Study on infection of blueberry explants with different antibiotics

The effects of streptomycin sulfate, carbendazim, penicillin and nystatin on the inhibition of fungi and bacteria in blueberry explants were studied. The results showed that the addition of streptomycin sulfate or penicillin with different concentrations in the medium had a certain inhibitory and killing effect on bacteria in blueberry explant contamination, while the addition of carbendazim or nystatin had a certain inhibitory and killing effect on fungi in blueberry explant contamination. When the concentration of streptomycin sulfate in the medium reached 60units / mL, the highest survival rate was 44.0%, and the bacterial infection rate was the lowest. When the concentration of carbendazim in the medium was 0.4 mg/mL, the survival rate reached 40.5%, and the fungal infection rate decreased greatly. When the penicillin concentration in the medium reached 40mg/mL, the lowest infection rate of bacteria was 4.0%, and the highest survival rate was 31.5%. When the concentration of nystatin in the medium reached 40mg/L, the highest survival rate was 34.5%. Therefore, streptomycin sulfate had better inhibitory effect on bacteria, while carbendazim had better inhibitory effect on fungi, which provided reference for future research.

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The host transcriptional response to Candidemia is dominated by neutrophil activation and heme biosynthesis and supports novel diagnostic approaches

Genome Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13073-021-00924-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julie M. Steinbrink ◽

Rachel A. Myers ◽

Kaiyuan Hua ◽

Melissa D. Johnson ◽

Jessica L. Seidelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Host Response ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Neutrophil Activation ◽

Heme Biosynthesis ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Approaches

Abstract Background Candidemia is one of the most common nosocomial bloodstream infections in the United States, causing significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, but the breadth of the host response to Candida infections in human patients remains poorly defined. Methods In order to better define the host response to Candida infection at the transcriptional level, we performed RNA sequencing on serial peripheral blood samples from 48 hospitalized patients with blood cultures positive for Candida species and compared them to patients with other acute viral, bacterial, and non-infectious illnesses. Regularized multinomial regression was utilized to develop pathogen class-specific gene expression classifiers. Results Candidemia triggers a unique, robust, and conserved transcriptomic response in human hosts with 1641 genes differentially upregulated compared to healthy controls. Many of these genes corresponded to components of the immune response to fungal infection, heavily weighted toward neutrophil activation, heme biosynthesis, and T cell signaling. We developed pathogen class-specific classifiers from these unique signals capable of identifying and differentiating candidemia, viral, or bacterial infection across a variety of hosts with a high degree of accuracy (auROC 0.98 for candidemia, 0.99 for viral and bacterial infection). This classifier was validated on two separate human cohorts (auROC 0.88 for viral infection and 0.87 for bacterial infection in one cohort; auROC 0.97 in another cohort) and an in vitro model (auROC 0.94 for fungal infection, 0.96 for bacterial, and 0.90 for viral infection). Conclusions Transcriptional analysis of circulating leukocytes in patients with acute Candida infections defines novel aspects of the breadth of the human immune response during candidemia and suggests promising diagnostic approaches for simultaneously differentiating multiple types of clinical illnesses in at-risk, acutely ill patients.

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The small molecule ZY-214-4 may reduce the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting pigment production

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02113-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Yu ◽

Lulin Rao ◽

Lingling Zhan ◽

Bingjie Wang ◽

Qing Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Small Molecule ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pigment Production ◽

Silkworm Larvae ◽

Pigment Synthesis ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Oxidant Sensitivity

Abstract Background In recent years, clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates have become highly resistant to antibiotics, which has raised concerns about the ability to control infections by these organisms. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of a new small molecule, ZY-214-4 (C19H11BrNO4), on S. aureus pigment production. Results At the concentration of 4 μg/mL, ZY-214-4 exerted a significant inhibitory effect on S. aureus pigment synthesis, without affecting its growth or inducing a toxic effect on the silkworm. An oxidant sensitivity test and a whole-blood killing test indicated that the S. aureus survival rate decreased significantly with ZY-214-4 treatment. Additionally, ZY-214-4 administration significantly reduced the expression of a pigment synthesis-related gene (crtM) and the superoxide dismutase genes (sodA) as determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. ZY-214-4 treatment also improved the survival rate of S. aureus-infected silkworm larvae. Conclusions The small molecule ZY-214-4 has potential for the prevention of S. aureus infections by reducing the virulence associated with this bacterium.

