scholarly journals On methodology problems of developing innovative technologies taking into account anti-erosion measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Yurii Sukhanovskii ◽  
Anastasya Prushchik ◽  
Vladimir Vitovtov ◽  
Alexandr Titov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
World Population ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Innovative Technologies

The increase in world population and the decline in soil resources requires the increase in crop yields. Erosion and soil pollution are among the major threats to soil resources. With modern land use the rate of erosion exceeds the rate of soil formation. It is almost impossible to restore erosion soil loss. Soil pollution is a source of contaminated crop products and environment. In crop production innovative technologies are needed that must simultaneously solve three problems. The first problem is to ensure the necessary quantity and quality of crop products. The second problem is to preserve soil resources. The third one is to preserve the environment. In Russia, the increase in yields is mainly due to an increase in rates of mineral fertilizers, the use of plant protection tools and the use of varieties with a greater ability to utilize mineral fertilizers. In some regions of Russia, up to 70% of the arable land area is subject to water erosion of the soil. For the conditions of Russia, an analysis of the existing problems in assessing the long-term consequences of new technologies in crop production was carried out. Approaches have been proposed to solve some of the problems.

Application of Nanocompounds for Sustainable Agriculture System

2018 ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Priyanka Khati ◽  
Saurabh Gangola ◽  
Pankaj Bhatt ◽  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Considerable Concern ◽  
Future Population

Agriculture is one of the major determining forces for the economy of India. The burgeoning population also puts more pressure of the agriculture system. To meet the requirement for future population with little arable land and limited agricultural production, doubling of crop yields is required. Development of such production systems which depend on renewable resources is an urgent requirement for sustainable agriculture. New technologies are also required to be tested and tried for the improvement of the crop production system. Nanotechnology in agriculture system is the recent hope to make sustainable agriculture a success. A high proportion of the atoms in a nanoparticle are present on the surface of a nanoparticle which accounts for higher reactivity compared with particles of macrosize. On the other side, toxicity is also a considerable concern, but using nontoxic nanoparticles like nanozeolite, nanochitosan, and nanoclay is safe. These nanocompounds show advantages in crop production without harming the soil system.

ISSUES OF GREENING THE LAND USE SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
The Creation

Soil protection in agrolandscapes is especially necessary in conditions of intensification of production and increasing anthropogenic pressure on them. This complex should fit into the landscape farming system. The more intensive the load on the land in the farm, the higher the level of soil protection against destruction. The article notes that raising soil fertility, increasing crop yields and ecological environmental improvement are possible only on the basis of agrolandscape farming system, which allows to establish the correct ratio of arable land, meadows and forests. The transition to such a system of agriculture requires: development of a project for agrolandscape land management with a set of anti-erosion measures for each farm; adjusting the structure of sown areas taking into account market conditions, that is, increasing the area of productive crops in demand (winter and spring wheat, perennial grasses), which in combination with occupied and green manure pairs determine the structure of biologized crop rotation; widespread use of legumes (peas, vetch) as factors in the biologization of agriculture. The efficiency of expanding the area of perennial grasses to 25 % of arable land in some areas of the Non-Chernozem region and the Belgorod region is shown. Here, techniques that increase the efficiency of arable land are based on strict adherence to crop rotation with legumes, the use of adaptive varieties, and the use of biologized fertilizer and plant protection systems. It is noted that the creation of a system of shelterbelts makes it possible to reduce the cost of planting and growing them in comparison with single forest belts and what is very important for farmers is to sharply increase the return on their exploitation in the form of increased increases in crop yields. The creation of forest-sized landscapes will improve the environmental conditions for the cultivation of crops.

CERTIFICATION SUBSIDIZING AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
M A. Bryzgalina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
The Government

