Analysis of Leachate and Water Resource Quality Surrounding Municipal Solid Waste Landfill of Tamellast (Agadir, Morocco)

The aim of this work was to study the physicochemical characterization and heavy metal testing results carried out for leachate generated by the landfilling of household and similar waste in the Tamellast landfill of Agadir. The surface and groundwater resource (often used as drinking source) samples collected from Tamellast and different water sources wells surrounding the landfill were used to find out the impact of leachate percolation on surface and groundwater quality. The Physico-chemical parameters analyzed were, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved oxygen, Sodium, Potassium, while biological parameters tested were Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), E.Coli and Coliform tot. The contamination was investigated by measuring the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, and Fe). The Electrical Conductivity (EC), COD, BOD, Sodium, Potassium, in leachate were found to be 13180 µs/cm, 3150 mgO2/l, 1000 mgO2/l, 2000 mg/L, and 10700 mg/L, respectively. The concentration in the surrounding dug wells varied from 8.33 – 9.13 mg/L for Dissolved Oxygen, 9.8 – 18 mg/L for potassium, 0.22 – 0.6 mg/L for Fe, and 0.012 – 0.1 mg/L for total Mn. The concentration of Mn, Fe, and other parameters decreased with increasing distance between the landfill and wells.

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Impact of Industrial Effluent Discharge on the Physico-chemical Properties of Aleto Stream, Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i130183 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 79-89

Author(s):

S. L. Gbarakoro ◽

T. N. Gbarakoro ◽

W. L. Eebu

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Permissible Limits ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Effluent Discharge ◽

Rivers State ◽

The Impact

Aim: This research work aimed to determine the impact of industrial effluent discharge on the physicochemical properties of Aleto Stream, Eleme and Rivers State. Study Design: Random sampling technique was applied in this study. The study area was divided into three sites; upstream, downstream all of Aleto Stream and Agbonchia Stream which serves for the control experiment. Water samples for eleven physical and six chemical parameters were collected in a Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out on Aleto and Agbonchia streams at Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria from 2017 to 2018. Methodology: Two samples were collected; one sample at the Aleto stream where the industrial effluent is being channelled into the stream and the other sample was collected from Agbonchia stream, which was used as a control. In the Aleto Stream, sampling was made at two points; point A (upstream) point B (downstream) and each of these points had their Physico-chemical properties tested while only one sample was collected from the Agbonchia Stream. Physico-chemical properties were analyzed in the samples using pH meter for pH, Turbidity meter for turbidity, Conductivity meter for electrical conductivity, phosphate by colourimetric method, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS) by gravimetric method, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by standard method, chloride, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), calcium hardness, total hardness by titrimetric method, colour, odour and taste by sensory method. Results: Results obtained on the Physico-chemical properties had varying concentrations of Temperature, Total hardness, Chloride, Alkalinity, DO and Phosphate that were within world health organization (24) and Federal Ministry of Environment (1991) permissible limits on both upstream and downstream with values ranging from 29.0-23.7oC, 360-125 mg/l, 120-100 mg/l, 36-30 mg/l, 4.9-4.4 mg/l, 1.92-1.2 mg/l respectively while Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, TSS, TDS, Calcium hardness, COD, BOD, Colour, Taste and Odour were above permissible limits on both upstream and downstream with values ranging from 1660-1700 mg/l, 83-112NTU, 82-80 mg/l, 910-914 mg/l, 1590-1900 mg/l, 100-165 mg/l, 4.36-3.88 mg/l respectively. The pH values ranged from 9.0-6.3 mg/l showing a result on the upstream to be alkaline while the downstream was slightly acidic. The increase in the above parameters above their permissible limits is as a result of the impact of industrial effluent discharges drained into the stream. This indicates that the stream is unfit for both human and aquatic inmates. Conclusion: Therefore, proper management of this effluent should be ensured and an acute test with lethal concentration (LC50) as the endpoint is recommended to determine the degree of toxicity of the effluent waste.

