scholarly journals Features of metallurgy waste mainly processing with account for raw material contrast

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Alexander Burdonov ◽  
Vyacheslav Barakhtenko ◽  
Konstantin Prokhorov ◽  
Yuri Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Material Contrast ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Finely Dispersed Powder

This work presents research studies of alumina-containing estimates formed during the production of aluminum on electrolyzers with self-burning anodes during technological operations at PJSC RUSAL Bratsk. Material from the territory of the electrolysis workshop, with a mark of ± 0, is a mixture of finely dispersed powder, 2.5 mm in size (on average 62.78% by weight) with pieces of material from 0.5 to 6 cm in size. , 26% by weight). As a result of the work, the particle size and chemical-metallurgical properties of an alumina-containing estimate were studied. During the research, the content of valuable components and impurities in the sample of various classes was determined. In the process of mineralogical analysis, two phases were identified in the products: dark, black-gray and light, grayish-white. It is proved that these phases have significant differences in the chemical composition of the feed. Spectroscopic studies showed significant differences in the colorimetric characteristics of the raw materials, which is a fundamental factor for the use of photometric separation. Based on preliminary studies on the separation of alumina-containing estimates by photometric separation, the fundamental possibility of purifying contaminated material from technological impurities has been established.

scholarly journals Research in the Development and Validation of the Method of Quantitative Determination of Flavonoids in the Common Sorrel Herba, Gathered in the Altai Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Kutateladze ◽  
L. M. Fedoseeva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Development And Validation

Introduction. Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) is a biennial herb from the Buckwheat family (Polygonaceae L.). In our previously studies of phenolic compounds composition of alcohol extraction and ethereal, ethyl acetate, butanol fractions of common sorrel herba and flavonoids of the flavonol group was found. From the literature sources it is known that flavonoids are one of the groups of biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory action. In this regard, the actual task is to assess the quantitative content of flavonoids in common sorrel herba.Aim. Is the development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in common sorrel herba.Materials and methods. It has been established that the flavonoid complex of common sorrel herba includes rutin, therefore, the reference sample (RS) rutin was used as a standard for calculating the amount of flavonoids. Alcohol extract of common sorrel herba and a solution of rutin RS were prepared. The complexation reaction with aluminum chloride was carried out. The resulting solutions were investigated by the method of differential spectrophotometry. The spectral characteristics of the test and standard samples were compared. Then we studied the effect of extraction conditions on the yield of flavonoids from the raw material: the extractant, the particle size of the raw material, the ratio of «raw material – extractant», temperature, frequency and duration of extraction. Purified water and ethyl alcohol of various concentrations (20%, 40%, 70%, 90%) were used as the extractant. Next, carried out the selection of the optimal conditions for the complexation reaction (the complexation reaction time, the ratio of «aliquot – aluminum chloride alcohol solution»). The method was validated according to GPM.1.1.0012.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia (SF) XIII edition and generally accepted methods for the following indicators: specificity, analytical field, linearity, accuracy, precision.Results and discussion. The optimal parameters for extracting flavonoids from raw materials were determined (threefold extraction with ethyl alcohol 70% in a water bath, the ratio of «raw material – extractant» – 1:30 for 30 minutes, the particle size of the raw material – 2.0 mm). The conditions for the complexation reaction were selected (the ratio «aliquot: aluminum chloride alcohol solution» – 1: 2.5, the complexing agent – aluminum chloride solution 5% alcohol, the appearance of a stable solution color after 40 minutes). When carrying out the validation of the developed method, it was established that the validation characteristics under study are within the acceptance criteria. When analyzing the raw materials harvested in the Altai Territory in different years, it was found that the content of flavonoids in common sorrel herba ranges from 0,596 to 0,632%.Conclusion. The optimal parameters of extraction of flavonoids from raw materials were determined, the conditions for the complexation reaction were selected, and the developed method was validated. The quantitative content of flavonoids in terms of rutin in sorrel sour grass harvested in the Altai Territory in different years has been established.

