scholarly journals European Study on heat recovery in non-residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kaup ◽  
Jens Knissel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Efficiency Calculation ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multidimensional Optimization ◽  
The Eu

The HR (heat recovery) is generally assessed very positively from a business and economic point of view. In order to demonstrate this development, a first study will evaluate around 5,000 design data elements. First, the designs are evaluated with the question of how the key efficiency characteristics of the HR have changed throughout the course of the years 2014 to 2017. Afterwards, all relevant design files are subjected to an economic efficiency calculation under defined conditions, in order to determine the potential for a multidimensional optimization. Furthermore, the impact of the EU 1253/2014 benchmarks from 2020 onwards will also be examined. In order to demonstrate this development in europe, a second study will evaluate around 3,300 design data elements. First, the designs are evaluated with the question of how the key efficiency characteristics of the HR have changed throughout the course of the years 2015 to 2018. Primary, all relevant design files are subjected to an economic efficiency calculation under defined conditions, in order to determine the potential for a multidimensional optimization. Then, the impact of the EU 1253/2014 benchmarks from 2020 onwards will also be examined. The influence of the climate is thereby also taken into account by examining three European sites (North-South view). At the same time, the influence of the run time of the systems will be calculated. Ultimately, the analyses will provide recommendations for the future design of the Ecodesign regulation.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PARAMETRIC STUDIES FOR EVALUATION OF BALANCED VENTILATION AND EARTH AIR EXCHANGERS SYSTEM COUPLED TO A DOMESTIC BUILDING

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350002 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUNES KARTACHI ◽  
ABDELLAH MECHAQRANE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we analyze the impact of ventilation heat recovery with the heating and cooling potential of earth air heat exchanger in real climatic conditions in domestic buildings in the Middle Atlas region. In our case study, we calculate the primary energy used by a domestic building built as per the conventional house design parameters required by the Moroccan regulation. We use climate data for the city of Fes in Northern Moroccan. Three system configurations were considered. The first was the mechanical extract ventilation system both with and without heat recovery. The second was the mechanical extract ventilation system with earth to air heat exchanger system (EAHEX), and the third system was the mechanical balanced ventilation system coupled with EAHEX system. Primary energy use strongly influences natural resources efficiency and the environmental impacts of energy supply activities. In this study we explore the primary energy implications of the mechanical balanced ventilation system coupled with the EAHEX system in residential buildings. The results of this study shows that the use of a balanced ventilation system, with a high efficiency instead of a mechanical extract ventilation system, decreases the final and primary energy consumption. Moreover, it decreases or increases the CO2 emission depending on the primary energy sources.

scholarly journals Economic and legal aspects of transportation of cargo in Ukraine in the conditions of Euro integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Nadiia Bocharova ◽  
Victor Popov ◽  
Evheniia Tupytska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Economic Expediency ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of legal and economic relations that arise in the field of cargo transportation, in particular, their transshipment and legal grounds for its implementation. The article analyzes the legal nature of cargo handling in both the technological process and civil law services. It is determined that transshipment is a separate technological operation in the course of transportation and has its own basis for implementation, which serves as an agreement and therefore confirms and ensures the existence of a legal relationship between individual actors in economic turnover. The authors list the criteria for the economic efficiency of cargo handling, including delivery of cargo to the area where there are no certain types of transport; economic expediency of certain types of transport; and speeding up the delivery process. The European experience in using the cargo handling operation, the basis of the activity of logistic cents and the purpose of their functioning are analyzed. The statistical indicators of economic efficiency in the EU member countries are determined. The authors draw conclusions on the impact of European integration processes on the Ukrainian economy, in particular on the development of the logistics sector.

scholarly journals State aid and fair competition

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (88) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Ljubica Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
State Aid Control ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aid Policy ◽  
The Eu

