scholarly journals Preliminary ecotoxicity assessment of selected flavour and fragrance compounds using Microtox assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kołodyński ◽  
Katarzyna Piekarska ◽  
Daniel Strub
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Microtox Assay ◽  
Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fragrance Compounds

The bioluminescence inhibition bioassay using marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri is widely used as a tool to assess the toxicity of chemical compounds, because of the many benefits comprising cost and time effectiveness, rapidness, sensitivity, and ease of operation. In addition, the test is used for various types of organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the insolubility of organic compounds in water, a suitable solubilizer should be applied. The ecotoxicity of the solvent should be negligible in relation to marine bacteria. On account of superior human activities the synthesis of new chemical substances is inextricably linked to the emergence of chemical compounds that are a potential threat on environment. A Microtox system utilizing the 81.9% Basic Test with 14 dilutions was applied to pre-evaluate the ecotoxicity of β-cyclocitral oxime, citronellal oxime and perillaldehyde oxime. Substances solutions with an initial concentration of 0.036% in DMSO were prepared. The preliminary results show that the studied scent compounds are characterized by quite high toxicity. In order to confirm the received ecotoxicity values, it is necessary to carry out additional surveys using another range of concentrations and biotests on organisms at each trophic level.

Toxicity evaluation of ballast water discharged at The Onne Port complex using the microtox assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
A.S. Ojesanmi ◽  
E.I. Ohimain ◽  
I.R. Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Microtox Assay ◽  
Bioluminescence Bacteria ◽  
Ballast Water Management

Ballast water from ninety-six (96) International vessels calling the Onne Port complex were analyzed for physicochemical and acute toxicity test using the bioluminescence bacteria (Vibrio fisheri) from October 2015 to September 2016. The result of the microtox assay showed that the ballast water were generally toxic in the months under review. The Tanker vessels were generally more toxic than the RoRo/Container carriers. For the RoRo/Container carriers, the EC50 values for the 5 minutes and 15 minutes microtox assay ranged from 7.99± 2.45% in November, 2015 to 44.04±1.70% in June 2016 and 8.97±1.07% in November 2015 to 44.98±11.13% in June 2016. Similarly, for the tanker vessels, the EC50 values ranged from 5.63±1.97% in June 2016 to 28.17±1.71% in January 2016. In comparison to the reference chemical (Zinc sulphate) for the 5 minutes and 15 minutes microtox assay test, the EC50 values ranged from 1.00 ± 0.24% to 3.49±0.61% and 2.03±1.15% to 5.16±2.99% respectively. The seawater which served as controls were generally not toxic as the EC50 values was 100% from October 2015 to September 2016. The discharge of these ballast water poses a major environmental threat to the water quality and Port infrastructures at the Onne Port complex as contaminants may find their way into the food chain/food web and bioaccumulate in the tissues of indigenous biota (microorganisms, crabs, mangrove oysters and fin-fishes). This research work flags off the need for the regulators of Maritime Safety and Administration in Nigeria to monitor closely International vessels calling at major ports in Nigeria and the need to begin to domesticate some of the IMO guidelines on Ballast water management and ensure strict compliance.Key words: Ballast water, Toxicity, Vibrio fischeri, International Maritime Organization

Problems of Translation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-310
Author(s):  
A. F. LIBER
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
French Word ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
French And English ◽  
Medical Dictionary ◽  
The Many ◽  
Problems Of Translation

Among the many virtues of the article by Lamy et al., "Congenital Absence of Betalipoproteins" (Pediatrics, 31:276, 1963) is the generally excellent English, with virtually no translationese. But the reader unversed in French may be puzzled by the legend of Figure 11, page 286: "Gelosis immunoelectrophoresis." "Gelosis" is clearly intended to render gélose, the French word for agar, or, in the current usage when referring to electrophoresis, agar-gel. The ending -sis is doubtless derived from the French -se, as in nephrosis for nephrose, analysis for analyse. A different law of transliteration applies to chemical substances, in whose names -ose is used in both French and English, as in glucose, identical in the two languages. Indeed, Dorland's Medical Dictionary gives gelose "a carbohydrate, (C4H10O5)n, from agar."

scholarly journals Comparison of organics and heavy metals acute toxicities to Vibrio fischeri

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuepeng Yang ◽  
Yan Ji ◽  
Fangfang Wang ◽  
Jia Xu ◽  
Xiangzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Cell Death Rate ◽  
Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽  
The Difference

Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition has been widely used to test acute toxicities of metals and organics contaminants. However, the differences of metals and organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri have not been compared. Here, four heavy metals (Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr6+) and five organics (phenol, benzoic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, nitro-benzene and benzene) acute toxicities to V. fischeri were investigated. Heavy metals toxicities to V. fischeri were increased along with the reaction time, while the organics toxicities kept the same level in different reaction times. In order to explain the difference, the relative cell death rate of V. fischeri was detected. In metals toxicities tests, the bioluminescence inhibition rate of V. fischeri was found to be significantly higher than the relative cell death rate (P<0.05), while for the organics toxicities tests, the cell death rate was similar to the bioluminescence inhibition rate. These results indicated that organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri could reflect the death of cell, but metals acute toxicities to V. fischeri may not lead to the death of cell, just represent the bioluminescence inhibition.