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Assessment of surface water physico-chemical parameters of Yardantsi Reservoir, Gusau Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v11i1.32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 183-188

Author(s):

A.M. Jabbi ◽

Z.R. Sani ◽

A.T. Rabiu ◽

M.L. Balarabe ◽

A.K. Adamu

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Surface Water ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

World Health ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Significant Seasonal Variation

The Yardantsi Reservoir, Gusau Nigeria serves multitude of purposes for the Gusau populace. It is the main source of water for domestic purpose, irrigation, and fishing. The reservoir receives both organic and inorganic waste through runoffs and seepage from the catchment areas. The physico- chemical parameters of the surface water were investigated monthly from May, 2015 to April, 2017. Samples were collected from five sampling stations and analyzed using standard procedures for examination of water and waste water. The data obtained was subjected to multivariate analysis using Microsoft office excels and SPSS. The results showed the following mean seasonal variation of surface water temperature (26.62±0.34– 30.12±0.17ᴼC),transparency (48.82±1.08- 22.07±0.87cm), mean depth (2.12±0.05-2.65±0.04m), pH (7.61±0.15-7.96±0.13), electrical conductivity (186.32±3.84- 108.05±5.43µS/cm), total dissolved solids (96.00±1.95- 63.70±3.68mg/L), dissolved oxygen (7.80±0.11-6.91±0.10mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (2.71±0.09-2.48±0.05mg/L), alkalinity (40.57±0.69–27.87±0.51mg/L), hardness (59.20±1.01– 32.18±0.94mg/L), NO3-N (2.28±0.08-4.44±0.07mg/L), PO4-P (123.72±1.44-173.48 ± 2.78 mg/L), sulphate (31.62±1.45-71.80±1.82mg/L) and chloride (74.08±1.67- 37.64±0.96mg/L) for dry and rainy seasons respectively. The results revealed that a highly significant seasonal variation (p<0.01) was exhibited in all parameters with the exception of pH which shows no significant seasonal variation (p>0.05) and biochemical oxygen demand, which shows a significant seasonal variation (p<0.05). The results of this survey showed that the parameters observed indicated that most of them fall within the recommended range set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ).Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, reservoir, temperature

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Assessment of Drain Water Used for Irrigation in the Delhi Region

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-10.26.200610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (26) ◽

pp. 200610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deepak Gola ◽

Arghya Bhattacharya ◽

Priyadarshini Dey ◽

Anushree Malik ◽

Shaikh Ziauddin Ahammad

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Human Health ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Drain Water ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Multiple Heavy Metals

Background. Industries such as electroplating, mining and battery production are major sources of heavy metal-rich waste entering nearby water bodies. Irrigation with heavy metal contaminated water can deteriorate soil quality as well as agricultural produce and have further toxic effects on human health. Objectives. The objective of the present study was to estimate the concentration of hazardous heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), as well as physico-chemical variables (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen) at sampling locations along the Najafgarh and Loha mandi drains in Delhi, National Capital Region, India. Methods. The present study evaluated the quality of wastewater from the Najafgarh and Loha mandi drains, which are used for irrigational purposes in the Delhi region. Drain water quality was monitored for a period of 2 years for physico-chemical variables (pH, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen) as well as heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and Pb). The two-year monitoring period (July 2012–March 2014) was chosen to represent three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon. Results. Varied concentrations of multiple heavy metals were found due to the extensive discharge of untreated industrial effluents into the drain water. Punjabi Bagh of Najafgarh drain was the most contaminated sampling site with the maximum concentration of Zn (12.040 ± 0.361 mg L−1), followed by Cr (2.436 ± 0.073mg L−1) and Cu (2.617 ± 0.078 mg L−1). Conclusions. Consumption of heavy metal-contaminated agricultural products can cause deleterious human health effects, leading to further health problems. The presence of multi-heavy metal ions above the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) permissible limits indicated that drain water was not suitable for irrigational purposes, and adequate measures are required to remove the heavy metal load from drain water. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0370 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Sarah Jubb ◽

Philip Hulme ◽

Ian Guymer ◽

John Martin

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

River Hydraulics ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

The Impact ◽

Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

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Impact of Global Warming on Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Assimilative Capacity of the World’s Rivers: Modeling Analysis

Water ◽

10.3390/w13172408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2408

Author(s):

Steven C. Chapra ◽

Luis A. Camacho ◽

Graham B. McBride

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Cold Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxygen Depletion ◽

Assimilative Capacity ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Modeling Analysis ◽

