scholarly journals Substantiation of methods of improving safety of pipeline gas transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
O.A. Kurasov ◽  
P.V. Burkov
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
Exposure Mitigation

Ensuring the operational efficiency of hazardous production facilities throughout their entire service life becomes a formidable challenge associated with coordinating thorough monitoring of such facilities, assessing their exposure, mitigation and sustainability, and taking measures to minimize and prevent negative outcomes that can lead to negative consequences, including human fatalities, injuries and economic losses. At the same time, the optimal choice of the ratio between levels of risk and costs of identification, regulation and increase in the resource will ensure both a reduction to a minimum of the risk of failures in gas pipeline systems and increase the efficiency of resource use to maximize technogenic safety. The paper proposes a methodology for the calculation of risk indicators and the probability of emergencies on gas networks and gas distribution facilities during their operation in normal and emergency situations.

Consideration of Non-stationarity in the Development of Emergency Situations for the Quantitative Risk Assessment of Accidents at Hazardous Production Facilities of Oil and Product Pipelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
A.M. Sverchkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
Real Practice

It is proposed to use the new approach to assessing quantitative risk indicators. This approach allows to consider the temporal non-stationarity of the number of processes, including the development of an accident and the spatial movements of people. The greatest uncertainty in the risk analysis with an explosive and fire hazard component is not the frequency of initiating events used, but, for example, data on the probability of ignition. The range of variation of this probability is about two orders of magnitude (relatively speaking, from 1 % to 100 %), and the criteria and factors that determine the choice of this value are not always clearly defined. The paper proposes an approach that considers the probability of ignition as a dependence on the time that passed after the start of emergency depressurization. Knowing this dependence, it is possible to consider several scenarios with different ignition time after the start of the release and assign certain consequences and probabilities to each scenario. Moreover, it is possible for each single scenario on a specific piece of equipment (pipeline section) to obtain non-stationary, namely time-varying potential risk fields. The example of an accident on the oil pipeline is considered, the risk indicators of such an accident are calculated, it is shown that the risks can change over time, namely they are non-stationary characteristics. Further, this fact is transformed into the development of theoretical foundations for quantitative risk assessment, considering the non-stationarity of various processes occurring during emergency situations arising during the operation of equipment, individual behavior of people and changes in external conditions. The results obtained show the importance of considering the changes that occur during an emergency on the main oil and product pipelines. It is concluded that the proposed approach allows to reduce the conservatism of assessments provided by traditional methods. In real practice this approach can reasonably reduce the risk indicators by several times, sometimes by orders of magnitude.

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES CAUSED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Shifrin ◽  
◽  
N.V. Limarenko ◽  
D.V. Trinz ◽  
D.S. Inozemtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
And Control

This article discusses the problems of the influence of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) violations of electrical and electronic devices on the surrounding ecosystems. The analysis is carried out and the classification of EMC violations is given, the causes of the compatibility violation are examined, and the economic losses and the negative environmental impact, as a consequence of the considered violations, are analyzed. A classification and generalization of methods to minimize the negative consequences of EMC violations was carried out, criteria for reducing economic losses were considered, methods for preventing and preventing EMC violations of various power and electronic devices were classified. The methods of monitoring the compatibility of devices are considered and recommendations are given for observing the necessary safety and control requirements.

scholarly journals VALIDATION OF RISK INDICATORS IN ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT BOILER HOUSE IN THUNDERSTORM

Fire Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Yu. Rudyk ◽  
O. Nazarovets ◽  
I. Golovatchuk ◽  
N. Beznos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Boiler Environment

Introduction. Today requires the introduction and arrangement of modern enterprises automation of the technological process using various electronic and electrical equipment. The breakdown of one sensor leads to a stoppage of the technical process and thousands of losses. This equipment is sensitive to impulse overvoltages that occur for various reasons, as well as when hit by lightning. There is a misconception that the danger of lightning arises only when struck directly, forgetting about the socalled secondary phenomena, namely electromagnetic and electrostatic pulses. Pulse overvoltage is a short-term increase in voltage above the allowable value. Lightning protection systems are designed and designed to protect objects from dangerous lightning.Purpose. Given the automation of the process and the saturation of boilers with electronic and electrical equipment, there is a high risk of lightning and high potentials, which can lead to large-scale accidents. The purpose of this article is to validate the risk indicators for the boiler environment that occur during a thunderstorm.Methods. The use of various methods of calculation, assessment and ordering of risks during the design and layout of the system allows to implementation system lightning protection of buildings, equipment and people. General principles of risk assessment for the boiler environment must take into account: risk and determine the need for protection; the contribution of various risk components to the overall risk; the effect of various protection measures to reduce risk; selection of protection measures taking into account their economic efficiency.Results. Neglecting the high risk of a dangerous event leads to excessive damage and m irreparable losses, with which a person or community will not be able to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is a comprehensive, systematic approach to achieving safety, starting from the assessment stage, should take into account both the characteristics of the hazard, including a fire in the relevant facilities, and personal, the individual risk of death or injury. Lightning is an unpredictable natural event, no one in the world fully understands the mechanism of lightning and it is impossible to provide 100% protection under any circumstances under any standardization. For this purpose, the following calculations are given: loss of human life, including injuries; loss of the ability to provide public services; losses of cultural heritage and economic value of the building (structure) and economic losses required for the installation and operation of the system. Based on the obtained data, it is seen how the reduction of each risk is achieved depending on the proposed solution and the economic effect in general.Conclusion. Statistics on deaths and injuries from lightning hazards, losses from damage to property, buildings and struc-tures confirm that in risk assessment, which is standardized in DSTU EN 62305-2, it is necessary to introduce a methodology that would meet the conditions of Ukraine. The arrangement of the lightning protection system depends on the risk assessment, the reaction of the owner, the influence of control bodies. Therefore, it is important to decide on fire protection measures in lightning risk assessment procedures, but it can also be taken regardless of the results of the risk assessment where there is a desire to avoid unacceptable risk. Equipment that is often associated with two different services, e.g. power lines and data lines suffer a lot of surge damage. This case is not covered by the RX risk component. However, appropriate protection measures can be selected and established (see IEC 62305-4).

