scholarly journals Linguomental category of relevance and the technology of its study in the organization of scientific and educational activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 18048
Author(s):  
Natalia Chernikova ◽  
Inna Sidorova ◽  
Alexander Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Modern Russian

The legitimacy of identifying linguomental categories as a set of concepts and their verbalizing signs (linguistic units), which are characterized by homogeneity based on the commonality of a certain feature, fixing the results of human cognitive activity, has been proven. The identification of the linguomental category of relevance is substantiated, accumulating concepts (mental signs) that are socially significant at a particular historical stage, which are represented by linguistic units that form an active vocabulary of native speakers. The definition of actualema – a mental sign that objectifies the category of relevance is formulated, its features are characterized, including chronological determinism, sociocultural marking, semantic versatility, dynamism. The composition of the actual vocabulary of the modern Russian language is considered. It includes: lexical and semantic neologisms of the last decades, external borrowings, internal borrowing, updated vocabulary, nominally reoriented vocabulary. On the example of the study of the actual concept of charity and the linguistic units verbalizing it, the effectiveness of the linguo-conceptual analysis of the actualeme is shown, which revealed an obvious connection between actual concepts, language and the realities of the outside world, which is relevant both for the scientific sphere and for educational activities.

scholarly journals LINGUOMENTAL CATEGORY OF RELEVANCE AND LEXICAL MEANS OF ITS REPRESENTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Наталия Владимировна Черникова ◽  
Николай Юрьевич Рассказов ◽  
Ирина Александровна Орлова
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Linguistic Units

В статье доказана правомерность выделения лингвоментальных категорий как совокупностей концептов и вербализующих их знаков (языковых единиц), которые характеризуются однородностью на основе общности определенного признака, фиксирующего результаты когнитивной деятельности человека. Обосновано выделение лингвоментальной категории актуальности, аккумулирующей социально значимые на конкретном историческом этапе концепты (ментальные знаки), которые репрезентированы языковыми единицами, образующими активный словарь носителей языка. Сформулировано определение аткуалемы - ментального знака, объективирующего категорию актуальности; охарактеризованы ее признаки, в числе которых хронологическая детерминированность, социокультурная маркированность, смысловая разносторонность, динамичность. Рассмотрен состав актуальной лексики современного русского языка, включающий лексические и семантические неологизмы, внешние и внутренние заимствования, актуализированную и номинативно переориентированную лексику. Установлено, что состав корпуса актуалем и репрезентирующих их языковых знаков детерминирован внешними (политическими, экономическими, социокультурными) факторами. Актуальность исследования обусловлена отсутствием системного изучения динамических процессов актуализации на русском языковом материале. The article proves the legitimacy of identifying linguomental categories as sets of concepts and their verbalizing signs (linguistic units). Concepts and their verbalizing signs are characterized by homogeneity based on the commonality of a certain feature. Certain feature fixes the results of human cognitive activity. The allocation of the linguomental category of relevance is substantiated. The linguomental category of relevance accumulates concepts (mental signs) that are socially significant at a particular historical stage, which are represented by linguistic units that form an active layer of native speakers. The definition of actualema is formulated. Actualema is a mental sign that objectifies the category of relevance; its features are characterized, including chronological determinism, sociocultural marking, semantic versatility, dynamism. The composition of the actual vocabulary of the modern Russian language is considered. The composition of the actual vocabulary includes lexical and semantic neologisms, external and internal borrowings, updated and nominatively reoriented vocabulary. It has been established that the composition of the corpus of the actual and the linguistic signs representing them is determined by external (political, economic, socio-cultural) factors. The relevance of the research is due to the lack of a systematic study of the dynamic processes of actualization in Russian language material.

scholarly journals New phraseology in modern communicative space (to the question of replenishment of the corpus of chunks of language by phraseologisms with a component “electronic”)

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Oksana Evgen'evna Chernova ◽  
Aleksandra Anatol'evna Osipova ◽  
Dar'ya Sergeevna Buzhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Electronic Journal ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Electronic Textbook ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Communicative Space