Effect of surfactants on photocatalytic toxicity of TiO2- based nanoparticles toward Vibrio fischeri marine bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 107936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Baniamerian ◽  
Panagiotis Tsapekos ◽  
Merlin Alvarado-Morales ◽  
Soheila Shokrollahzadeh ◽  
Maliheh Safavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri

Instrumentation in Industrial Hygiene

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
High Utility ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

A discussion of the many types of samples encountered in industrial hygiene studies, the techniques and instruments used for their collection, the methods used for their preliminary chemical treatment, and the spectrographic instrumentation and techniques employed for the quantitative determination of their trace metallic constituents is presented. In this paper emphasis has been placed on the need to use sharp, clean separation procedures, along with appropriate instrumentation, to meet the analytical objectives in this field, i.e., highly sensitive, precise determinations of minute amounts of chemical substances. The high utility of the emission spectrograph for the analysis of metallic elements has been illustrated with typical examples of analytical applications made in the author's laboratory.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of ecotoxicity of urban aerosol

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 8533-8546 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Turóczi ◽  
A. Hoffer ◽  
Á. Tóth ◽  
N. Kováts ◽  
A. Ács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Urban Aerosol ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Direct Emission ◽  
Aerosol Pollution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽  
Pollution Episodes

Abstract. In addition to its mass concentration, the health effects of urban particulate matter may depend on its particle size distribution and chemical composition. Yet air pollution regulations rely on exclusively bulk PM10 concentration measurements, without regard to their potentially different health effects under different conditions. Aerosols from various sources are well known to contain a plethora of toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic constituents such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In spite of the fact that tremendous efforts have been put to establish links between aerosol pollution and human health or mortality, the potential acute effects of PM2.5/PM10 have never been assessed for lack of adequate methodology. Here we present the application of a simple and sensitive method for the direct assessment of the overall ecotoxicity of various PM2.5/PM10 samples collected on filters. The method is based on the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition bioassay that has been standardized for solid samples, representing a relevant biological exposure route. Direct emission samples proved to be significantly more ecotoxic than photochemically processed aerosol, thus marked differences were observed between the ecotoxicities of urban PM10 in summer and winter. The previously overlooked acute effects of urban PM10 may add to the established effects of gaseous primary pollutants aggravating health problems during severe air pollution episodes.

scholarly journals A comparison of the chemical compounds in single- and co-boiled Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoctions with UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-DAD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Xia ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Wu ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Cun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Fragment Ions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Characteristic Fragment ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction (ZZDHD) is a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction due to its therapeutic effects on clinical hepatobiliary disorders. ZZDHD is composed of Gardeniae Fructus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Sojae Semen Praeparatum. With the development of current technology, dispensing granules have been widely used for convenience. However, limited research has been conducted to determine differences in the chemical compounds between dispensing granules and traditional decoction. Methods A strategy based on UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-DAD was established to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the chemical compounds present in single- and co-boiled ZZDHD. First, we utilized UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS to identify the compounds in single- and co-boiled ZZDHD. Then, 15 compounds were quantitatively analyzed in ZZDHD by UPLC-DAD. Finally, fingerprint and chemometric analyses were adopted to evaluate the difference between single- and co-boiled ZZDHD. Results One hundred and forty-seven compounds were authenticated or determined according to their retention behaviors, mass mensuration, and characteristic fragment ions. In addition, 15 analytes of single- and co-boiled ZZDHD indicated a significant difference in the content of many compounds, including geniposide (G2), emodin, chrysophanol, daidzin, and crocin-I. The similarities of single and co-boiled ZZDHD were higher than 0.99, as evaluated by fingerprinting; 30 common peaks were evaluated by the chemometric analysis, which found 13 important variable values (VIP > 1) including C3, A3, crocetin, daidzin, C5, physcion, G2, genipin-1-O-β-D-gentiobioside (G1), chrysophanol, emodin, A2, A5, and C6. Conclusions This study provided an experimental basis for explaining the rationality of single-and co-boiled ZZDHD, and a study model for comparing the chemical substances between traditional decoctions and dispensing granules.

scholarly journals “Green” Biomaterials: The Promising Role of Honey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Gregorio Bonsignore ◽  
Mauro Patrone ◽  
Simona Martinotti ◽  
Elia Ranzato
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
The Many

The development of nanotechnology has allowed us to better exploit the potential of many natural compounds. However, the classic nanotechnology approach often uses both dangerous and environmentally harmful chemical compounds and drastic conditions for synthesis. Nevertheless, “green chemistry” techniques are revolutionizing the possibility of making technology, also for tissue engineering, environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Among the many approaches proposed and among several natural compounds proposed, honey seems to be a very promising way to realize this new “green” approach.

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