Lower Oxygen ◽

The Impact

For rivers and streams, the impact of rising water temperature on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) assimilative capacity depends on the interplay of two independent factors: the waterbody’s dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation and its self-purification rate (i.e., the balance between BOD oxidation and reaeration). Although both processes increase with rising water temperatures, oxygen depletion due to BOD oxidation increases faster than reaeration. The net result is that rising temperatures will decrease the ability of the world’s natural waters to assimilate oxygen-demanding wastes beyond the damage due to reduced saturation alone. This effect should be worse for nitrogenous BOD than for carbonaceous BOD because of the former’s higher sensitivity to rising water temperatures. Focusing on streams and rivers, the classic Streeter–Phelps model was used to determine the magnitude of the maximum or “critical” DO deficit that can be calculated analytically as a function of the mixing-point BOD concentration, DO saturation, and the self-purification rate. The results indicate that high-velocity streams will be the most sensitive to rising temperatures. This is significant because such systems typically occur in mountainous regions where they are also subject to lower oxygen saturation due to decreased oxygen partial pressure. Further, they are dominated by salmonids and other cold-water fish that require higher oxygen levels than warm-water species. Due to their high reaeration rates, such systems typically exhibit high self-purification constants and consequently have higher assimilation capacities than slower moving lowland rivers. For slow-moving rivers, the total sustainable mixing-point concentration for CBOD is primarily dictated by saturation reductions. For faster flowing streams, the sensitivity of the total sustainable load is more equally dependent on temperature-induced reductions in both saturation and self-purification.

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Study of Ponds in Kathmandu Valley and Analysis of their Present Situation

Historical Journal ◽

10.3126/hj.v12i1.35438 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 38-54

Author(s):

Bikash Adhikari ◽

Anmol Parajuli ◽

Prakash Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Field Survey ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Present Situation ◽

Control Fish ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

E Coli ◽

Dug Wells ◽

And Control

Ponds in Kathmandu were constructed to feed the sub surface aquifers of stone spouts and dug wells at all seasons. The study focuses on how the ponds have been saved, reduced in size or completely lost. The causes behind the degradation of ponds are forces of intervention and disturbances that lead to the loss of the originality, quality and quantity of ponds throughout its timeline. Out of eight existing ponds in the study area, 10 samples were taken from eight different ponds for quality assessment. The historical significances and status, uses as of 2019 are tabulated based on field survey. The paper focuses on the study of pH, Total Solids, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonia, Nitrate, Phosphate, Ammonia, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Matter, Chlorophyll, E. Coli, and dimensions of existing ponds. The physical, social stresses and lack of regular inspection of ponds have contributed to their degradation. However, the existing ponds require sustainable management. Proper safeguarding mechanism should be developed for the regular aeration of water in the ponds such as fountains so that the ponds have more dissolved oxygen eliminating faulty smell and control fish death.

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Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Characterstics of Tapi Estuary in Hazira Industrial Area

Our Nature ◽

10.3126/on.v10i1.7811 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 249-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M Gadhia ◽

R Surana ◽

E Ansari

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Total Solid ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physico Chemical

Present study was carried out to determine the important physico chemical parameters of water of Tapi estuary in Hazira industrial area. Tapi estuary receives the inputs of organic matter and nutrients coming from the domestic wastewater discharges from Surat City, a textile hub as well as industrial effluents from Hazira, a major industrial Complex of Gujarat, India. Uncontrolled discharges of domestic wastes and industrial effluents have affected the estuary. Present study was carried out from June - 2011 to May 2012 to study the impacts of uncontrolled discharges on physicochemical characteristics of water. Samples were collected monthly in the morning during low tide to determine the important physico chemical parameters Viz. Turbidity, conductivity, total solid, total dissolved solid, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, Calcium, chloride, sodium , potassium and nutrients like nitrate, nitrite and phosphate. Dissolved oxygen was found extremely low during the study period. High biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen demand (COD) showed that the water quality of estuary has been affected by industrial and domestic effluents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7811

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Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Near by Places of Anand District,Gujarat, India

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/671978 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 487-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Arunabh Mishra ◽

Vasishta Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Bacteriological Study ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Microbial Study

A report of physico-chemical and microbial study of the water samples taken from the region nearby Anand district of central Gujarat is presented here. Six water samples are subjected to physico- chemical analysis like pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand. The MPN count resulted from the bacteriological study of these samples has given the information regarding the suitability of the water for drinking and other domestic applications. The results are analyzed comparatively and conclusions regarding the suitability of the use of such waters are made.

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Physicochemical characterization of agricultural run-off and groundwater inoculated by Trichoderma asperellum and its effect on anti-oxidative enzymes production by irrigated Trifolium alexandrinum L.