State aid (giving economic advantage to certain economic entities or groups of economic entities by granting subsidies and loans under more favorable conditions, state guarantees, tax breaks and tax exemptions, selling public property under particularly favorable conditions, etc.) may be economically justifiable but entails the risk of distortions of market competition. The EU has strict rules in the area of providing and controlling state aid, which aim to minimize state aid while minimizing competition. Fulfilling some of the commitments undertaken in the EU accession process, the Republic of Serbia passed the State Aid Control Act in 2009, which ceased to be valid with the adoption of a new State Aid Control Act in 2019. The share of state aid in Serbia's GDP is substantial but insufficiently transparent, which justifiably raises the issue of its impact on fair competition. The reform of the Serbian state aid policy is necessary, first and foremost, in order to significantly reduce this aid and to properly select the beneficiaries. The starting point for an effective state aid policy is legal regulation and its implementation but, above all, the genuine independence and responsibility of the institutions in charge of controlling its implementation. It is necessary to find modalities that will ensure that the general interest and economic efficiency are above individual interests. This paper aims to promote awareness about the impact of state aid on economic efficiency, to analyze the legal solutions and the institutional framework in this field in Serbia, and to present the EU state aid policy. The emergence of excessive, improperly selective and uncontrolled state aid can have profound negative consequences on social well-being, for which reason it is necessary to properly standardize and implement the rules envisaged in this area of law.

scholarly journals The Impact of Air Pressure Conditions on the Performance of Single Room Ventilation Units in Multi-Story Buildings

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alo Mikola ◽  
Raimo Simson ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Room Ventilation ◽  
Single Room ◽  
The Impact

Single room ventilation units with heat recovery is one of the ventilation solutions that have been used in renovated residential buildings in Estonia. In multi-story buildings, especially in a cold climate, the performance of units is affected by the stack effect and wind-induced pressure differences between the indoor and the outdoor air. Renovation of the building envelope improves air tightness and the impact of the pressure conditions is amplified. The aim of this study was to predict the air pressure conditions in typical renovated multi-story apartment buildings and to analyze the performance of room-based ventilation units. The field measurements of air pressure differences in a renovated 5-story apartment building during the winter season were conducted and the results were used to simulate whole-year pressure conditions with IDA-ICE software. Performance of two types of single room ventilation units were measured in the laboratory and their suitability as ventilation renovation solutions was assessed with simulations. The results show that one unit stopped its operation as a heat recovery ventilator. In order to ensure satisfactory indoor climate and heat recovery using wall mounted units the pressure difference values were determined and proposed for correct design.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of the Operation of Low-Emission and Zero-Emission Vehicles in Public Transport in the Countries of the Visegrad Group

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7706
Author(s):  
Sławomir Stec
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group

Transport is one of the key sectors of the European economy. However, the intensive development of transport caused negative effects in the form of an increase in the emission of harmful substances. The particularly dramatic situation took place in the V4 countries. This made it necessary to implement solutions reducing emissions in transport, including passenger transport. Such activities can be implemented in the field of implementation of low-emission and zero-emission vehicles for use. That is why the European Union and the governments of the Visegrad Group countries have developed numerous recommendations, communications, laws, and strategies that order carriers to implement low- and zero-emission mobility. Therefore, transport organizers and communication operators faced the choice of the type of buses. From an economic point of view, each entrepreneur is guided by the economic efficiency of the vehicles used. Hence, the main aim of the article was to conduct an economic evaluation of the operational efficiency of ecological vehicles. As more than 70% of vehicles in use in the European Union are still diesel driven, the economic efficiency assessment was also made for vehicles with traditional diesel drive. To conduct the research, the method of calculating the total cost of ownership of vehicles in operation was used. As a result of the research, it was found that electric buses are the cheapest in the entire period of use (15 years), and then those powered by CNG. On the other hand, the cost of using hydrogen buses is the highest. This is due to the high purchase prices of these vehicles. However, the EU, as well as the governments of individual countries, support enterprises and communication operators, by offering them financing for investments. The impact of the forecasted fuel and energy prices and the planned inflation on operating costs was also examined. In this case, the analyses showed that the forecasted changes in fuel and energy prices, as well as the expected inflation, will significantly affect the costs of vehicle operation and the economic efficiency of using various types of drives. These changes will have a positive impact on the implementation of zero-emission vehicles into exploitation. Based on the analyses, it was found that in 2035 hydrogen buses will have the lowest operating costs.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Entrepreneurial Orientation via the Mediating Role of Organizational Learning Capability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Razan Nofal ◽  
Mais Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Intellectual Stimulation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Idealized Influence ◽  
The Impact