Production of Foundry Filters Using Al2O3 from the Al-Anodizing Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela G. de Moraes ◽  
Bianca G. Oliveira ◽  
Cristina Siligardi ◽  
Murilo Daniel de Mello Innocentini ◽  
Amir A.M. Oliveira Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Ceramic Filters ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Aluminum Anodizing

The manufacturing and materials transformation industries generate residues, which do not always have an adequate ecological destination. In many cases, however, these secondary products can be directly re-used as raw materials in other industrial processes. In this context, this article presents the characterization of the sludge generated in the aluminum anodizing process and emphasizes the application potential of this residue as a raw material for the production of industrial ceramic filters. Results show that the high alumina contents (89-96 wt%) and composition constancy, as well as the low particle size (~1 m) after calcination and milling, render this residue a suitable raw material to produce alumina filters with optimized properties for casting engineering metal components with better performance.

Environmental managing of bottom ashes from municipal thermovalorization waste for civil applications, as a function of particle size, based on steam washing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Caviglia ◽  
Enrico Destefanis ◽  
Davide Bernasconi ◽  
Linda Pastero ◽  
Giorgia Confalonieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>Nowadays, the production of constructional materials requires raw materials obtained through extractive activities that often imply different environmental impacts. In a perspective of a growing sensitivity towards a responsible use of natural resources the attention to materials coming from waste is focused. The waste from the municipal thermovalorization plants can be suitable for this applications, and after moderate and sustainable treatments, can find a role of raw material-second in the construction of works, reducing the need to find additional natural resources and related problems for disposal or storage. The present study aims to explore the possibility of promoting inertization (i.e. reducing the BA’s release in water of environmentally dangerous chemical species below the legal thresholds) of as large a fraction of BA as possible, using ashes from one of the municipal waste incineration plants of Northern Italy, and exploiting byproducts of the incineration cycle, i.e. the spared steam from turbines, which produce electricity, and carbon dioxide from combustion fumes. The treatments discussed are as a function of the particle size (s).  BA are partitioned into three main classes, determined by previous studies s ≥ 4.75, 4.75 > s ≥ 1, s < 1 mm; %. The BA fraction with 4.75 > s ≥ 1 mm was further divided into two portions to optimize the steam washing process: 4.75 > s ≥ 2 mm and  2 > s ≥ 1 mm. BA with s > 4.75 mm are treated with steam washing only. In fact, although they do not contain high concentrations of heavy metals, they largely surpass the Italian legislation thresholds related to the occurrence of chlorides and sulfates. Steam is generally available from modern incineration plants in a considerable amount, and it is more effective than water in removing a variety of impurities/low-crystallinity fragments from the surface of coarse grains. Inertization of BA with 4.75 > s ≥ 1 is investigated by means of both steam washing and accelerated carbonation, to optimize the combination of these methods and expand as much as possible the s-range that requires steam washing only.  As to the BA fraction with s < 1 mm, whose heavy metals content is likely larger than elsewhere, steam washing is of difficult application and therefore we resort to accelerated carbonation.</p>

Combustion Synthesis of β-SiAlON Using 3D Ball Milling

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1717-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Yi ◽  
Shota Suzuki ◽  
Xiong Zhang Liu ◽  
Ran Guo ◽  
Tomohiro Akiyama
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Material Particle

Combustion synthesis (CS) of β-SiAlON was conducted using a 3D ball mill, with a focus on the effect of the 2D/3D ball mill premixing conditions on the CS raw material particle size as well as on the yield and grain shape of the final products. The results showed that the particle size distribution of the raw materials was significantly affected by the premixing conditions. Various particle sizes and particle size distributions could easily be obtained by using a 3D mill instead of a 2D mill due to the complex biaxial rotation movement of 3D milling. The particle size was more sensitive to the rotation ratio (vertical spin/horizontal spin, Vv/Vh) than the rotation rate when using 3D milling. Finally, β-SiAlON with less than 5 mass% unreacted Si was obtained using premix milling conditions of 135×200 [vertical spin (rpm) × horizontal spin (rpm)]. The grain shapes of the final products were clearly influenced by the particle size distribution of the raw mixtures.

