scholarly journals The Causal Agent of Fusarium Disease Infested Shallots in Java Islands of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Lina Herlina ◽  
Bonjok Istiaji ◽  
Suryo Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Susceptible Response

The success of disease control is largely determined by the validity of information about the type of causal-pathogen. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC) was reported to attack shallots and cause leaf twisting disease in Indonesia. We have conducted researches to investigate the causal agent of Fusarium disease and carried out growth tests on nine genotypes of shallots to determine the disease severity and disease indexes, and the correlation between diseases several agronomic traits. Thirty-five strains of Fusarium spp were isolated from wilted shallots tree and bulbs. Based on morphological characterization and rapid test to the isolates, they were identified as F oxysporum, F verticillioides, F solani and F proliferatum. The shallot genotypes that showed a tolerant response to FOC isolates tested were only Sumenep variety. Mentes, Tajuk, Batu Ijo, and Bima Brebes varieties show susceptible response.

scholarly journals Agro-Morphological Characterization and Assessment of Variability in Aromatic Rice Germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Parikh ◽  
NK Motiramani ◽  
NK Rastogi ◽  
B Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Selection Of

The present studies were carried out to characterize seventy-one aromatic rice germplasm from IGKV, Raipur. These germplasm were characterized and grouped on the basis of anthocyanin pigmentation, plant habit, and awning character. On the basis of pigmentation distribution in 10 plant parts, a total of twelve groups were formed with group one having no pigmentation and group twelve with pigmentation in 9 plant parts. On the basis of plant habit and awning character, three groups of each were formed. The genetic parameters for the ten agronomic traits indicated that the selection of genotypes may be done for fertile spikelets per panicle, spikelet density, spikelet sterility percentage, and hundred seed weight. Thus, on the basis of above characters, the genotypes Tulsi Mala, Baanspati, Ganga Balu, Samund Chini, Tulsi Amrit, Dudh Dhan, Kari Gilas, Shankar Jeera, and Jata Shankar may be selected for future study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11168 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 1-8, March 2012

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity, Virulence, and Meloidogyne incognita Interactions of Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Causing Cotton Wilt in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois A. Bell ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
Carlos S. Ortiz ◽  
Sandria Prom ◽  
Jose Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Soil Infestation ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Cotton Wilt ◽  
Significant Disease

Locally severe outbreaks of Fusarium wilt of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in South Georgia raised concerns about the genotypes of the causal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Vegetative complementation tests and DNA sequence analysis were used to determine genetic diversity among 492 F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates obtained from 107 wilted plants collected from seven fields in five counties. Eight vegetative complementation groups (VCG) were found, with VCG 01117B and VCG 01121 occurring in 66% of the infected plants. The newly recognized VCG 01121 was the major VCG in Berrien County, the center of the outbreaks. All eight VCG resulted in significant increases in the percentages of wilted leaves (27 to 53%) and significant reductions in leaf weight (40 to 67%) and shoot weight (33 to 60%) after being stem punctured into Gossypium hirsutum ‘Rowden’. They caused little or no significant reductions in shoot weight and height or increases in foliar symptoms and vascular browning in a soil-infestation assay. Soil infestation with Meloidogyne incognita race 3 (root-knot nematode) alone also failed to cause significant disease. When coinoculated with M. incognita race 3, all VCG caused moderate to severe wilt. Therefore, the VCG identified in this study belong to the vascular-competent pathotype, and should pose similar threats to cotton cultivars in the presence of the root-knot nematode. Use of nematode-resistant cultivars, therefore, is probably the best approach to control the disease in Georgia.

Prairie Thunder flax

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
E. O. Kenaschuk
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Made In

Duguid, S. D., Rashid, K. Y. and Kenaschuk, E. O. 2014. Prairie Thunder flax. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 445–449. Prairie Thunder, medium-maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was released in 2006 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. Developed from the cross AC Watson/FP1043 made in 1995, Prairie Thunder was evaluated in the Flax Cooperative Trials (2002–2004) before being registered in 2006. Prairie Thunder's desirable combination of improved agronomic traits, seed quality and superior wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. lini (Bolley) Snyder & Hansen) resistance should make this cultivar useful for producers and the flax industry.

scholarly journals Centenary of Soil and Air Borne Wheat Karnal Bunt Disease Research: A Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Mir Asif Iquebal ◽  
Pallavi Mishra ◽  
Ranjeet Maurya ◽  
Sarika Jaiswal ◽  
Anil Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tilletia Indica ◽  
Causal Pathogen

Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), known as partial bunt has its origin in Karnal, India and is caused by Tilletia indica (Ti). Its incidence had grown drastically since late 1960s from northwestern India to northern India in early 1970s. It is a seed, air and soil borne pathogen mainly affecting common wheat, durum wheat, triticale and other related species. The seeds become inedible, inviable and infertile with the precedence of trimethylamine secreted by teliospores in the infected seeds. Initially the causal pathogen was named Tilletia indica but was later renamed Neovossia indica. The black powdered smelly spores remain viable for years in soil, wheat straw and farmyard manure as primary sources of inoculum. The losses reported were as high as 40% in India and also the cumulative reduction of national farm income in USA was USD 5.3 billion due to KB. The present review utilizes information from literature of the past 100 years, since 1909, to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of KB, its causal pathogen, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, etc. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is gaining popularity in revolutionizing KB genomics for understanding and improving agronomic traits like yield, disease tolerance and disease resistance. Genetic resistance is the best way to manage KB, which may be achieved through detection of genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The genome-wide association studies can be applied to reveal the association mapping panel for understanding and obtaining the KB resistance locus on the wheat genome, which can be crossed with elite wheat cultivars globally for a diverse wheat breeding program. The review discusses the current NGS-based genomic studies, assembly, annotations, resistant QTLs, GWAS, technology landscape of diagnostics and management of KB. The compiled exhaustive information can be beneficial to the wheat breeders for better understanding of incidence of disease in endeavor of quality production of the crop.

