scholarly journals Study on the Cooling Effect of Window Gardens

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 24009
Author(s):  
Jing Ren ◽  
Ming fang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Interior Surface ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Window gardens are known to provide a window view with psychological and physiological benefits, whether they can be used for passive cooling of buildings remains to be investigated. This paper aims to supplement the impact of window gardens on the thermal performance of windows, walls, and even indoor air temperatures, which previous research has ignored. A field experiment was conducted for two classrooms with integrated planting troughs outside the windows, with and without living plants. The indoor air temperature and the interior surface temperature of the two classrooms were measured on a typical hot summer day, with windows closed and air conditioners switched off. The results show that: Window garden with living plants can not only reduce the average temperature of the indoor air by 1.1 ℃, but also reduce the average temperature of the interior surface of the building envelope by 2.8 ℃, the reduction of interior surface temperature is more obvious, which is due to the formation of a cold bridge. Therefore, Window garden can improve the summer indoor thermal environment in hot summer and warm winter area in China.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Urban Form on Land Surface Temperature in Subtropical High-Density Urban Areas Using Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Sun ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Run Wang ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Urban Thermal Environment ◽  
The Impact

It is widely acknowledged that urban form significantly affects urban thermal environment, which is a key element to adapt and mitigate extreme high temperature weather in high-density urban areas. However, few studies have discussed the impact of physical urban form features on the land surface temperature (LST) from a perspective of comprehensive urban spatial structures. This study used the ordinary least-squares regression (OLS) and random forest regression (RF) to distinguish the relative contributions of urban form metrics on LST at three observation scales. Results of this study indicate that more than 90% of the LST variations were explained by selected urban form metrics using RF. Effects of the magnitude and direction of urban form metrics on LST varied with the changes of seasons and observation scales. Overall, building morphology and urban ecological infrastructure had dominant effects on LST variations in high-density urban centers. Urban green space and water bodies demonstrated stronger cooling effects, especially in summer. Building density (BD) exhibited significant positive effects on LST, whereas the floor area ratio (FAR) showed a negative influence on LST. The results can be applied to investigate and implement urban thermal environment mitigation planning for city managers and planners.

scholarly journals Study on energy loss and thermal environment through door open while air conditioner running

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06035
Author(s):  
Sihwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Closed State

While air conditioner is running, opening doors and windows is a great way to reduce operating efficiency and undermine the air conditioning system’s ability to bring the indoor to a comfortable temperature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the heat loss and thermal environment through the door open while air conditioner running. To achieve this goal, using full-scale measurement with the commercial store during the cooling period, the infiltration rate, thermal environment and energy consumption of air conditioners with door opened and door closed state were measured. The measured results show that the infiltration rate at the door opened state was increased by about 21.3 times compared to the door closed state. When the set temperature of the air conditioner was 24 °C, the room temperature in the opening gate cooling was measured to be about 5 °C higher than the closing gate cooling. However, the energy consumption was measured approximately 12 kWh/day and there was no difference with door state. This means that the energy consumption is not increased if the indoor air temperature would not reach the set point temperature of air conditioner.

scholarly journals The Impact of Infiltration on Heating Systems Dimensioning in Estonian Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Raimo Simson ◽  
Taaniel Rebane ◽  
Martin Kiil ◽  
Martin Thalfeldt ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Calculation Models

In this study we analysed the climatic conditions for infiltration estimation, different calculation methods and infiltration impact on heat load for heating systems dimensioning. To determine the wind conditions at low air temperatures of the coastal- and inland climatic zones in Estonia, 42 years of climatic data for Tallinn and Tartu were investigated. Calculation models with detailed air leakages were constructed of a single and two-storey detached house using dynamic simulation software IDA ICE. Simulations were carried out with the constructed calculation models, simulating various wind and sheltering conditions to determine the heating load of the buildings under measured wind conditions at the design external air temperatures. The simulation results were compared with results calculated with European Standard EN 12831:2017, methodology given in the Estonian regulation for calculating energy performance of buildings and with simulations using the default settings in IDA ICE based on the ASHRAE design day conditions. The percentage of heat losses caused by infiltration was found as 13-16% of all heat losses for the studied buildings. Simulations with historical climate periods showed that even in windy weather conditions the heating system dimensioned by the methods analysed may not be able to provide the required indoor air temperature. Analysis using the coldest and windiest periods showed that when systems are dimensioned by the studied methods, the highest decline in indoor air temperature occurs on the windiest day and not on the coldest day. The impact of high wind speeds and low sheltering conditions resulted up to 50% of all heat losses.

scholarly journals Effects of Building Microclimate on the Thermal Environment of Traditional Japanese Houses during Hot-Humid Summer

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz Hosham ◽  
Tetsu Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Shading Effect ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Indoor Spaces

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of building microclimate on the indoor thermal environment of traditional Japanese houses, focusing especially on the shading effect of trees as well as the cooling effect of spraying water. Basically, the indoor thermal environment was found to follow the outdoor conditions due to the open-plan and lightweight wooden structure. Nevertheless, air temperatures of the living rooms in the two case study houses were lower than the corresponding outdoors by approximately 0.5 °C and 2 °C, respectively. It was found that the semi-outdoor spaces acted as thermal buffers for promoting cross-ventilation as well as pre-cooling to provide “warm but breezy” conditions to the surrounding indoor spaces. The results showed that the surface temperature of semi-outdoor spaces can be reduced by shading and water spraying, among which shading has prolonged effects and water spraying can reduce the surface temperature during peak hours and the following night.