Technology of Gold-Containing Technogenic Raw Materials Processing Using the Electric Explosion Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Galtseva ◽  
Sergey Bordunov ◽  
Alexandr Zhiganov ◽  
Inna Plotnikova ◽  
Jian Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Electric Explosion ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Explosion Method ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gold Bearing

The paper shows fundamental possibility of processing of gold-bearing technogenic raw materials using the method of electric explosion. A series of experiments using a laboratory and pilot-production high-voltage pulsed discharge (HVPD) installation for the processes of enrichment of gold-bearing mineral raw materials of Komsomolsk mine tailings in Kemerovo region is conducted with a relatively low energy electrical discharge in the pulse of up to 112.5 Joules and the cost of electric power of about 1.5 kW/ton of raw material, that allows complete destruction of clay components agglomerations to less than 0.045 mm (micron and submicron sizes). Solid minerals such as quartz are simultaneously destroyed by defects in the grains and withdrawn from the installation with water, thus increasing gold degree of the concentrate. The results of particle-size and X-ray structural analyses of gold-bearing mineral raw materials of Komsomolsk mine tailings in Kemerovo region obtained by the method of electric explosion are discussed.

Influence of Raw Material Concentration on Product Characterization of Magnesium Hydroxide Prepared via Ammonia Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
Hui Fang Li ◽  
Li Juan Li ◽  
Zhi Qi Liu ◽  
Xiao Wu Peng ◽  
Dong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Globular Structure ◽  
Product Characterization

Magnesium hydroxide was prepared through direct precipitation using magnesium chloride and ammonia as raw materials. In this paper, we mainly studied the effects of magnesium hydroxide on product characterization when the concentration of raw materials was changed. The products were characterized through laser light particle size analysis, scan electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The study showed that a sudden change in the morphology of magnesium hydroxide products and in the polarity of the crystal occurred under the following conditions: stirring speed of 2500 rpm, reaction temperature of 60°C, ammonia to magnesium chloride ratio of 2:1, ammonia addition rate of 20 mL/min, and aging time of 30 min. As the raw material concentration was changed, the morphology of magnesium hydroxide products and the polarity of the crystal exhibited sudden change. When the concentration of magnesium chloride was changed to 0.8 mol/L, the product demonstrated a flower-like globular structure, the largest size, and the minimum polarity. When the concentration of magnesium chloride was more than 1 mol/L, the product exhibited a flake structure, no obvious aggregation and a narrow particle size distribution.

scholarly journals Analysis of a grinding efficiency in the electromagnetic mill for variable process and feed parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Marta Wołosiewicz-Głąb ◽  
Dariusz Foszcz ◽  
Daniel Saramak ◽  
Tomasz Gawenda ◽  
Damian Krawczykowski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Grinding Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Article describes issues related to the assessment of raw materials grinding efficiency in an electromagnetic mill. Application of such type of mill in grinding processes can result in measurable benefits of more efficient raw material grinding by reducing time needed to produce a product of a suitable particle size compared to conventional mills. The expected effect of application of a system based on an electromagnetic mill is to achieve a lower energy consumption of grinding process for raw material processing compared to the existing equipment used for the fine grinding. A key element of correct design of comminution circuits in processing of particular feed mineral is to identify the impact of key factors affecting the efficiency of the grinding process. The most important factors determining the efficiency of the grinding process are the time, the construction parameters of the machine, the type of grinding media used in grinding process, as well as the parameters of the feed, among others the crushing resistance or particle size. The paper presents the results of kinetic study of copper ore grinding in electromagnetic mill for variable feed particle size distribution of and different sizes of grinding media.

