scholarly journals Potential of existing and newly designed geothermal heating plants in limiting of low emissions in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Geothermal Heating ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Combustion Processes

Geothermal energy as one of renewable energy sources is an alternative to conventional methods of heat production, and thus contributes to reducing the emission of pollutants into the environment, especially the so-called low emission. Poland is facing the problem of pollutant emissions from combustion processes, in the context to individual households using mainly solid fuels to ensure heat demand for central heating and hot water production. The paper presents the results of calculations of avoided emissions in the context of replacement of conventional individual heating for geothermal heating systems, taking into consideration not only the problem of air pollution in Poland, but also issues of fuel quality (calorific value) and efficiency of used heating devices.

scholarly journals Peak Power of Heat Source for Domestic Hot Water Preparation (DHW) for Residential Estate in Poland as a Representative Case Study for the Climate of Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8047
Author(s):  
Łukasz Amanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the energy transformation in buildings, the proportions of energy consumption for heating, ventilation and domestic hot water preparation (DHW) have changed. The latter component can now play a significant role, not only in the context of the annual heat demand, but also in the context of selecting the peak power of the heat source. In this paper, the comparison of chosen methods for its calculation is presented. The results show that for contemporary residential buildings, the peak power for DHW preparation can achieve the same or higher value as the peak power for heating and ventilation. For this reason, nowadays the correct selection of the peak power of a heat source for DHW purposes becomes more important, especially if it uses renewable energy sources, because it affects its size and so the investment cost and economic efficiency. It is also indicated that in modern buildings, mainly accumulative systems with hot water storage tanks should be taken into account because they are less sensitive to design errors (wrongly selected peak value in the context of the uncertainty of hot water consumption) and because they result in acceptable value of peak power for DHW in comparison to heating and ventilation.

scholarly journals Synergy of Thermochemical Treatment of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles with Bioethanol Production for Increased Sustainability and Profitability

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4528
Author(s):  
Samuel O’Brien ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Heat Demand

The bioethanol industry continues improving sustainability, specifically focused on plant energy and GHG emission management. Dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of ethanol fermentation and is used for animal feed. DDGS is a relatively low-value bulk product that decays, causes odor, and is challenging to manage. The aim of this research was to find an alternative, value-added-type concept for DDGS utilization. Specifically, we aimed to explore the techno-economic feasibility of torrefaction, i.e., a thermochemical treatment of DDGS requiring low energy input, less sophisticated equipment, and resulting in fuel-quality biochar. Therefore, we developed a research model that addresses both bioethanol production sustainability and profitability due to synergy with the torrefaction of DDGS and using produced biochar as marketable fuel for the plant. Our experiments showed that DDGS-based biochar (CSF—carbonized solid fuel) lower calorific value may reach up to 27 MJ∙kg−1 d.m. (dry matter) Specific research questions addressed were: What monetary profits and operational cost reductions could be expected from valorizing DDGS as a source of marketable biorenewable energy, which may be used for bioethanol production plant’s demand? What environmental and financial benefits could be expected from valorizing DDGS to biochar and its reuse for natural gas substitution? Modeling indicated that the valorized CSF could be produced and used as a source of energy for the bioethanol production plant. The use of heat generated from CSF incineration supplies the entire heat demand of the torrefaction unit and the heat demand of bioethanol production (15–30% of the mass of CSF and depending on the lower heating value (LHV) of the CSF produced). The excess of 70–85% of the CSF produced has the potential to be marketed for energetic, agricultural, and other applications. Preliminary results show the relationship between the reduction of the environmental footprint (~24% reduction in CO2 emissions) with the introduction of comprehensive on-site valorization of DDGS. The application of DDGS torrefaction and CSF recycling may be a source of the new, more valuable revenues and bring new perspectives to the bioethanol industry to be more sustainable and profitable, including during the COVID-19 pandemic and other shocks to market conditions.

scholarly journals The Advisability of Employment of Renewable Energy Sources in DHW Systems in the Kindergarten

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Antonio Rodero ◽  
Agata Witkowska ◽  
Bernadetta Wądołowska
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
The Difference