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Frequency and types of skin disorders and associated diabetes mellitus in elderly Jordanians

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2002.8.4-5.574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4-5) ◽

pp. 574-578

Author(s):

F. Najdawi ◽

M. Fa'ouri

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Skin Disorder ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

The Elderly ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Considerable Morbidity

A retrospective study of 232 elderly patients seen between August 1998 and April 2000 at the skin clinic in Princess Haya hospital, Aqaba, was undertaken to determine the prevalence of skin disorders, and those most commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, in the elderly. Eczema/dermatitis was the commonest skin disorder seen [25.9% of cases], followed by pruritus without skin lesions [15.1%], viral infection [14.7%, most commonly herpes zoster], fungal infection [13.8%], and bacterial infection [10.3%]. Bacterial infection was the commonest skin disorder in patients with diabetes mellitus [62.5%], followed by fungal infection [50.0%]. Skin diseases cause considerable morbidity in elderly people; health promotion and education can do much to reduce the risks of these disorders in the elderly, especially those with diabetes

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2,4-EPIBRASSIONOLIDE ACTIVATES PRIMING RESISTANCE AGAINST RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER INFECTION IN PEACH FRUIT

Acta Alimentaria ◽

10.1556/066.2020.49.2.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 135-143

Author(s):

C.H. Li ◽

M.Y. Du ◽

K.T. Wang

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

The Other ◽

Antifungal Compounds ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Peach Fruit ◽

Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Direct Toxicity

This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2,4-epibrassionolide (EBR) on mold decay caused by Rhizopus stolonifer and its capability to activate biochemical defense reactions in postharvest peaches. The treatment of EBR at 5 μM possessed the optimum effectiveness on inhibiting the Rhizopus rot in peach fruit among all treatments. The EBR treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of a set of defense-related enzymes and PR genes that included PpCHI, PpGns1, PpPAL, PpNPR1, PpPR1 and PpPR4 as well as led to an enhancement for biosynthesis of phenolics and lignins in peaches during the incubation at 20 °C. Interestingly, the EBR-treated peaches exhibited more striking expressions of PR genes and accumulation of antifungal compounds upon inoculation with the pathogen, indicating a priming defense could be activated by EBR. On the other hand, 5 μM EBR exhibited direct toxicity on fungal proliferation of R. stolonifer in vitro. Thus, we concluded that 5 μM EBR inhibited the Rhizopus rot in peach fruit probably by a direct inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and an indirect induction of a priming resistance. These findings provided a potential alternative for control of fungal infection in peaches during the postharvest storage.

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Effect of Superparamagnetic DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 Combined with Carmustine on Cervical Cancer

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.18596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 6196-6204

Author(s):

Shu Wen ◽

Weiping Xing ◽

Lingxue Gao ◽

Shuping Zhao

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽

Combined Chemotherapy ◽

Killing Effect ◽

Cervical Cancer Cells

This study aimed to investigate the effects of DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapy drug carmustine on cervical cancer cells under a certain intensity of alternating magnetic field. And the role of Mir-590-3P in the development and progression of cervical cancer. The optimal thermotherapy concentration of γ-Fe2O3 nanomaterials on cervical cancer cells was determined by in vitro heating. In addition, the MTT colorimetric method was used to evaluate the toxic effect of γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles on cervical cancer cells, and the optimal therapeutic concentration of carbachol on cervical cancer cells was optimized (0.015 g · L−1). The cervical cancer cells were divided into control, γ-Fe2O3 hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 combined chemotherapy groups. After 2 h exposure to hypothermic conditions, flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis for each group. The heating effect of the γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanomaterials was apparent. When the concentration of γ-Fe2O3 was ≥6 g· L−1, the temperature rise above 41 °C. γ-Fe2O3 is non-toxic to cervical cancer cells and has good biocompatibility. Taking the drug concentration of IC25 as the working concentration of this study, the working concentration of carmustine was 0.015 g · L−1. Both the 41 °C heat treatment and chemotherapy alone had a killing effect on glioma and cervical cancer cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, the combined inhibitory effect of DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy and drugs at this temperature was significantly stronger than that of thermotherapy and chemotherapy alone (P < 0.05). For the control, gamma-Fe2O3 hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 combined chemotherapy groups, the apoptosis rates of the cervical cancer cells were 1.4%, 18.6%, 24.12%, and 38.97%, respectively. DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapeutic drug carmustine exerted a noticeable toxic effect on the cervical cancer cells, and DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 significantly enhanced the killing effect of carmustine on cervical cancer cells.