scholarly journals Performance of Dolomite Calcination in a Bench-Scale Rotary Kiln

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 06008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winny Wulandari ◽  
Subagjo ◽  
Anggoro Tri Mursito ◽  
Fadly Junico Juanjaya ◽  
Muhammad Faqih Alwi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Production ◽  
Higher Temperature

Dolomite calcination is one of process steps to prepare calcined dolomite for raw materials in magnesium production. Calcination of dolomite involves heating the raw material at sufficient temperature in order to release the carbon dioxide from its carbonate minerals. This process is commonly conducted in a rotary kiln. There have been a number of calcination studies in a laboratory scale, but the study of dolomite calcination in a larger scale is very scarce. This research is aimed to study the performance of dolomite calcination in a bench-scale rotary kiln with 500 gram of feed. The effect of various parameters, including temperatures, feed rate, rotating frequency, and particle size were examined. The temperature of rotary kiln was varied between 700 and 1000 °C, while the particle size of dolomite was varied between 0.149 – 0.297 mm and up to 10 – 15 mm. The temperature distribution inside the rotary kiln was also measured. It is obtained that a conversion of 92% was attained at operation temperature of 1000 °C, which is at a higher temperature compared to the laboratory scale, where a conversion of 100% was obtained at 900 °C. This imply that the effect of heat transfer also plays important role in the calcination of dolomite especially at a larger scale.

Large-Scale Fabrication of Ti3AlC2 Powder with High-Purity

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 948-951
Author(s):  
Chang An Wang ◽  
Chun Qing Peng ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Sem Observation

A synthesis method of high-pure Ti3AlC2 powder with a large scale was presented as pressureless synthesis using TiC, Ti and Al powders as starting materials at 1300~1450°C in flow Ar. The different raw material scales were tested from 2 g to 1.0 kg, and the results showed that the purities of Ti3AlC2 powders could be kept around 97 wt% at different scales of raw materials. SEM observation and particle size analysis revealed that the synthesized Ti3AlC2 powders were uniform and around 5 μm in particle size. This method can be used for mass production of Ti3AlC2 powders with high-purity.

scholarly journals Effect of raw materials on drug release from developed Ciprofloxacin tablets

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Heyam Saad Ali ◽  
Junaid Aslam ◽  
Bazigah Rasool ◽  
Saeed Ahemad Khan ◽  
Alaa Agondi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Granular Form ◽  
Key Words Ciprofloxacin ◽  
Tablet Formulations

The present study was undertaken to assess and evaluate the effect of two parameters on tablet formulation of Ciprofloxacin: a) particle size of raw material and b) storage conditions of both raw material and finished product. The raw materials were two commercial products, coarse (RM1) and fine (RM2) and locally produced granular form (RM3) prepared from RM2. Three tablet formulations were prepared from the raw materials and designated as F1, F2 and F3. The formulation F1 were prepared from RM1, F2 from RM2 by slugging and F3 from RM3 by direct compression. The raw materials and finished products were then subjected to assessment of the different parameters at the time of production and after storage for three month. The particle size distribution for the raw materials was found to be < 100, 100 – 250 and > 250 μm for RM2, RM1 and RM3, respectively. The moisture uptake at 25°C and 4°C under 75% RH was found to be the highest for the fine powder raw material (RM2), however, the developed granular form RM3 showed the least uptake. Moreover, F2 did not attain 80% dissolution after storage of 3 month. The F1 and F3 formulation passed the dissolution test after storage of 3 month, hence, F3 showed the highest value of dissolution (82%) in 30 minutes. The physicochemical properties of raw materials, storage conditions, and manufacturing techniques were found to exert a great influence over the dissolution behavior of Ciprofloxacin tablet formulations.  Key words: Ciprofloxacin tablets; dissolution behavior; physicochemical properties; storage conditionsDOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5819Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 8-15

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