This research aims to show the advisability of usage of selected renewable energy sources for domestic hot water (DHW) installations in buildings located in Poland and Spain. The analysis was conducted for a typical kindergarten, an example of buildings with high density of people and stable profile of usage, as opposed to schools which are closed during summer holidays. We took into account national regulations to estimate heat demand. Then applying solar collectors and heat pumps to use as a monovalent energy sources were considered. The total cost of the system with solar collectors in Poland was found to be 1.4 times higher than in Spain, whereas the difference in a case of air heat pumps was 18%. Moreover efficiency of solar collector and heat pump systems were found as 49.56% for Warsaw, 52.29% for Madrid with coefficient of performance (COP) 2.2 and 2.55 respectively, therefore simple payback time (SPBT) of investment was estimated in a range between 6–12 years for solar collectors and 5–6 years for heat pumps.

scholarly journals Comparison of emissions from smokeless coal combustion in a household heating boiler used in Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Knigawka ◽  
P. Pianko-Oprych ◽  
K. Krpec ◽  
L. Kuboňová
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the fuel quality and the gaseous and particulate pollutant emissions generated from a hot-water boiler during the combustion of different types of innovative processed fuels: smokeless coal, smokeless briquettes 1–3, smokeless pellets and unprocessed hard coal. The aim of our research was to prove the presumption that smokeless processed coals produce less gaseous and particulate emissions. By using modern fuels in already used and manufactured older boilers, there is a possibility to significantly reduce emissions of organic gaseous compounds (OGC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The emission situation in the heating season can be significantly improved even without costly production, and thus consumption of natural resources and energy, and installation of modern boilers. Physical and chemical characterization of solid-fuel samples, including determination of moisture content, ash, volatile organic content, calorific value and elemental composition analysis, were performed. Fuels were burned in one type of hot-water boiler class 1 according to EN 303-5 to determine the impact of applied fuel types on pollutant emissions. The pollutant emissions were characterized by the contents of gaseous components: nitrogen oxides NOx, sulfur dioxide SO2, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, organic gaseous compounds OGC and particle components: total suspended particles TSP, particulate matter less than 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs in both phases. The emission factors from six types of fuel were compared with applicable European standards. The lowest NOx content was observed for smokeless briquette 1, while the lowest SO2 content was observed for smokeless pellets. The emission of CO was at a similarly low level of 200 g/kg for smokeless briquette 1, smokeless briquette 2 and hard coal. Gaseous and pollutant emissions described by PM2.5 and TSP were observed to be the lowest for smokeless coal, smokeless briquette 1 and smokeless briquette 2.

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

Sustainable Cooling with Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) System and Hydrogen Energy Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Burhan ◽  
Muhammad Wakil Shahzad ◽  
Kim Choon Ng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Back Plate

Standalone power systems have vital importance as energy source for remote area. On the other hand, a significant portion of such power production is used for cooling purposes. In this scenario, renewable energy sources provide sustainable solution, especially solar energy due to its global availability. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system provides highest efficiency photovoltaic technology, which can operate at x1000 concentration ratio. However, such high concentration ratio requires heat dissipation from the cell area to maintain optimum temperature. This paper discusses the size optimization algorithm of sustainable cooling system using CPVT. Based upon the CPV which is operating at x1000 concentration with back plate liquid cooling, the CPVT system size is optimized to drive a hybrid mechanical vapor compression (MVC) chiller and adsorption chiller, by utilizing both electricity and heat obtained from the solar system. The electrolysis based hydrogen is used as primary energy storage system along with the hot water storage tanks. The micro genetic algorithm (micro-GA) based optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimum size of each component of CPVT-Cooling system with uninterrupted power supply and minimum cost, according to the developed operational strategy. The hybrid system is operated with solar energy system efficiency of 71%.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5322
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zsembinszki ◽  
Noelia Llantoy ◽  
Valeria Palomba ◽  
Andrea Frazzica ◽  
Mattia Dallapiccola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The buildings sector is one of the least sustainable activities in the world, accounting for around 40% of the total global energy demand. With the aim to reduce the environmental impact of this sector, the use of renewable energy sources coupled with energy storage systems in buildings has been investigated in recent years. Innovative solutions for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water in buildings can contribute to the buildings’ decarbonization by achieving a reduction of building electrical consumption needed to keep comfortable conditions. However, the environmental impact of a new system is not only related to its electrical consumption from the grid, but also to the environmental load produced in the manufacturing and disposal stages of system components. This study investigates the environmental impact of an innovative system proposed for residential buildings in Mediterranean climate through a life cycle assessment. The results show that, due to the complexity of the system, the manufacturing and disposal stages have a high environmental impact, which is not compensated by the reduction of the impact during the operational stage. A parametric study was also performed to investigate the effect of the design of the storage system on the overall system impact.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document