scholarly journals Influence of speed of filling and draw-off to the filtration regime of Earth-fill dam

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03054
Author(s):  
Shahnoza Djabbarova ◽  
Turovoy Muslimov ◽  
Shahriddin Boymatov
Keyword(s):  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Filtration Pressure ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Unsteady Filtration ◽  
Dam Core ◽  
Earth Fill

To use and manage water resources and carry out protection measures from the destructive effect of water flow, water reservoir hydrosystem construction has greatly developed. The article presents the results of field studies to determine unsteady filtration in the Earth-fill dam core. In the research process, static data from literature review, field study data, and theoretical processing of research results were used. Numerical data processing was carried out with methods of mathematical statistics, and the graphical part was done using Microsoft Excel. Calculations were carried out for phreatic line curve in the core of Earth-fill dam under unsteady filtration for various velocities of reservoir draw-off and water yield coefficient. At the same time, it has been established that the increase of velocity and time of water reservoir draw-off leads to the increase of filtration pressure, and the decrease of water yield factor leads to the decrease of filtration pressure. The increase of filtration pressure, in turn, contributes to the increase of the intensity of unsteady filtration of the Earth-fill dam core.

scholarly journals Unsteady filtration under maximal draw-off velocities of Tupolang water reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
Bakiev Masharif ◽  
Djabbarova Shakhnoza ◽  
Khasanov Khojiakbar
Keyword(s):  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
The Core ◽  
Filtration Pressure ◽  
Unsteady Filtration ◽  
Dam Core ◽  
Yield Factor

The article presents the results of field studies to determine unsteady filtration in Tupolang dam core. Calculations are carried out for phreatic line curve in the core of Tupolang dam under unsteady filtration for various velocities of reservoir draw-off and water yield coefficient. At the same time it has been established that the increase of velocity and time of water reservoir draw-off leads to the increase of filtration pressure, and the decrease of water yield factor leads to the decrease of filtration pressure. The increase of filtration pressure, in turn, contributes to the increase of the intensity of unsteady filtration of Tupolang dam core.

Epicentral intensities and damage in the Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959

1962 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-234
Author(s):  
Karl V. Steinbrugge ◽  
William K. Cloud
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Fault Scarp ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Seismograph Station ◽  
Fault Scarps ◽  
Earth Fill

ABSTRACT An extensive fault scarp system was formed during the Hebgen Lake earthquake of August 17, 1959 (11:37:15 p.m., M.S.T., Gutenberg-Richter magnitude 7.1). Bedrock beneath Hebgen Lake warped, rotated, and caused a seiche in the lake. A major landslide dammed Madison Canyon, causing a lake to form above the slide. An estimated 19 persons were buried by the slide. Other slides and rock falls took out sections of the main highway north of Hebgen Lake and closed many roads in Yellowstone Park. Small unit masonry structures as well as wooden buildings along the major fault scarps usually survived with little damage when subjected only to vibratory forces. The unit masonry buildings, in particular, had little or no earthquake bracing. Intensity at the major scarp has been given a Modified Mercalli Scale rating of X. However, the maximum intensity ratings based on vibratory motion even a few feet away from the scarps were VII or VIII. Within the limits of observation there was little or no reduction in vibratory intensity 5 to 10 miles away compared to that at the fault. This is not to say that the ground motions were similar. At the closest strong-motion seismograph station (Bozeman, 58 miles from the epicenter) maximum recorded acceleration was about 7 per cent gravity. The earthquake was generally felt in about a 600,000 square mile area, mostly north of the instrumental epicenter. The earth-fill Hebgen Dam was within 1000 feet of a major scarp. The dam was significantly damaged, but it continued to be an effective structure.

scholarly journals The fate of Earth’s ocean

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bounama ◽  
S. Franck ◽  
W. von Bloh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. Questions of how water arrived on the Earth’s surface, how much water is contained in the Earth system as a whole, and how much water will be available in the future in the surface reservoirs are of central importance to our understanding of the Earth. To answer the question about the fate of the Earth’s ocean, one has to study the global water cycle under conditions of internal and external forcing processes. Modern estimates suggest that the transport of water to the surface is five times smaller than water movement to the mantle, so that the Earth will lose all its sea-water in one billion years from now. This straightforward extrapolation of subduction-zone fluxes into the future seems doubtful. Using a geophysical modelling approach it was found that only 27% of the modern ocean will be subducted in one billion years. Internal feedbacks will not be the cause of the ocean drying out. Instead, the drying up of surface reservoirs in the future will be due to the increase in temperature caused by a maturing Sun connected to hydrogen escape to outer space. Keywords: Surface water reservoir, water fluxes, regassing, degassing, global water cycle

scholarly journals You defend what you feel: ‘Presencing’ nature as ‘experiential knowing’

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioel Gioacchino
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rich Description ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Environmental Work

This article reflects on a youth-led action research process on climate change adaptation carried out in Cuba between 2013 and 2015. The research explored the question: ‘How are Cuban youth engaging with climate change adaptation challenges and what can we learn from it?’. The objectives of the research were to understand young people's attitudes towards climate change and environmental work while connecting a youth network in Cuba and encourage collaboration. This article contributes to PAR with a rich description of a research process in which the group of co-researchers was able to collectively shift their awareness of and personal relationship with nature. Proposing a conversation between Heron and Reason's extended epistemology (1997) and Scharmer's TheoryU (2016, 2018), I argue that experiential knowledge in climate change and environmental work looks like entering an intimate state of co-presencing with the aliveness of the earth. Second of all, the research contributes to the literature on youth participation highlighting that in Cuba there is a gap between the political will and attention towards climate change adaptation, which is remarkable, and young people's ability to meaningfully take leadership in such efforts.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Changes in the Water Yield Coefficient over the Past 50 Years in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Shi ◽  
Tianling Qin ◽  
Denghua Yan ◽  
Ruochen Sun ◽  
Shuang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Land Use Types

