scholarly journals Effect of economic benefit for Paeonia ostii barks in difference cultivation management treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01090
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Jun-Hui Zhao ◽  
Zhi-jun Wang ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Ying Luo ◽  
...  

To increase the yield and quality of Paeonia ostii barks, the research of economic income under Juglans regia trees in difference cultivation management treatments were explored. Four treatments were designed in this study, removing flower bud (T1), clip deadwood and root tillers (T2), spraying Bordeaux mixture on the leaves (T3) and commonly management (T4, CK). The results showed that the yield of cortex moutan in total, first grade and second grade were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than CK, among these treatments, T3 reached to 102.1g per tree that was the highest grades. In quality part, T1 and T2 were not significant than treatment CK in paeonol contents, but the T3 was the significantly higher (p≤0.05) than CK and reached to 1.82% contents. In economic input, treatments were obvious higher than CK, and the T3 reached to 67780.5 RMB that was 13935.5 RMB higher than CK. The leaves disease might be main negative factor for yield and quality of cortex moutan in Luoyang area, Henan province, so spraying Bordeaux mixture with concentration bluestone: quicklime: water = 1: 2: 200 (w/w) on the leaves from middle May to harvest of Paeonia ostii interval 20 d at every year was the best methods in this study because it had small difficulty management, lower labour intensity and higher benefit results in suitable for application in the cultivation model of intercropping Paeonia suffruticosa under Juglans regia trees.

Author(s):  
М.А. ХАШАГУЛЬГОВА ◽  
У.А. ХАШАГУЛЬГОВ ◽  
О.О. ГЕТОКОВ

Изучено влияние технологических приемов на качество муки. Определяли качество зерна озимой мягкой пшеницы Краснодарская 57 по ГОСТ 93532016. При определенной технологической схеме 78м двухсортном выходе муки было получено 70 муки 1го сорта и 8 муки 2го сорта. Качество муки соответствует ГОСТ Р 521892003. Мука 1го и 2го сортов обладает пресным вкусом, запахом, свойственным пшеничной муке массовая доля влаги 14,7 (1й сорт) и 13,5 (2й сорт). Наличие минеральной примеси, зараженность вредителями не установлены. Содержание металломагнитной примеси 0,041 мг (1й сорт) и 0,048 мг (2й сорт), что соответствует стандарту. Массовая доля золы в пересчете на сухое вещество составила не более 0,69 для муки 1го сорта и 0,70 для муки 2го сорта, белизна у. е. прибора РЗБПЛ 52,4 (1й сорт) и 30,0 (2й сорт). Качество сырой клейковины для муки 1го и 2го сортов составляет 70,0 и 78,0 у. е. прибора ИДК1 (I группа) соответственно. Определены также крупность помола остаток на сите 2,0 1,9 и 2,2, число падения 200 и 182 с, массовая доля сырой клейковины 30,3 и 26,6, содержание протеина 13,2 и 12,5 для муки 1го и 2го сорта соответственно. Цвет белый для муки 1го сорта и белый с желтоватым оттенком для муки 2го сорта. По органолептическим и физикохимическим показателям пшеничные отруби соответствовали ГОСТ 716966. В результате гидротермической обработки зерна с применением холодного кондиционирования и отволаживанием в течение 4 ч выход сырой клейковины вследствие повышения водопоглотительной способности белков увеличился с 25 до 26,6. Одновременно наблюдалось ослабление клейковины, возрастание ее растяжимости. При отволаживании зерна в течение 6 и 8 ч происходило некоторое увеличение выхода сырой клейковины, : 27,9 и 30,3 соответственно. Качество клейковины составило 70 у. е. прибора ИДК1, что соответствует I группе качества. Выход муки при 4часовом отволаживании составил 64, при 6часовом увеличился до 66. Высокий показатель общего выхода муки 78 был установлен при 8часовом отволаживании. Холодное кондиционирование способствовало улучшению мукомольных и хлебопекарных свойств зерна, увеличению выхода сортовой муки при меньших затратах электроэнергии. The influence of technological methods on the quality of flour has been studied. The quality of winter wheat Krasnodarskaya 57 was determined according to GOST 93532016. At a certain technological scheme with a seventyeight percent twograde flour yield was obtained 70 flour 1st grade and 8 flour 2nd grade. The quality of flour corresponds to GOST R 521892003. Flour of the first and second grades has a fresh taste, the smell characteristic of wheat flour, the mass fraction of moisture 14,7 (1st grade) and 13,5 (2nd grade). The presence of mineral impurities, pest contamination has not been established. The content of metallomagnetic impurities was found to be 0,041 mg (1st grade) and 0,048 mg (2nd grade), which corresponds to the standard. Mass fraction of ash in terms of dry matter was no more than 0,69 for first grade flour and 0,70 for flour of the second grade, whiteness conditional units of the device RZBPL 52,4 (1st grade) and 30,0 (2nd grade). The quality of wet gluten for flour of 1st and 2nd grades is 70,0 and 78,0 units of the device IDK1 (I group) respectively. Were also defined the particle size of grinding the residue on the sieve 2,0 1,9 and 2,2, the falling number 200 and 182 seconds, the mass fraction of wet gluten 30,3 and 26,6, protein content 13,2 and 12,5 for flour 1st and 2nd grade, respectively. The color is white for the flour 1st grade and the white with a yellowish tinge for the flour of the 2nd grade. By organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, wheat bran complied with GOST 716966. As a result of hydrothermal grain treatment with the use of cold conditioning and softening for 4 hours, the yield of raw gluten due to an increase in the waterabsorbing ability of proteins increased from 25 to 26,6. At the same time, a weakening of the gluten was observed, an increase in its extensibility. When softening grain for 6 and 8 hours there is some increase in the yield of wet gluten, : of 27,9 and 30,3 respectively. The quality of gluten was 70 units of the device IDK1, which corresponds to the quality group I. The yield of flour with fourhour softening was 64, with sixhour increased to 66. High total yield of flour of 78 was set when the eighthour softening. Cold conditioning contributed to the improvement of the milling and baking properties of grain, increasing the yield of highgrade flour with less power consumption.


