scholarly journals Economic research and education in the era of digital economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 12006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Kivarina ◽  
Anna Makarevich

At present, considerable attention is paid to the problems of understanding the most important trends in the formation and development of a digital economy, as well as the development of adaptive models of the modern education system, which reflects the relevance of the subject matter under study. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features of the transformation of economic science and education in the conditions of digitalization of the economy, to identify the main problems of the modern scientific and educational system and to identify the main ways to solve them. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach using methods of logical-structural, situational and comparative analysis. Prospective directions of development of an economic science in conditions of digitalization are considered in the article, the problems which face the system of economic education at a stage of formation of a digital society are revealed. The significant influence on the transformation in the sphere of employment of the speed of the formation of educational networks for the training of personnel possessing the skills of teamwork for the effective resolution of technological, demographic and socio-economic problems is proved.

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Natalia Aleksandrovna Kazakova

The international strategy for the development of competitive advantages based on digitalization has not only become a powerful driver of socio-economic and technological spheres, including science and education, but also created new, digital risks that require their identification, assessment and countermeasures. The study is aimed at assessing the digitalization trends of the Russian economy in comparison with global trends, identifying digital risks and directions for the development of economic education and science. The analysis showed that the highest level of digitalization is observed in the public and financial sectors, it is also noted in some industries, which is associated with robotization and the introduction of integrated platforms. The digital environment develops methods of accounting, analysis, diagnostics and control, changing the priorities and vector of assessing business efficiency, primarily for companies associated with the creation of databases, information resources, computer software, information processing, the key capital of which is intellectual capital (digital , human, reputational). To date, the methods of business analysis of companies in the IT sector are practically not developed by economic science, and there are no officially recognized ones yet. It is clear that the information base for such analysis should be much wider than the traditionally used one, including big data analytics. At the same time, one should pay attention to the fact that the analysis of the transparency of the activities of the IT sector companies indicates their informational secrecy. Thus, the article examines digital risks caused by the growth of digital transactions in economic transactions, an increase in the share of digital assets and intellectual capital, a change in key indicators for assessing the effectiveness of companies in the digital economy, as well as the transformation of economic professions and the increased requirements of employers for the professional competencies of personnel. In this aspect, points of potential demand for information and analytical competencies and professional values have been identified, which serve as a navigator of the development processes of modern economic education and science.


Throughout its history, economic science has been influenced by the principles and methods of more exact sciences. This influence can be traced in the concepts of both classical and neoclassical schools. The latter interpreted economic phenomena and processes from a subjective psychological point of view and contributed to the formation of a particular scientific direction – economic psychology. Institutional school that views the economy as an evolving system has generated such an interdisciplinary trend as economic genetics. The influence of exact sciences on the economic thought has manifested itself not only in the wide application of mathematical modeling, but also in the reference to the analogy with physical processes which formed another interdisciplinary research field – econophysics. Experiencing the influence and employing research methods of natural and exact sciences, economic science in turn ‘penetrates into the territory’ of social disciplines (sociology, politology, history) which generated separate directions of economic analysis: home economics, public choice theory, economic history etc. Such an approach which has not always been favourably received by the experts in related disciplines has been named «economic imperialism» whose representatives are supporters of both neoclassic and new institutional theory. Methodological mainstream is being replaced by methodological pluralism which would entail the coexistence of different theoretical perspectives and interdisciplinary approach is an essential element in building this tradition. This places new demands on the quality of economic education. A modern economist must have knowledge in different sciences and be able to use their analytic apparatus. At the post-nonclassical stage in its development the science of economics makes extensive use of interdisciplinary principles and analytical tools of both natural and humanitarian sciences, having achieved notable progress along this path. Interdisciplinary linkages allow us to reveal deeper patterns, bring to a qualitatively new level of scientific knowledge. Although interdisciplinarity do not always demonstrate effective results it may be considered as one of perspective means of solving complex problems of modern times.


Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Khloptsov ◽  

The article is dedicated to the memory of Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov, an Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honorary Citizen of Tomsk, Honored Professor of Tomsk State University (TSU). In the first 10 years of service at Tomsk State University, Bychkov made a career from an assistant professor to a university rector, heading TSU in 1967 and leaving this post 16 years later, in 1983. Defending his doctoral dissertation in 1966, Bychkov became the first Doctor of Economics in Tomsk after the Revolution and was elected head of the Department of Political Economy at TSU. Understanding the importance and necessity of developing economic education in Siberia, Bychkov made great efforts to open a new specialty – political economy – at TSU. On Bychkov’s initiative, an economic laboratory was opened at TSU. In 1969, the Academic Council for the defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations in economic, philosophical, and legal sciences was opened at Tomsk State University, and Bychkov became the chairman of the council. In fact, TSU became a basic university in the formation of scientific, methodological, organizational, and informational work in the field of economic education in entire Western and Eastern Siberia. Bychkov’s main areas of research were property relations, the economic foundations of federalism in Russia. In the economic literature at that time there were lively discussions on the effectiveness of management, material incentives and planning in the socialist economy. There were not only discussions, but also numerous reforms and reorganizations in the economic life of the country, which affected the development of the economy, had an impact on the quality of the social life of society, on the development of science and education. The initiated reform was the development of an initiative to improve economic activity at enterprises through the active involvement of scientific and educational institutions. Along with scientific, educational and methodological work, he organized social and educational work to disseminate knowledge, increase economic literacy among the population of the region. In 1974 Bychkov headed the Socioeconomic Problems of the Development of Siberia and the Far East Problem Council of the Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFS. In the 1970s–1980s he headed the West Siberian sector for organizing students’ research work. The article discusses the main milestones in the life of Aleksandr Bychkov. The significance of his methodological and leadership activities related to the formation and development of economic education in Tomsk and in Siberia in general is investigated; the directions of scientific activity are analyzed; the role in the formation of his own scientific school and the relationship of the investigated problems with the contemporary urgent tasks of economic science and education in Russia are shown. The entire period of Bychkov’s work in Tomsk as an associate professor, professor, head of department and rector of Tomsk State University can be considered a period of the formation, growth and qualitative development of economic education and science not only at TSU, but throughout Siberia. Today, a large number of his students and followers head departments of the economic profile and institutes of almost all Siberian universities.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Leonid Tutov ◽  
Varvara Rogozhnikova