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.3272-3284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 3272-3284

Author(s):

Tarek M. Abdel Ghany ◽

Mohamed S. Mahmoud ◽

Mohamed M. Alawlaqi ◽

Ahmed M. Reyad ◽

Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxidative Enzymes ◽

Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽

Trichoderma Asperellum ◽

Water Safety ◽

Run Off ◽

Microbial Analysis ◽

The Impact

Water safety and security has become a great problem in recent years, as the shortage of water resources in most countries is becoming an increasingly serious issue. Therefore, searching for new water sources or treating contaminated water has become a major requirement to covering the shortage of fresh water. The current study evaluated the impact of Trichoderma asperellum on the physicochemical characterization of agricultural run-off (AR) compared with groundwater (GW). Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia, total nitrogen (TN), and total dissolved salts (TDS) of AR were higher than that of GW with 90, 90.2, 91.9, 78, and 61.6%, respectively. The addition of T. asperellum to AR caused the COD, BOD5, ammonia, TN, and TDS to decrease 47.2, 39.2, 16.2, 12.9, and 4.8%, respectively. Contents of metals in AR or GW were decreased by T. asperellum. Microbial analysis of soil irrigated by AR in contrast to irrigated by GW showed the presence of a high number of bacteria (32 × 106 CFU), actinomycetes (18 × 104 CFU), and fungi (13 × 104 CFU). Trifolium alexandrinum growth and its antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase) were enhanced by AR inoculated by T. asperellum compared with un-inoculated AR or GW.

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Physico-Chemistry of Surface Water Impacted by Crude Oil Spills in Bodo/Bonny Rivers, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2021/v24i530234 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

David N. Ogbonna ◽

Sebastine A. Ngah ◽

Patrick O. Youdeowei ◽

Matthew E. Origbe

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Surface Water ◽

Crude Oil ◽

River Water ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Ph Value ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pond Water ◽

Fish Pond ◽

Physico Chemical

The surface water resources of Bodo/Bonny communities in Rivers State suffers regular pollution of its ecosystem due to increase in crude oil exploration, refining and activities of other industrial establishments operating within the coastal areas of the Ogoniland of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This have resulted in the wide scale contamination of most of its creeks, swamps and rivers with hydrocarbons and dispersant products resulting in the alteration of the ecological integrity of fragile aquatic systems, bioaccumulation of chemical contaminants by zoobenthos, sediment enrichment, and smothering or asphyxiation of the organisms in water by oil coating, thereby causing death. These conditions have resulted in serious threat to public health and the ecosystems. The study was aimed at determining the physico-chemical characteristics of Bodo/Bonny coastal waters impacted by crude oil spills and their effect on the marine ecosystems. Surface water was collected from 5 stations (BBW1, BBW2, BBW3, BBW4 and LFPW5) with LFPW5 serving as control. Physico-chemical parameters were investigated following standard methods. The results of the physicochemical characteristics of the various sampling points in the dry season showed that pH, TDS and Electrical conductivity values showed statistically significant differences at P < 0.005. pH was slightly acidic in all sampling locations except for the Link fish pond, the values ranged from 6.20–6.40 which was below DPR Limit of 6.5-8.5 for potable water, TDS recorded 43175–57075 mg/L above DPR permissible Limit of 5000mg/L. Electrical Conductivity (EC) values ranged from 54050 -57050 µS/cm. The Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Turbidity, Chloride recorded in this study varied significantly at P< 0.05. Results of the physicochemical parameters of surface water in the wet season fell within the standard limits except for the conductivity that was above the permissible limits. Comparatively the mean pH value of surface river water with Linked fish pond water which served as the control revealed that the Link fish pond water had the highest pH value of 7.9 than the surface river water samples with a pH of 6.4, TDS (60,200 mg/L), Electrical Conductivity (EC) (µS/cm3) followed a similar pattern with the mean EC value of 55,800 mg/L as against 750mg/L for the Link Fish pond water. Temperature recorded 310C as against 300C for the link fish pond while the Salinity (mg/L) of the surface river water was 31.63 mg/L. Dissolved Oxygen was 2.3 mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand values for the surface river water was 0.49 mg/L while the Link fish pond water had 0.3mg/L. These values obtained in this study shows that the spilled oil in the water could impact on species abundance and biomass by depleting and depriving the fishes from available O2 for survival thus resulting in asphyxiation.

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