2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hevia ◽  
M. Berti ◽  
R. Wilckens

Two experiments were conducted in the province of Ñuble, Chile during the 1997/98 and 1998/99 seasons with the objective of evaluating the effect of harvesting date on the yield and quality of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in the second year of production. The apical 25 cm of the stem were harvested in the following stages: flower bud, beginning of flowering, full flower and petal drop. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The best yield (fresh, dry and threshing weight) and the highest hypericin content were obtained at the petal drop stage. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the best time to harvest St. John's wort is when 10 to 20% of the flowers are open and the rest are in the bud stage.


2021 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Roman Khazhsetovich Kandrokov ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Ryndin ◽  
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Latyshev

Research has been carried out to determine the effect of the roll gap of the aggregate mini mill “Melnik 100 Lux” on the yield of wheat, rye and triticale flour. The technological scheme of a mini-mill consists of only 3 systems - two torn and one grinding, which are clearly not enough to separate the grain of various crops into anatomical parts during grinding to obtain high-quality bakery flour. Based on the results of the studies, the optimal roll-to-roll clearances of the aggregate mill installation "Melnik 100 Lux" were established. For wheat milling, they were 0.25 mm on the I  torn system and 0.15 mm on the II torn system, for rye milling they were 0.25 mm on the I torn system and 0.15 mm on the II torn system and triticale grinding was 0.20 mm on the I torn system and 0.10 mm on the II torn system. The highest total yield of wheat bakery flour with optimal parameters of the roll gap was 71.7 %, incl. 44.4 % premium flour and 27.3 % first grade flour; the highest total yield of rye bakery flour with optimal parameters of the roll gap was 70.0 %, incl. 52.2 % seeded premium rye flour and 17.8 % special rye flour; the highest total yield of triticale bakery flour with optimal parameters of the roll gap was 72.2 %, incl. 48.1 % triticale flour of the highest grade T-60 and 17.8 % triticale flour T-80.


1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Slarke ◽  
WK Mason

At Kyabram, Victoria, the effects of growth stage at cutting on dry matter (DM) yield and quality of lucerne was determined during the warm season haymaking period for cultivars with contrasting winter dormancy characteristics. Growth stages at cutting were pre-flower bud, flower-bud, 10% bloom and full bloom. Cultivars were winter non-dormant CUF 101 and Pioneer Brand 572, semi-winter dormant Pioneer Brand 581 and winter dormant Pioneer Brand 545. Cultivar responses or interactions between cultivar and growth stage at cutting were not significant (P>0.05) for dry matter yield, crude protein or in vitro digestibility. Cutting of the pre-flower bud stage, compared with cutting at the 10% bloom stage, reduced DM yield by 18% (16.4 v. 13.5 t/ha), but increased crude protein content of the lucerne from 19.3 to 24%. The total protein yield per hectare was not affected by cutting stages from pre-flower bud stage to 10% bloom. Cutting lucerne at the flower bud stage rather than at 10% bloom gave increased protein content and digestibility with only a moderate yield decline. However, more frequent cutting was unsatisfactory as it decreased the density of the stand and increased the proportion of weeds and so could not be recommended.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-biao Dong ◽  
Guang-hui Zhang ◽  
Ming-jiang Yan ◽  
Yan-liang Tian