This article is devoted to a philosophical view of a consideration of an urgent problem of the relation between mathematics and economics. The authors try to reveal and compare the main characteristics of economic and mathematical thinking, and reflect on the place of mathematics in economic research and education. We aim to formulate recommendations to achieve a methodological balance in the relation between mathematics and economics within economic research. The authors suggest studying mathematics for economists be preceded by a philosophical introduction, which would acquaint students with problems of justification and verification of mathematical knowledge, interaction of economics and mathematics, and also would give an all-philosophical view of features of economic-mathematical thinking. Mathematics is necessary for an economist, but it is only a tool to achieve some especially economic targets. This tool is used for definite purposes which don’t exhaust all the volume of the purposes of economic science.


2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 05011
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Fedorova ◽  
Vasily Darbasov ◽  
Mikhai Okhlopkov

The beginning of the agricultural and economic science foundaton in historical aspect is studied in the article. The stages of its formation and development in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya) are reviewed. The paper presents some well-known scientists-agricultural economists who have made a significant contribution to the science and education of the Republic. A brief overview of their researches is shown. The article focuses on the need for enhanced capacity-building for the activity of regional economic research. Particularly, it is necessary to significantly enhance the intellectual potential of scientists in terms of selecting and evaluating priority areas of social and economic researches on the AIC development, including food safety governance. The study highlights that agricultural science plays an important role in solving the main tasks of providing food safety. The authors concluded that it is necessary to sustain regional science aimed at creating a local food base in the Far North.


Author(s):  
Svetlana L. Sazanova

The article analyses the influence of the philosophy of metamodernism on the institutional economic theory. The author considered the philosophy of metamodernism as a complex of ideas that form the “spirit of the times” – ​the “era of metamodernity”, which is an external environment in relation to institutional economic theory. Having analyzed the key characteristics of modernity and postmodernity, the author proved that metamodernity is not only a synthesis of the philosophical ideas of modernity and postmodernity, but also a new worldview that embraces the entire socio-economic reality. The author formulated the features of the era of metamodernity in the context of economics-society-institutions. The author found that under the influence of the ideas of metamodernity, there have been changes in the motivation of economic agents: from the satisfaction of subjective preferences to the search for new emotional reactions. This, in turn, led to changes in collective (social) economic behavior: rejection of traditional values in favor of values of self-expression, rejection of long-term relationships in favor of long-term ones. According to the author, changes in individual and collective economic behavior occur in parallel with institutional changes at the micro, meso and macro levels: hierarchical institutional structures are being replaced by socio-economic and business ecosystems. Exploring the evolution of economic science in the context of evolution from modern philosophy to postmodern and metamodern philosophy, the author revealed the influence of the ideas of metamodernity on modern economic theory in general and institutional economic theory in particular. The author found that under the influence of the ideas of metamodernity, changes occur in the object and subject of economic research, which requires the improvement of the methodology of institutional economic theory based on an interdisciplinary approach.


Author(s):  
Galina Makarova ◽  
Vasilii Rudyakov

Although macroeconomics as an independent economic science emerged only in the twen­tieth century, the first steps in developing the macroeconomic aspect of efficiency were taken several centuries earlier — beginning from the 16th — 17th centuries — at the pre-industrial stage of development of society. Due to the underdevelopment of the production sphere, the search for sources of growth in the efficiency of national economies at that time was mainly carried out from the most general economic positions — as an integral part of solving the main task of the economics of those eras — searching for ways and means of increasing the wealth of nations. At the same time, naturally, among the first were the climatic and foreign economic factors of increasing the efficiency of national economies. For example, factors related to identifying the advantages of various countries in a geographic location and the ability to solve their economic problems by using the most advantageous options for organizing and conducting foreign economic and trade relations. The transition of developed countries to new stages of development — industrial and postindustrial, as well as the selection by John M. Keynes of the new direction of economic research — macroeconomics, historically leads both to a deepening of the meaning of the very category of “macroeconomic efficiency” and to more detailed studies of factors affecting it.


Author(s):  
Dmitry Maidachevsky

The author of the article reconstructs the shift, which occurred in the model and disciplinary structure of «commercial» education towards «economic» one. The research is based on disciplinary approach in the history of education, which builds on subject-oriented character of knowledge and empirical analysis of Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute case. Although the shift was being discreetly prepared for several decades and included many attempts to integrate commercial functions of education with economic field, its real start was caused by external to science and education factors. The subject area of a business economics became the point of intersection for economic and commercial disciplines. The area appeared mainly due to political and ideological campaign aimed at making the enterprises’ party core groups aware of economic knowledge. The 18th All-Union Conference of Communist Party initiated the campaign in 1941. The outbreak of war forced people to view the business economics as a scientific and practical field of study, which applies many techniques and methods of economic analysis in order to ensure effective operation and reveal its potential reserves. After obtaining the right to operate beyond the scientific and practical environment, the subject area of business economics entered the higher education area, transforming its educational and research programs and integrating the disciplinary models and structures of economic and commercial education.


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