The current research aims to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on entrepreneurial orientation in Jordanian commercial banks, and whether organizational learning capability mediates the effect of transformational leadership on entrepreneurial orientation. Adopting a quantitative research design, data were collected by means of a questionnaire-based survey of employees in Jordanian commercial banks. Based on 330 usable responses, the results revealed the significant effect of transformational leadership and two of its dimensions (inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation) on entrepreneurial orientation. Two other dimensions (idealized influence and individualized consideration) did not contribute to entrepreneurial orientation. Additionally, the results showed that transformational leadership has a significant effect on organizational learning capability, and that organizational learning capability in turn affects entrepreneurial orientation. The findings confirm that organizational learning capability fully mediates the effect of transformational leadership on entrepreneurial orientation. A number of recommendations are advanced, the most important of which is that banks should improve and develop managers’ transformational attributes by training them on how to deal with employees in order to increase their entrepreneurial orientation. Banks should also consider improving their learning capability, as this plays a significant role in enhancing and supporting the effect of transformational leadership attributes on entrepreneurial orientation.

Thematic Priorities For Sustainable Development of Ukraine-Romania Cross-Border Cooperation (The Case Study of Chernivtsi Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bohatyrets ◽  
Liubov Melnychuk ◽  
Yaroslav Zoriy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

This paper seeks to investigate sustainable cross-border cooperation (CBC) as a distinctive model of interstate collaboration, embedded in the neighboring borderland regions of two or more countries. The focus of the research revolves around the establishment and further development of geostrategic, economic, cultural and scientific capacity of the Ukrainian-Romanian partnership as a fundamental construct in ensuring and strengthening the stability, security and cooperation in Europe. This research highlights Ukraine’s aspirations to establish, develop and diversify bilateral good-neighborly relations with Romania both regionally and internationally. The main objective is to elucidate Ukraine-Romania cross-border cooperation initiatives, inasmuch Ukraine-Romania CBC has been stirring up considerable interest in terms of its inexhaustible historical, cultural and spiritual ties. Furthermore, the similarity of the neighboring states’ strategic orientations grounds the basis for development and enhancement of Ukraine-Romania cooperation. The authors used desk research and quantitative research to conclude that Ukraine-Romania CBC has the impact not only on the EU and on Ukraine multi-vector foreign policy, but it also has the longer-term global consequences. In the light of the current reality, the idea of introducing and reinforcing the importance of Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) sounds quite topical and relevant. This research considers a number of explanations for Ukraine-Romania Cross-Border Cooperation as a key element of the EU policy towards its neighbors. Besides, the subject of the research is considered from different perspectives in order to show the diversity and complexity of the Ukraine-Romania relations in view of the fact that sharing common borders we are presumed to find common solutions. As the research has demonstrated, the Ukraine-Romania cross border cooperation is a pivotal factor of boosting geostrategic, economic, political and cultural development for each participant country, largely depending on the neighboring countries’ cohesion and convergence. Significantly, there is an even stronger emphasis on the fact that while sharing the same borders, the countries share common interests and aspirations for economic thriving, cultural exchange, diplomatic ties and security, guaranteed by a legal framework. The findings of this study have a number of important implications for further development and enhancement of Ukraine-Romania cooperation. Accordingly, the research shows how imperative are the benefits of Romania as a strategic partner for outlining top priorities of Ukraine’s foreign policy.

Economic Growth and Fiscal Sustainability in the EU: The Impact of an Ageing Population

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carone ◽  
Declan Costello ◽  
Nuria Diez Guardia ◽  
Per Eckefeldt ◽  
Gilles Mourre
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu
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