The demand for organic food is a prerequisite for the formation and development of organic agriculture, and the task of promoting it on domestic and foreign markets is among the priority ones. A serious problem in the sale of this category of goods to the domestic food markets of the country is the distrust of potential consumers. It is possible to solve this problem through certification and the use of a well-known brand. Certification of manufacturers of environmentally friendly products is a rather complicated and expensive procedure, therefore it is not available for most agricultural producers in the Saratov region. However, basing on the fact that today the task of developing the organic agriculture industry is set at the level of the government of the country, it is possible to solve this problem with the support of the state. The article examines the enterprises of the Saratov region of various legal forms, which do not use fertilizers and chemical means of crop protection in the production of crop production. Using the example of agricultural organizations and farms in the region, a mechanism for subsidizing certification of the most promising producers of organic wheat (winter and spring) is proposed, which includes the allocation of targeted subsidies for its implementation. As a criterion for the selection of applicants for this type of state support, as well as the distribution of budgetary resources between them, it is proposed to use the average indicator (potential) of the annual volume of organic production in the work. As a result, direct participants in certification subsidies were selected from the compiled sample of the studied enterprises that do not use chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers and the total annual volume of their marketable wheat was determined. The author determined the maximum cost of quality confirmation procedures for one enterprise, taking into account the increasing coefficients per one day of inspection, and also established the largest amount of budgetary resources that may be spent on the implementation of the proposed measure. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed certification subsidy mechanism, the author developed formulas for determining the selling price of products in the promising organic segment, taking into account its increase by the level of premium premiums.

scholarly journals THE TECHNOLOGY OF CO-CULTURING OF POTATOES WITH HONEY PLANTS AND PROSPECTS OF ITS TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Voiku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union

The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, which is designed to sowing in drills the seeds of honey crops (phacelia) in the furrow between potatoes at the time of the forthcoming closing of this furrow by soil, and can be used in agricultural engineering. Potential consumers of the proposed innovative technology in potato growing and the developed mounted seeder are farm enterprises and agricultural production cooperatives, which have small plots of land, use crop rotation systems in potato growing, and work for reducing costs and increasing the yield of potato cultivation.

Soil, water and crop management practices in the dryland farming regions of Turkey

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sefik Yesilsoy ◽  
Sabit Ersahin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Main Production ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

AbstractTurkey is experiencing pressure to increase crop production per unit area to achieve self-reliance in food supply. The main production concern before 1970 was to increase crop yields to meet the national consumption of an ever-increasing population. During this time the country's capability to produce wheat was insufficient to meet the national demand. After the initiation of the National Wheat Research and Extension Project in 1969 the objectives of wheat production methods were changed to achieve not only higher but more economical yields per unit area. As a result the total area sown to wheat increased by only 9% between 1969 and 1990, whereas yields and total production increased 75 and 90%, respectively. This was due to developing or importing high-yielding varieties adapted to dry areas, increasing use of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals, and timely use of proper tillage made possible with modem equipment. Transferring research results to farmers and exchanging information with international scientists led Turkish scientists to establish the new goal of developing ecologically sound farming systems that could achieve higher, more economical yields per unit area. The key to this approach is to maintain or increase soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Integrated application of drones for soil management and precision agriculture in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Agbakoba Augustine Azubuike ◽  
Ema Idongesit Asuquo ◽  
Agbakoba Victor Chike
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Information And Communication

The recent push for precision agriculture has resulted in the deployment of highly sophisticated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) gadgets in various agricultural practices and methods. The introduction of ICT devices has been linked to significant improvements in agricultural activities. These devices have been shown to enhance the optimal management of critical resources such as water, soil, crop and arable land. Again, ICT devices are increasingly attractive due to their flexibility, ease of operation, compactness and superior computational capabilities. Especially when in comparison to the mundane methods previously used by most small- and large-scale farmers. For instance, ICT devices such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) also referred to as drones, are increasingly being deployed for remote sensing missions where they capture high quality spatial resolution images. The data generated by these UAVs provide much needed information that aids in early spotting of soil degradation, crop conditions, severity of weed infestation and overall monitoring of crop yield variability. This enables farmers to acquire on-the-spot information that will enhance decision making within a short period of time, which will in turn contribute to reduction in running cost and potentially increase yield. It is safe to say that full potentials of drones are yet to be fully utilized in the Nigerian agricultural sector. This is due to several factors; most notably are the numerous challenges that accompany the introduction and adoption of much new technologies. Other factors; include high cost of technology, inadequate or total lack of skilled labour, poor awareness and low-farmer literacy. Therefore, this review work highlights the global progress recorded as a result of the recent application of drones for soil management and efficient crop production. Furthermore, key discussions surrounding the application of drones for precision agriculture and the possible drawbacks facing the deployment of such technology in Nigeria has been covered in this work.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stress Resistance Using Next Generation Techniques

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Messerer ◽  
Daniel Lang ◽  
Klaus Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
World Population ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Approaches To Study

Food security for a growing world population remains one of the most challenging tasks. Rapid climate change accelerates the loss of arable land used for crop production, while it simultaneously imposes increasing biotic and abiotic stresses on crop plants. Analysis and molecular understanding of the factors governing stress tolerance is in the focus of scientific and applied research. One plant is often mentioned in the context with stress resistance—Chenopodium quinoa. Through improved breeding strategies and the use of next generation approaches to study and understand quinoa’s salinity tolerance, an important step towards securing food supply is taken.