AbstractThis paper introduces for the first time the equal intercept transformation radar chart—an improved form—to the assessment of soil environmental quality of Nanling commodity grain base. The equal intercept transformation radar chart, a visual graphical data analysis method, translates data from a numerical to graphical format. This visualization enables data presentation, analysis process and results stick out a mile and is capable of fully retaining information contained in data and excavating it in depth from geometry. Moreover, it overcomes pertinently the main defect of the conventional radar chart that the evaluation result depends heavily on the order of arrangement of indicators. The results indicated that the soil environmental quality at depths of 0–60 cm in the low mountain area of the Nanling commodity grain base was the second grade, while that in the hilly and plain areas were both first grade. The indicators of poor soil environmental quality in the low mountain area were exogenous Cd and endogenous As; those in the hilly area were exogenous Cd and endogenous As and Hg; and that in the plain area was exogenous Cd. The results were in line with the actual situation of the study area.


2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Stephenson ◽  
E. C. Gallagher ◽  
V. J. Doogan ◽  
D. G. Mayer

Applications of nitrogen fertiliser in macadamia orchards remain high, despite indications that optimum yields and quality are obtained at a lower rate. This 6-year study examined the effect on quality of 230, 690 and 1150 g nitrogen/tree . year, applied in April (floral initiation), in April and June (inflorescence development), in April, June and November (rapid nut growth and premature nut drop), in April, June, November and January (nut maturation/oil accumulation) or monthly. Higher rates of nitrogen increased kernel recovery by 1% in 5 years out of 6. In 1 year only, 4 or more split applications of the medium and high rates of nitrogen increased kernel recovery by up to 1.6%. These increases were insufficient to compensate for depressed yields (17% lower) at high nitrogen. In good years, when yields were above average, kernel recovery tended to be high and in years with poor yields, kernel recovery tended to be low except when nuts were small. Moderate summer—early autumn rainfall of about 100 mm/month was associated with high kernel recovery whereas very heavy rainfall (>200 mm/month) during this period was detrimental. The percentage of first grade kernels was influenced most by season but was negatively correlated with the rate of nitrogen. Impurities, including immature, deformed, mouldy and insect-damaged kernels, were lowest at low rates of nitrogen and highest during wet harvest seasons. Time of nitrogen application had no significant effect on yield, kernel recovery, the percentage of first-grade kernels or impurities. For sustained high yield and quality, 355 g nitrogen, or 0.8 kg urea/tree.year, applied in April—June is indicated. Agronomic and economic advantages of reducing rates of nitrogen applied to macadamia orchards are enhanced by increasingly important environmental considerations. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the rate, strategy and timing of nitrogen application, rainfall, temperature, flushing and litterfall were correlated with kernel recovery and first-grade kernels but more work is needed to elucidate the significance of these factors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11(112)) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Bauyrzhan Iztayev ◽  
Madina Yakiyayeva ◽  
Magomed Magomedov ◽  
Auyelbek Iztayev ◽  
Makhamedkali Kenzhekhojayev ◽  
...  

This paper reports a study into different ways of applying a highly effective technology for making yeast-free bread from wheat flour of the highest, first, and second grades by the accelerated method. The dough mechanical loosening technology was used, which makes it possible to reduce the time to prepare the high-quality dough and bake bread. This study has confirmed that the mechanical loosening technique makes it possible to make high-quality yeast-free bread by an accelerated method without fermentation and proving. Such a technique reduces the time of dough preparation by 3 times, improves the rheological properties of the dough, and reduces baking time by 2 times, as well as improves the quality of bread from flour of the highest, first, and second grade. The results showed that the safety indicators of yeast-free bakery products prepared from flour of the highest, first, and second grade meet the norms established by TR TC 021/2011 of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On Food Safety". In terms of microbiological indicators, the results demonstrated that during storage for 5 days QMAFAnM ranged as follows: in yeast-free bakery products from flour of the highest grade ‒ from 1.2·102 to 1.8·102 CFU/g. In the yeast-free bakery products from flour of the first grade ‒ from 1.5·102 to 2.1·102 CFU/g; in the yeast-free bakery products from flour of the second grade ‒ from 1.9·102 to 3.2·102 CFU/g. In addition, bacteria of the E. coli group were found on all yeast-free bakery products. Thus, applying the highly effective technology of the accelerated dough preparation could significantly improve the quality of bread, reduce the time of baking, and reliably ensure that useful properties are maintained


Author(s):  
Maryna Zhenchenko ◽  
Ihor Zhenchenko ◽  
Yaroslavа Prykhoda ◽  
Tetyana Kharlamova