Phraseological corpus of Russian language of the late XX – early XXI centuries has been enriched with multiple phraseological units. The subject of this research became neophraseologisms with “electronic” as the key component, actively used in modern publicistic discourse (electronic book, electronic textbook, electronic journal, electronic wallet, electronic library, and others). In Russia, the system of gradual fixation of emergence of new suprawords linguistic units did not form, thus composers of even the modern phraseological dictionaries include neologisms carefully, “sparsely”, often without due “linkage” to time and circumstances of their emergence, not fully answering the needs of a modern user. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that there is a need to conduct linguistic qualification and dictionary description of the Russian phraseological neologisms, emerged in the conditions of “digital pivot” of culture and formation of global communicative space. Abundance of supraword neologisms, which sensitively react to all changes in the life of society, is connected to a number of causes. On the one hand, on the background of geopolitical “redivisions” came drastic changes in the sociopolitical and socioeconomic life of the Russian native speakers. On the other hand, modern humanity is undergoing civilizational changes, caused by the “digital pivot” as coined by the renowned Polish phraseologist Wojciech Chlebda, driving formation of a global information network.

Morphological Means in Russian: Clarification of the Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Galina I. Panova ◽  
Tatiana V. Viktorina ◽  
Antonina E. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Similar Function ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Russian Language

The concept of “morphological / grammatical means” is widely used in studies on the Russian language, although there is no generally accepted interpretation. This work analyzes the reflection of this concept in Russian studies and clarifies the status of those linguistic units that are traditionally referred to as morphological means: form-building affixes, alternating sounds (internal inflection), stress, supplementary word stems, auxiliary words, intonation, as well as word order. Our research has shown that these linguistic units have different functional status in the morphological structure of the Russian language. First, these are categorical, or actually morphological, means, represented by formative affixes and auxiliary words. They are carriers of morphological meanings in the structure of abstracted morphological forms – the basic units of inflectional Russian morphology. Secondly, a non-categorical means, syncretic and accidental for morphology, are supplementary stems that contain not only lexical, but also morphological meaning and thus duplicate the expression of morphological information in a word form with a form-building affix. Thirdly, these are linguistic units that are not elements of the morphological structure, but have morphological significance, which is manifested in their ability to differentiate homonymous morphological forms in the structure of word forms (alternating sounds and stress) or utterances (intonation). Word order can also perform a similar function. The study allows us to clarify the definition of the concept under consideration: morphological means are linguistic units that are carriers of morphological meanings and constituents of morphological forms.

scholarly journals Nouns Formed with -ism Suffix as a Type of Nominalization in Modern Russian Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Zhang Shuchun ◽  
Olga V. Kukushkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
State University ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Syntactic Derivation ◽  
Moscow State University ◽  
Modern Russian

In the article Russian nouns formed with -ism suffix, often containing borrowed roots from other Indo-European languages, are analyzed from the perspective of their syntactic function as nominalization. As nominalization regarded in linguistics as a type of pure syntactic transformation (or “syntactic derivation” according to the definition of Jerzy Kuryłowicz), the -ost’ suffix as a word-formational formant for syntactic derivation is well acknowledged and described. As a contrast, the studied group of nouns with -ism suffix is seldom associated with or regarded as deadjectival nominals in previous works and dictionaries. Our analysis based on explanatory and morpheme dictionaries has shown, the motivational correlation between nouns with -ism suffix and adjectives are described in multiple ways, often contrasted one another. For instance, -isms are described in the morpheme dictionary (Lopantin, Ulukhanov 2016) as deadjectival nouns, while in the Shvedova dictionary as non-derivatives, motivating adjectives of quality. In addition, the seme ‘quality’ is also described variously in the two dictionaries – directly or using synonyms with different formants. The analysis of word-usages of -isms was conducted with the corpus “Russian Newspapers of the End of the XX Century”, developed by the Laboratory for General and Computational Lexicology and Lexicography (Lomonosov Moscow State University). The analysis has shown that the diagnostic context automatically differentiate the usage of -isms as nominalizations are the dependent names of the “feature carrier”, which as a result of nominalization has been moved from the position of subject to a dependent attribute.