scholarly journals Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum causal agent of gladiolus corm rot by streptomycetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Ameyally Rios-Hernández ◽  
Alberto Uc-Varguez ◽  
Zahaed Evangelista-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Causal Agent

<em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> causa la pudrición del cormo en gladiolo provocando pérdidas de hasta el 100%. Se seleccionaron aislados de Fusarium a partir de cormos infectados, se identificó morfológica y molecularmente y se seleccionó un aislado a partir de prueba de patogenicidad. Se seleccionó entre 22 aislados de estreptomicetos una cepa que presentó una actividad antagonista del 40% contra <em>Fusarium</em>. Se obtuvo el Extracto Bioactivo (EB) mediante Fermentación en Fase Sólida y se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) y concentración mínima letal (MLC) por el método de microdilución. Se obtuvo una MIC para el EB de 0.19 mg mL-1 y una MLC de 0.38 mg mL-1, que se confirmó con un ensayo de germinación de microconidios a 8 h, mostrando un porcentaje de inhibición del 17 y 98% para ¼ y ½ de la MIC. Se evaluó el efecto del EB a 1 y 2 MIC’s de concentración contra la pudrición en cormos de gladiolo infectados, obteniendo un efecto protector en los cormos al mantener su dureza después de 15 días, en comparación con el fungicida Carbendazim. Los resultados indican a <em>Streptomyces</em> sp., como un potencial agente de control biológico contra <em>F. oxysporum</em>.

scholarly journals Morphological and pathogenic characterization of Fusarium oxysporum in lulo (Solanum spp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
Yohana Patricia Anama ◽  
Ricardo Díaz ◽  
David Esteban Duarte-Alvarado ◽  
Tulio Cesar Lagos-Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Genotype G1

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most limiting fungal pathogens of lulo crop. To determine its pathogenicity, this work morphologically and pathogenically characterized F. oxysporum isolates from different lulo-growing municipalities of the Department of Nariño. Twenty isolates were evaluated through a completely randomized design with two factors and three replicates per treatment, including a control. The first factor corresponded to 20 isolates of F. oxysporum and the second to 10 lulo genotypes. The morphological characterization involved determining growth rate (GR), color (CO), mycelial type (MT), medium coloration (Mc), shape (Sh), size (S), number (N) of macroconidial (Ma) and microconidial (Mi) septa, presence of chlamydospores (PC), and chlamydospore shape (CS). Moreover, the pathogenic characterization was based on the incubation period (IP), absolute growth rate (AGR), disease severity (DS), disease incidence (I), and vascular discoloration (VD). The morphological characterization demonstrated that all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporum. For IP, genotype G1 showed the lowest average at 18 days. For AGR, genotype G2 had the lowest height increase at 0.05 cm.day-1. For DS, genotype G1 reached the highest severity level (level 9) and a disease incidence of 100%. This study provides the first report of the special form of F. oxysporum f. sp. quitoense in Nariño. Solanum hirtum, Solanum sessiliflorum, and Solanum estramonifolium were resistant to the isolates evaluated, demonstrating that wild species should be considered as sources of resistance for breeding programs aiming to obtain resistant commercial genotypes.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI PATOGEN GETAH KUNING MANGGIS MELALUI PENDEKATAN POSTULAT KOCH DAN ANALISIS SECARA MOLEKULER

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
I Ketut Suada ◽  
Ni Wayan Suniti
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Bitter Fruit

Isolation and identification of mangosteen yellow latex pathogen through Koch’s Postulate application and molecular analysis. The yellow latex disease decreases fruit quality of mangosteen because exogenic latex causes dirty fruit and the endogenic latex makes the bitter fruit taste and does not deserve to be consumed. The causal agent of the disease caused phusilogical disorder so that cells break due to unstability of cell turgor, the drift irrigation treatment was able to decrease the disease of 35.22%, therefore the causal agent could be microbe that promote the yellow latex. This research was aimed to find the yellow latex pathogens with its characteristics. The Koch Postulate was apllied to isolate and proved the microbes associated to the yellow latex and molecular analysis was constructed subsequently to find the microbe species.  The result of the research proved that there were three fungus species as the biotic agent responsible to the disease. The fungus were Verticillium albo-atrum with the highest pathogenecity ( 74.87%), followed by Fusarium oxysporum ( 70.15%), and Pestalotia macrotricha (20.32%).

Evaluation of pyrimethanil (Scala) for the control of Botrytis cinerea on harvested Geraldton waxflower

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Taylor ◽  
A. H. Wearing ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
D. H. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Water Treated Control

Pyrimethanil (Scala) is a fungicide that might be used for control of Botrytis cinerea infecting Geraldton waxflower. New treatments are sought to reduce the risk of developing strains of B. cinerea that are resistant to fungicides commonly used against it, such as benomyl (Benlate) or iprodione (Rovral). Scala was applied to waxflower as a postharvest dip at 1.5 or 2 mL product/L. Disease severity on and flower and leaf drop from waxflower bunches pre-inoculated with B. cinerea were significantly (P = 0.05) reduced by treatment with Scala. Further, flower and foliage vase lives were significantly (P = 0.05) longer as a result of postharvest treatment with Scala as compared with water-treated (control) stems. Similar degrees of disease control where achieved with either Scala or Rovral. The results demonstrate that Scala has real potential as an alternative fungicide for control of B. cinerea on waxflower.

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