Analysis and Test on Indoor Thermal Environment of Timber Dwellings in Shangri-La

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 466-469
Author(s):  
Li Ping Li ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Shuai Fan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment

Field tests for indoor thermal environment of Tibetan-style timber dwellings in Shangri-La were carried out， from the perspective of physical environment of buildings, and more specifically, the indoor temperature of Tibetan-style timber dwellings as well as the surface temperature of building envelope were tested and comparatively analyzed. The test results show the current situations and features of indoor temperature changes of Tibetan-style timber dwellings, which may provide a basis for improving the thermal environment of Tibetan-style dwellings.

Study on Thermal Environment of Direct Gain Solar and Heating Rooms

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1101-1106
Author(s):  
Lin Bo Chen ◽  
Jia Ping Liu ◽  
Wei Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The indoor thermal environment usually is measured in the condition of heating or cooling. This paper studies the thermal environment in direct gain solar and heating rooms. The indoor and outdoor temperature and relative humidity, inner surface temperature, human action, and times of opening door per day, are field tested and analyzed. PMV index is used to evaluate thermal environment. The results show that the relative humidity in direct gain solar and heating rooms is too low to comfortable. The curtain from closed to open, the window inner surface temperature decreases 13.9 °C in north orientation room, and decrease 10.3 °C in south orientation room. The indoor air temperature, relative humidity and inner surface temperature at the height of 1.5 m change a little by normal opening door. Thermal environment evaluation proves that in cloudy day, north orientation room is more comfortable than the south orientation room, while in sunny day, their difference of thermal sensation decreases. So we suggest that in order to keep thermal comfort, the curtain should be closed on the condition of no solar energy, the relative humidity should be designed during heating design, and the facing correction factors should be revised, so that the south orientation room is comfort in cloudy day. For energy conservation, the north exterior window should be smaller than the south exterior window.

The Impact of Balcony Glazing on the Selected Building Envelope

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Zdenek Perina ◽  
Hana Sevcikova ◽  
Radek Fabian ◽  
Marcela Halirova ◽  
Eva Rykalova
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Impact

Current requirements for energy savings lead to improve heat insulation properties of claddings. That is the reason why thermal insulation properties are improved in existing buildings, such as additional insulation of the building envelope and replacing filling holes in the facade. The reason for the implementation of the glazing of these areas is the idea of improving the indoor climate of the living space. It is assumed that condensation of water vapor and occurrence of moulds on inner surface of the structures can happened in certain conditions of indoor air.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Indoor Thermal Environment in Commercial Kitchen

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4435-4438
Author(s):  
Da Hua Jiang ◽  
Zhi Hua Wang ◽  
Fa En Shi ◽  
Ru Shan Ren
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Indoor Contaminants ◽  
The Impact

It is of great importance to study the impact of the cooking generated contaminants on the indoor air quality in the kitchen since cooking is regarded as the main source of indoor contaminants. This study aims investigate and analysis the indoor air quality of kitchen with using CFD numerical analysis method via the velocity, temperature, humidity CO2 concentration .It is concluded that The temperature distribution are large difference in the kitchen and the maximum value is up to 324K on the work area which near the cooking ,and the CO2 concentration which is close to the stove is 1420ppm,1370ppm, 1470ppm respectively, and it is more than the acceptance criteria (CO2<1000ppm) 42%,37% and 47% respectively. It is serious impact on the staff's physical health.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sky View Factor on Daytime and Nighttime Urban Land Surface Temperature in Different Spatial-Temporal Scales: A Case Study of Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Qianhao Cheng ◽  
Yunhao Chen ◽  
Kangning Li ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Building Height ◽  
Sky View Factor ◽  
The Impact

Urban building morphology has a significant impact on the urban thermal environment (UTE). The sky view factor (SVF) is an important structure index of buildings and combines height and density attributes. These factors have impact on the land surface temperature (LST). Thus, it is crucial to analyze the relationship between SVF and LST in different spatial-temporal scales. Therefore, we tried to use a building vector database to calculate the SVF, and we used remote sensing thermal infrared band to retrieve LST. Then, we analyzed the influence between SVF and LST in different spatial and temporal scales, and we analyzed the seasonal variation, day–night variation, and the impact of building height and density of the SVF–LST relationship. We selected the core built-up area of Beijing as the study area and analyzed the SVF–LST relationship in four periods in 2018. The temporal experimental results indicated that LST is higher in the obscured areas than in the open areas at nighttime. In winter, the maximum mean LST is in the open areas. The spatial experimental results indicate that the SVF and LST relationship is different in the low SVF region, with 30 m and 90 m pixel scale in the daytime. This may be the shadow cooling effect around the buildings. In addition, we discussed the effects of building height and shading on the SVF–LST relationship, and the experimental results show that the average shading ratio is the largest at 0.38 in the mid-rise building area in winter.

scholarly journals Analyzing impact of sensor coupling on measurement representativeness of wall surface temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Thermal Coupling ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wall Surface Temperature

Poor thermal-coupling between sensor and surface is one of the most important factors causing inaccuracy in measurement. Different methods had been suggested by scientists to solve this issue. Embedding the sensor into an object was one of these methods. The goal of these simulations was to assess the impact of sensor coupling on measurement representativeness of wall surface temperature. For this purpose, a cylindrically-shaped sensor was embedded into the internal surface of the wall assembly. The levels of tightness varied from 10% to 90%, which corresponded respectively from very loose to very tight conditions. Also, in this process the impact of other factors such size and materiality of the sensors’ accuracy were evaluated and discussed briefly. In this study, the results proved that as the sensor decoupled more from the surrounding environment, more accurate data was generated from it. Also, the results from the simulations signified the importance of the temperature difference between the wall surface and the indoor air temperature. The temperature difference had a direct relationship with sensor accuracy and measurement representativeness, where smaller temperature difference was associated with higher accuracy.

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