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Epidemiological and Histopathological Investigation of Sarcocystis spp. in Slaughtered Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7040162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Ahmed Gareh ◽

Mahmoud Soliman ◽

Amira A. Saleh ◽

Fatma A. El-Gohary ◽

Heba M. M. El-Sherbiny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cardiac Muscle ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Future Research ◽

Health Issues ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Sarcocystis Spp ◽

Wide Range

Sarcocystosis is considered one of the major parasitic diseases with a worldwide distribution. It is caused by the obligatory intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis. Besides its public health issues, sarcocystosis results in significant economic losses due to its impact on productivity and milk yield. A wide range of final and intermediate hosts have been identified, including mammals, birds, and reptiles; however, few studies have investigated the contribution of camels to maintaining the epidemiological foci of the disease in countries such as Egypt. The present study was conducted to grossly and histopathologically identify the prevalence rate of Sarcocystis spp. in camels (N = 100) from the Aswan Governorate, Egypt. Furthermore, the major risk factors related to the development of sarcocystosis in camels were investigated. Samples from the diaphragm, cardiac muscle, esophagus, and testes of the slaughtered camels were collected. Interestingly, Sarcocystis was detected in 75% of the examined camels. Following the studied variable factors, camels aged 5 years or more were found to be at higher risk, with an infection rate of 87.7% (57 of 65) than those younger than 5 years. The infection rate was 81.4% (57 of 70) in males and 60% (18 of 30) in females. The esophagus was the most affected organ (49%), followed by the diaphragm (26%) and cardiac muscle (17%), whereas none of the testes samples were affected. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the high prevalence of Sarcocystis in the examined camels and suggests the importance of these animals in preserving the epidemiological foci of sarcocystosis in Egypt. Future research should map the circulating strains in Egypt and aim to raise public health awareness about the importance of sarcocystosis and other related zoonotic diseases.

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An Update of Pitted Keratolysis: A Review

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research ◽

10.3329/jcamr.v4i1.36172 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Tania Hoque ◽

Bhuiya Mohammad Mahatab Uddin

Keyword(s):

Skin Biopsy ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Medical Research ◽

Oral Medication ◽

Skin Scraping ◽

Histopathological Feature ◽

Present Information ◽

Hygienic Measures ◽

Soles Of The Feet

Pitted keratolysis is a bacterial infection of the soles of the feet or less commonly, the palms of the hands. Pitted keratolysis is easily identified by its shallow, crater-like pits. Collection of specimen using swab may be helpful to identify causative bacteria and skin scraping is often taken to exclude fungal infection. The diagnosis is sometimes made by skin biopsy revealing characteristic histopathological feature of Pitted Keratolysis. Treatment generally consists of hygienic measures, sometimes supplemented by medication and perhaps on oral medication. This review is aimed to consolidate present information about aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of Pitted Keratolysis. It is worth mentioning that Pitted Keratolysis is non-contagious.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2017;4(1):27-30

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Pattern of Cutaneous Dermatoses in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v31i1.41569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Mahfuza Akhter ◽

Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽

Zubaida Akter ◽

Homayra Tahseen Hossain ◽

Syed Ghulam Mogni Mowla

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Female Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to be a major public health problem. Multiple factors have a role in the skin manifestations of DM. Cutaneous manifestations of DM are very important to the clinician. Methods: Current study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Shaheed Suhrawrdy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, spanning from 1st January 2017 till 30th June 2017 over a period of six months. Adult patients already diagnosed to be suffering from type 2 DM presenting with cutaneous manifestations were included in the study. Results: Majority (68.0%) patients had diabetes >5 years, 16.7% had < 1 year and 15.3% had 1-5 years. Family history of DM was found in 70.7% in this study. In this study bacterial infection and fungal infection were more common in female patients (60.0% vs 62.0% respectively). Regarding types of dermatoses, fungal infection was more common in this study 50(33.3%). Others were bacterial infection 20(13.3%), viral infection 7(4.7%) and parasitic infection 7(4.7%). Papulo squamous disease was found 31(20.7%) patients, other diseases were 32(21.3%).Viral infection was more in male patients (71.4%). Parasitic infection was high in female patients 6(85.7%). Papulo squamous diseases was found 21(67.7%) in female patients. Conclusion: In this study fungal infection, bacterial infection, viral infection and parasitic infections were found to be the more common cutaneous dermatoses among adult diabetic patients. Bacterial infection and fungal infection were more common in female patients. TAJ 2018; 31(1): 21-28

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