This study analysed the temporal and spatial changes in the water yield coefficient (WYC), which represents the ratio of the gross amount of water resources to precipitation. Factors such as precipitation, rainstorm days, rainless days, vegetation cover change, and land use/cover change were considered to determine the causes of these changes. The results led to the following conclusions: (1) The average annual WYC of the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin is between 0.03 and 0.58, with an average value of 0.17, which is smaller than the national average WYC of 0.4. (2) Temporally, the WYC varied slightly, with the western part showing a negative trend and the eastern part showing a positive trend. The WYC is positively correlated with precipitation, rainstorm days, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and negatively correlated with rainless days. However, a slower change in NDVI produced a faster change in WYC. In areas with land use types exhibiting a large evapotranspiration decrease, the rate of change in the WYC increased. (3) Spatially, the distribution is fairly regular, exhibiting a gradual increase from the northern part of the Yellow River Basin (WYC < 0.1) to the surrounding areas. When the WYC is correlated with precipitation, rainstorm days, rainless days, and NDVI, the R2 values of the linear fitting results are 0.98, 0.91, 0.96, and 0.73, respectively. The WYC is positively correlated with precipitation, rainstorm days, and vegetation coverage and negatively correlated with rainless days, but the correlation coefficient is greatly influenced by the precipitation characteristics and land use types. In areas featuring high proportions of land use types associated with high evapotranspiration, the average WYC is low.

scholarly journals The Earth Box: A Containerized Gradient Concept

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 593e-593
Author(s):  
C.M. Geraldson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Production System ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Surface Source ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Crop Nutrients

The Earth Box, a completely enclosed system made of recycled plastic, is designed to provide a continuing source of water and nutrients to replace that as removed by the crop. Nutrients move by gradient from a surface source to the root; water moves to the root by seepage upward from a water reservoir. The Box holds 2.3 cubic feet of media (soil or potting mix) supported on an aeration screen 0.5 inch above a water reservoir that holds 2.3 gallons. The total concept is designed to synchronize the nutrient–water input with removal, thus, providing an undiminishing nutritional stability in the soil solution. Two tomato plants per box have produced 30 to 50 pounds of fruit with a quality that reflects the continuing optimal nutrition. Other vegetable crops, strawberries, and flowers have been grown in the Earth Box with similar results. Nutritional stability in the conventional soil solution can deteriorate with variations in the soil-plant-season, which limits productivity. Whereas with the gradient, nutritional stability is constant regardless of the soil-plant-season or whether grown in the field or a container. The gradient procedure is not conventional or hydroponic; hydroponic cultures are nutritionally stable to begin with, but like conventional procedure, that stability is vulnerable. The gradient concept, whether it be in a container or in the field, has the potential to become a globally sustainable production system—minimal water, minimal pollution, minimal management with a maximum productivity. The Earth Box is primarily for the home gardener but the feasibility as a commercial edition is now being evaluated.

scholarly journals The Role of Fire in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Artemi Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations do not mention Fire as a key factor in achieving an environmentally-friendly human society. This paper reviews the key aspects of the impact of fire that make it necessary to update the SDGs. Upon reviewing the scientific literature, it was found that fire has been part of the Earth System for the last 400 million years, and that it is part of biogeochemical cycles. From a geological perspective, fire shaped the current Earth System. Humans have used fire in the last million years as hunter-gatherers, and the last Pleistocene period evolved with the presence of fire. Since the Neolithic revolution, humankind spread the use of fire, without which agriculture would not have progressed as it did. Fire is still used today as a tool to clear forests, scrublands and meadows in order to establish agriculture fields. To achieve the SDGs, we cannot ignore the role of fire. Fire should be present, as it is part of the geological cycle of the planet; it is part of rural culture and plays a key role in hydrological, erosional and biological cycles. We discuss the following issues related to fire in connection with the SDGs: (i) biota; (ii) soil properties; (iii) carbon cycle; (iv) sediment and water yield; (v) air and water pollution; and (vi) risk assessment. We conclude that: (i) fire is key to flora and fauna diversity; (ii) soil properties are temporally changed after exposure to fire; (iii) the carbon cycle is disturbed by fire, but the long-term impact can be a reduction in the CO2 content in the atmosphere; (iv) sediment and water yield are enhanced by forest fires, but only during the period of disturbance; (v) air and water pollution are ephemeral; and (vi) the risk associated with fire necessitates careful planning. Prescribed fires may be part of the solution, but there is a need to educate citizens on the role that fire plays. More research is necessary due to the diversity of the biomass and the complex history of fire on the planet. Fire is part of the Earth System and the SDGs should include it as a key element in their agenda.

SIMULATION MODELING OF RUNOFF REGULATION BY AN IRRIGATION WATER RESERVOIR UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF LOW-WATER

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
I.G. VELIEV ◽  
◽  
V.V. ILJINICH ◽  
A.V. PERMINOV
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Runoff Regulation ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Operation Schedule

The article is dealt with the analysis of the Krasnodar water reservoir operation carried out under various options for regulating river flow. The considered options for water reservoir management were implemented in accordance with the current operation schedule and new regulations developed on the basis of simulation modeling using the IMIT-BALANS model which uses optimization elements. Previously this model was adapted by means of a more detailed discreteness of intra-annual intervals. Comparison of the results of the reservoir operation in relation to the deficient planned water yield for dry year conditions showed that the developed new regulations for reservoir management for low water years are much more effective. Their use by the decision-maker (DM) would reduce deficit of water consumption provided that short-term and medium-term runoff forecasts are used.

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