TERMINOLOGY OF HANDMADE IN MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING AND FIXATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
И.А. Меркулова ◽  
М.В. Паненко
Keyword(s):  
System Of Systems ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Russian

В статье рассматриваются специфические черты терминологии хендмейд - творческой деятельности, связанной с созданием изделий ручной работы. В современном русском языке это динамически развивающаяся область терминообразования, которая требует лингвистического описания и словарной фиксации. Объектом исследования являются лексические единицы тематической группы «Хендмейд» в количестве около 200 слов. Целью исследования является определение состава и особенностей данной терминологии. С одной стороны, она демонстрирует основные черты отраслевой терминологии, с другой, - для терминологии хендмейд характерны образность, экспрессивность, полисемия, что показано на примерах. Данная терминология формируется преимущественно стихийно в рамках разговорной профессиональной коммуникации в интернет-дискурсе. Выделяются шесть основных тематических групп рассматриваемых терминов. Терминологию хендмейд можно рассматривать как систему систем, так как вокруг центрального понятия «техника или вид рукоделия» формируется разветвленная система номинаций, связанных с этой понятийной областью. Терминология хендмейд не имеет лексикографической фиксации в виде специального словаря, и нормы правописания многих слов еще только формируются. Очевидно, что в дефиницию подобных лексических номинаций желательно включать элементы толкования, а сам словарь считать толково-дефиниционным. The article studies the specific features of hand-made (creative activity associated with handwork) terminology. This is a dynamically developing area of the term formation in modern Russian, which requires linguistic description and dictionary fixation. The object of the research is the lexical units of the thematic group "Handmade" in the amount of about 200 words. The purpose of the research is to determine the composition and features of this terminology. On the one hand, it demonstrates the main features of industry terminology. On the other hand, handmade terminology is characterized by imagery, expressiveness, polysemy, as shown in examples. This terminology is formed mainly spontaneously in the framework of spoken professional communication in the Internet discourse. There are six main thematic vocabulary groups. Handmade terminology can be viewed as a system of systems. Around the central concept of “technique or type of handiwork” is formed a ramified system of nominations. Handmade terminology does not have a lexicographic fixation in the special dictionary, and the spelling norms of many words are still being formed. Obviously, that the definition of such lexical nominations should include elements of interpretation. And the dictionary itself should be considered explanatory and definitional.

Lesson in Russian Language in the Third Grade

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Ожогина ◽  
N. Ozhogina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Units

The article considers features of the technique of developing training of younger schoolchildren on an example of carrying out of a lesson in Russian on the theme « Animate and inanimate nouns». There tasks are presented in the course of which children’s knowledge on the basis of observation of linguistic units not only form the subject knowledge about the animate and inanimate nouns, but also the formation of universal educational activities.

scholarly journals Lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Yumi Chun'
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

Lexicography actively studies the integral description of words in order to understand not only the historical change in definition of the work, but also the functionality of certain words. This article describes the lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”, as well as examines the use of co-occurrence denoting the age of a person in the modern Russian language. Working with different types of dictionaries (historical, explanatory, word-forming, associative, and synonym), the author analyzes the changes in the semantics, development of word-formation and co-occurrence capacity of the linguistic unit based on the integral description. The noun “age” has numerous co-occurrence as it has appeared in the Russian language long ago, which also entailed changes in its definition. This author examines co-occurrence of the noun “age” used in dictionaries, as well as conducts their classification by biological, social, psychological, and mixed characteristics. Leaning on the Russian National Corpus, the article examines the use of the noun “age” in the modern Russian language, and its classification by the aforementioned characteristics. The conclusion is made on the frequency of the use of these characteristics.

scholarly journals Russian Paremias and the Mechanisms of Human Thinking (The Expression of Generalized Value)

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Natalia Potapova ◽  
Daria Shchukina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Level Of Thinking ◽  
Modern Russian