The purpose of the study, which we started in October 2018 with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the intergovernmental Ukrainian-Finnish project “Learning together”, is to analyze the quality of modern textbooks for the first grade of the New Ukrainian School, to identify outdated scientific paradigms, to identify and systematize cultural problems of textbook publication, which should be taken into account during the editorial and publishing of textbooks for the second and third grades. Methodology. At the initial stage of the study, a bibliographic method was used for the identification and systematization of scientific sources, normative legal documents on the problems of textbook creation. The use of methods of discourse analysis, logical, semantic, context analysis of text and visual components of textbooks for the first grade of the New Ukrainian School made it possible to identify the problematic aspects of the textbook publication culture. Typical flaws in the culture of textbook publication for the New Ukrainian School are systematized using methods of scientific generalization and classification. The results of the research showed a number of problems: visualization of outdated Soviet discourse, systematic errors, consistency and logic of presentation of the material, fairly low linguistic culture of publications, and sometimes unsatisfactory quality of artistic design. The solution of these problems requires a complex, systemic and integrative approaches. This includes the training of editors, publishers, authors, the formation of their high social responsibility, the creation of a single scientific and informational space for authors, reviewers and editors based on the leading publishing houses and academic departments of publishing and editing, the organization of seminars, trainings, summer/winter schools, etc. Such work has already begun within the preparatory stage of the international project “Finnish support for a New Ukrainian School”. The results of the research were used during the All-Ukrainian scientific and practical seminar “New textbook for the New Ukrainian School: Requirements, criteria for evaluation, registration” organized by the Institute for the modernization of the content of education for publishers who worked on textbooks for the second grade of the New Ukrainian School (November 22, 2018), training for experts who assessed the textbook for the second grade of the New Ukrainian School (January 21-23, 2019) and training sessions for publishers of textbooks for the New Ukrainian School (March 12-15, 2019), prepared by using experts from the Ukrainian- Finnish project “Learning together.”


2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Jovicich ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella

Production and quality of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit were evaluated in a passively ventilated greenhouse, in soilless media trellised to a “V” system (two-stempruned plants) or the “Spanish” system (nonpruned plants) in flat bags or nursery pot containers; and densities of 1.5, 1.9, 3.0, and 3.8 plants/m2 (0.14, 0.18, 0.28, and 0.35 plants/ft2), in a winter-to-summer-crop in Gainesville, Fla. The trellis systems did not affect total marketable fruit yields but production of extra-large fruit was higher (38%) in non-pruned than in pruned plants. Marketable fruit yields were similar in plants grown in bags and pots, and had positive linear responses to increased plant density. Not pruning reduced by half the percentage of fruit with blossom-end rot. Pruned plants produced 50% fewer flower bud supporting nodes than non-pruned plants but had a greater percentage of fruit set. Regardless of trellis systems, fruit set per plant decreased linearly as plant density increased. Overall, the “Spanish” trellis system at a density of 3.8 plants/m2 resulted in greater yields of extra-large fruit and required 75% less labor than the “V” system to prune and support the plant canopy.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kazak ◽  
Dmitry Yeremin ◽  
Yuri Loginov

The State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals continues to breed spring wheat. Two varieties of Tyumen Jubilee and Tyumenochka have been created with the use of various source materials, including sources to the main cultural diseases in the region. Tyumenskaya variety has passed the State Variety Testing and is included in the Register of breeding achievements in 10 regions. The second variety is in the State Variety Trial. Research is continuing on both varieties to develop seed varieties. The results of influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on yield and quality of seeds of wheat varieties are analyzed in this report. It is established that in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region on the natural fertility of leached black soil the average seed yield for three years was for the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee 2.48 t/ha, for Tyumenochka – 2.08 t/ha. In the variant with application of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield of 4 t/ha, the first grade seed was obtained 3.29 t/ha, the second – 2.91. The additions to the control variant were 0.81 and 0.83 t/ha. When applying mineral fertilizers to the yield of 5 and 6 t/ha, the additions remained at the level of the previous version, except for the Tyumenochka variety in the last version. The yield of seeds from the total yield in the control variant was 75.5 % for the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee and 71.7 % for Tyumenochka. In the variant with NPK by 4 t/ha the yield of seeds increased by 4.2 % in the first grade and by 4.5 % in the second grade. Protein content in the seeds of wheat varieties on the natural soil fertility was 13.6 and 12.3 %, respectively. The maximum content of 16.0 and 14.8 % is noted in the variant with fertilizers for the planned yield of 4 t/ha. In the same variant the highest germination energy (82.3, 80.1 %) and germination of seeds (96.9 and 95.5 %) are higher than the control variant by 20.7, 15.6 and 1.8 %; 2.5 % accordingly. The main part of the seeds (71.0 and 68.1 %) of the studied wheat varieties in the mentioned variant grew with 5–6 germ roots that is 19.3 and 13.2 % higher than the control. The variant with fertilizers for the planned yield of 4 t/ha was more economically advantageous, the level of profitability of the variety Tyumenskaya jubilee was 49 %, and Tyumenochka 44 %.


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