity. The average yield at the age of 10–14 years is 9.42 tons per hectare, while the maximum yield is 19.81 t/ha. Fruits are yellow, with a good sweet taste, weighing 94 g. The content of dry matter is 11.9%, sugars 9.0%, and titratable acids 0.4%. According to the results of long-term research, the new pear cultivar ‘Tais’ was submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2017.

scholarly journals Promising breeding material of winter triticale in the conditions of the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
G.N. Potapova ◽  
N.N. Zezin ◽  
N.L. Zobnina ◽  
M.S. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The research was carried out in 2012-2018 in test sowings of the Ural Agricultural Research Institute– branch of the FSBSI Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the aim to obtain promising high-yielding, locally adapted breeding samples of winter triticale. We used interverietal hybridization and evaluation of hybrids F1-F4, selection and sowing of ears and plants in breeding nurseries. Evaluation of promising lines on plots of 5-10 m2 according to generally accepted methods. Breeding samples of winter triticale were obtained, the yield of which reached 6.8-7.0 t/ha and was 15-19% higher than the standard - Bashkirskaya korotkostevelnaya (5.9 t/ha). The winter hardiness of the best samples was at the level of 80-90 % and exceeded the standard (72 %) by 12-18 %. Samples were found that exceeded the standard by the number of grains in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the ear productivity and the content of raw protein in the grain. The selected hybrid samples are evaluated in a competitive test and propagated in isolated areas.

scholarly journals Sources of gray mold rot resistance in strawberries in the environments of the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Nevostrueva
Keyword(s):  
Female Parent ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Gray Mold Rot

Background. One of the most common diseases affecting garden strawberry fruits is gray mold rot. It is capable of destroying more than half of the fruit harvest in the wet seasons observed in the Middle Urals in recent years. Largesized marketable berries are the first to be affected. The disease does not entail the plant’s death, which is one of the probable reasons why this problem has not been studied much. Strawberry cultivars yielding firmer fruit are known to be less susceptible to gray mold damage, so they can be used as source material in breeding practice. There are few such accessions in the strawberry collection maintained at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station, and those available, being of foreign origin, demonstrate poor winter hardiness, thus precluding their use in crosses as female parents. An assessment of the damage inflicted by gray mold rot on strawberry fruit may help to identify promising source material where gray mold resistance would be combined with a set of other commercially attractive traits.Materials and methods. The evaluated material comprised 19 selected seedlings produced from crosses between source accessions that yielded berries of different firmness. Cv. ‘Festivalnaya’ served as the reference. The study was based on conventional techniques.Results and conclusions. As a result of the evaluation for gray mold resistance, seedling 2-45-10 (Solovushka × Dukat) was identified as a promising female parent. When compared with the reference, this seedling manifested winter hardiness, high yield, and large size of berries. Seedlings 2-54-11 (Amulet × Marmolada) and 3-45-10 (Solovushka × Dukat), with the response to freezing scored 2.0, may be involved in crosses as male parents. 

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