In the article proverbs and sayings reflecting the scope of human knowledge about the surrounding world are characterized as the material that allows to investigate cogitative processes of the native speaker. The structural and substantial features of paremias are considered, which makes it possible to use proverbs and sayings as a diagnostic tool in studying the thesaurus, peculiarities of person's psyche; in identification and investigation of disorders in operational side of thinking in psychology, pathopsychology and pedagogy. Russian paremias recorded in the National corpus of the Russian language, which were used in psychological tests to study the level of thinking, were analyzed. The results of the questionnaire survey of students of technical and humanitarian specialization, which reflect the thesaurus, the level of judgment, the development of logical thinking and intelligence, cultural values, individual knowledge and preferences of native speakers of modern Russian language are described. It is concluded that, on the basis of recipients' comprehension of generalized meaning of Russian paremias, which reflects the ability to perceive and highlight generalized conclusions about the typical life situation, it is possible to investigate the specificity of thinking of native speakers, caused by mental peculiarities, selectivity of memory mechanisms, the level of logical thinking and intelligence, and also the degree of formation of linguistic, cultural and professional competence of a modern Russian language native speaker.

scholarly journals Changes in the modern Russian language AND A.P. Skovorodnikov's contribution to their re-search

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Olga Borisovna Sirotinina
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
The Past ◽  
90Th Anniversary ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Effort Reduction ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of A. P. Skovorodnikov. It analyses his immense contribution to linguistics. He has been a pioneer in different scholarly fields, he is also well-known for his organizing activities: A. P. Skovorodnikov edited many textbooks, joint monographs, dictionaries on speech culture, effective communication and speech ecology. The author of the article points out thoroughness and profoundness as distinctive features of this scholar. The second part of the research is focused on the fast-growing changes in the Russian language which are establishing in the 21st century, their background and risks they cause. Particular attention is paid to the problem of impoverishment and vulgarization of modern Russian speech which occurs due to mental effort reduction of the native speakers, the loss of important moral concepts in their vocabulary and consciousness, and also because of connotations changes in some of these concepts. The conclusions are based on the monitoring survey performed by the author, on study of the students’ papers and every day discourse. The author is hopeful that the Russian language will stand out all the calamities as it did so in the past.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RESULTS OF BORROWING FOREIGN WORDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE A REFLECTION OF THE PROCESS OF HISTORICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN RUSSIANS AND FOREIGNERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL CHEREPNIOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON SHVETZ
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language

As was mentioned by known sociologist Kenneth Ewart Boulding, the human community, divided into various social organizations, is the most complex class of biological systems. This article is dedicated for mathematical modeling of the process of historical interaction between Russians and foreigners, which are reflected in the formation of a living Russian language. The difficulty lies not only in the large number of relationships, but also in the complexity experienced by the researcher who is inside the system under study. The natural desire to abstract in this study from the system itself can be realized using a strictly scientific approach and computational programming. Namely, by using formal objects and the same formal methods of comparing them, as is customary in mathematics, physics, and other sciences that study the laws of nature in areas that are not directly related to human being and society. To form an objective knowledge base about the interaction of social groups of people, you can use the analysis of traces of this interaction, one of which is their language. It is in the language of a people that the main factors of influence of other peoples - native speakers of another language-remain. These traces, in particular, are borrowed words and expressions. To work with such words and expressions, you must first discard those matches that can be attributed to random. Only in this case can the nature of our research be objective. This article uses statistical analysis methods to identify the fact of accidental coincidence of phonetic and semantic images of words from different languages. The basic tool we have chosen is the birthday paradox theorem. As a result, a method for identifying borrowed words that appeared in the language as a result of the interaction of native speakers of different languages, excluding the random nature of their coincidence, is obtained. The application of software definition of matching words in digitized dictionaries is justified. The method is applied to the Russian language. Conclusions are made about the history of the development of the Russian people and its language. These conclusions are that the main significant influence on the Russian population and its language was exerted by Europeans, primarily the French. At the same time, no traces of the influence of Mongolian or other Eastern languages were found. The influence of the Turkic language group and the Greek language occupy a middle position. At the same time, if the semantic load of Turkic and Greek borrowings is of a general scientific or economic nature, then European borrowings are primarily associated with trade, administration, war, and luxuries. The authors concludes that the family character of interaction between native English speakers and language groups close to the English geographically with the Russian population, since the names of the main family members are borrowed mainly from the English language, while the corresponding names was already exist in the old Slavonic language.

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