ANALYSIS OF SUPP LY LOGISTICS OF PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN THE ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZERS

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pakuła ◽  
Beata Kuziemska ◽  
Marcin Becher ◽  
Aleksandra Kiepuszewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Cereal Cultivation ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

The aim of the work was to assess the supplying process of production means in private farms with diversified area and profile production (mixed production – cattle breeding and cereal cultivation, and one-way production – cereal cultivation). Mineral fertilizers were bought by all surveyed farmers, the most – NPK fertilizers, the least – phosphatic fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers and plant protection products were bought most often twice a year and stored up to 7 days (mainly larger farms, regardless of the production profile). Lime fertilizers were purchased most often once a year, especially farms specialized in crop production.

scholarly journals Why organic farming is not the way forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Kirchmann
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Environmental Consequences

The aim of this article is to provide information about crop production data based on large-scale organic farming and to point toward major consequences. National statistics show lower organic yields than compiled in meta-analyses from farm- and plot-scale. Yields of organically cropped legumes were 20% and nonlegumes 40% lower than those of conventionally grown crops. Area estimates showed that almost two of three crops were legumes or legume mixtures in organic farming, whereas one of three crops was a legume in conventional cropping. Doubling land use for legumes in organic farming affected the type of food produced, being dominated by milk products and red meat. Over all crops, the organic yield gap was 35%. Since yields are lower under organic than conventional practices, more land is required to produce the same amount of agricultural crops. A 35% yield gap means that 50% more arable land is required. A demand for 50% more farmland imposes huge land use changes and makes one realize the wide-ranging environmental consequences that follow when converting to organic farming. In a relevant comparison between organic and conventional cropping systems, environmental consequences caused by land use change such as lost products (timber, fiber, energy, etc.) and lost ecosystem services (sequestered carbon in soil, wildlife, biodiversity, etc.) must be included. The concept of organic farming was founded on philosophical views about nature, not biological science. Natural means and methods were assumed to be superior. Verification of the reasoning and statements of the founders on why to abandon mineral fertilizers cannot be corroborated by science and is incorrect. Scientific evidence for the concept to abandon synthetic mineral fertilizers as nutrients for crops is lacking. The scientific community is obliged to follow rigorous scientific criteria—not biased views, prejudices, or beliefs.

scholarly journals RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS SELECTION IN THE ECOLOGICALLY BALANCED SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Рафил Шакиров ◽  
Rafil Shakirov ◽  
Закиржан Бикмухаметов ◽  
Zakirzhan Bikmuhametov ◽  
Фидаил Хисамиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Positive Balance

Complex studies were conducted in eight-field grain-steam-crop and grain-steam-tilled crop rotations using the following terms: fertilizer systems, plant protection, basic tillage methods and plastic varieties. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the forest-steppe of the Volga region, on a systemic basis, resource-saving technologies have been developed on the basis of fertile crop rotations in an ecologically balanced, biologized farming system. Agroecological principles of conservation and reproduction of gray forest soil fertility and obtaining a planned harvest of high quality. Experimental substantiation of the role of action and interaction of the main factors of saving technology, in increasing crop productivity of crop rotations, productivity of arable land and soil fertility. Agroeconomic evaluation of the resource-saving technology effectiveness. Crop rotations of leguminous crops and perennial legumes increase the productivity of arable land to 15-20%, provide a positive balance of humus (0.45-0.5 tons per hectare). Organomineralic fertilizer system reduces the need for mineral fertilizers by 2-3 times, ensures the receipt of planned high quality harvest and reproduction of soil fertility. The integrated plant protection system, using biological means and methods, provides a saving of plant protection products to 30-35%, raises productivity to 15-25%. Moisture-resource-saving mode of soil cultivation (mulching various deep loosening without turnover of beds) allows to save 25-35% of fuel and reduce the moisture loss to 35-40%. Complex application of these factors with the use of high-yielding plastic varieties makes resource-saving technology that increases the productivity of cultivated crops and the productivity of arable land by 1.5-2 times, the profitability of production by 30-50% and ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility.

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