scholarly journals Elimination of the consequences of an emergency situation at a fire and explosion hazardous facility with the presence of flammable liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Ilya Klochikhin ◽  
Fedor Gomazov ◽  
Andrey Scherbakov ◽  
Ekaterina Chalovskaya ◽  
Anastasia Uvarova
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Flammable Liquids ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Controlling Actions ◽  
The City

The safety of technological processes and order of elimination of the emergency situations arising on fire and explosion hazardous objects with availability of flammable liquids and vapours, the reasons and the mechanism of appearance of an emergency situation is considered. The analysis of process of emergence of an emergency situation on potentially hazardous production facility in Russia and St. Petersburg is made. Mechanisms of development of an emergency on the object containing fire and explosion hazardous and easily flammable liquids at various scenarios of passing of an emergency situation are constructed: floods, ignitions and manifestations of secondary dangerous factors. Priority tasks for carrying out effective and safe mitigation of consequences of the arisen emergency situation are designated. The technology and models elimination of an emergency situation on the object containing fire and explosion hazardous and easily flammable liquids on the example of explosion with the subsequent burning of the gas mixture formed in a consequence of evaporation of oil products in reservoir park of Ruchi oil depot in the city of St. Petersburg is developed. Recommendations for the officials controlling actions for elimination of an emergency situation on this object are developed.

“Sponge land(scape)”: An interdisciplinary approach for the transition to resilient communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Carlo Pavesi ◽  
Stefano Barontini ◽  
Michele Pezzagno
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Land Scape

<p>Data on natural disasters shows that cities worldwide are increasingly exposed to the risk of negative consequences. Storms and floods are among the main causes of casualties and economic losses. Moreover climatic and anthropogenic changes, urbanization and other land use transformation may contribute to increase hydrogeological hazard and risk, both in mountain valleys and in floodplain areas. On the other hand well managed soil may offer many water—regulating ecosystem services. Given that the hydrological and hydraulic dynamics commonly involve a great area, which is also upstream and surrounding the city, therefore a paradigm shift both in urban and land planning is needed, in order to integrate hazard perception and risk culture in plans. This integration also requires practices of soil conservation.</p><p>Literature underlines that, in order to achieve the transition to resilient communities, it is necessary (a) to reduce soil sealing, (b) to improve the benefits of ecosystem services as part of the plan strategies, (c) to enhance the key role that landscape planning can play in environmental protection. However, in most of the current urban and spatial plans in Italy these strategic guidelines are still ignored.</p><p>In order to address these critical issues we propose a method to classify rural areas which considers both landscape and hydrological peculiarities, in order to identify, at the regional scale, the most suitable areas to plan and design the landscape. We therefore propose to identify such a kind of landscape with the definition of a “sponge land(scape)”, which aims at extending the affirmed concept of “sponge cities” to rural areas. This approach to land management may contribute to the mitigation of hydrogeological hazard and risk, by means of preserving the regulating soil ecosystem services. At the same time it will improve both the resilience level of urban areas and the ecosystems living conditions.</p><p>The method is tested in Italy, where, according to the “Report on hazard and risk indicators about landslides and floods in Italy” (ISPRA, 2018) more than ninety percent of Italian municipalities are exposed to the hydrogeological risk. The collaboration between researchers belonging to the disciplines of spatial planning (i.e. town and regional planning) and soil hydrology was considered strategic. In particular, it allows to take advantage of specialized hydrology geo-datasets into spatial planning, which are usually not taken into account. As a first step, Hydrological Soil Groups were considered in the planning procedure. Data integration in GIS made it possible to create new maps which allow priority area to emerge for ”sponge landscaping actions”, such as the adoption of Nature Based Solution or Natural Water Retention Measures. These contribute both to the mitigation of hydraulic risk and to the maximization of other complementary ecosystem services (e.g. biodiversity preservation, climate change adaptation and mitigation, erosion/sediment control).</p>

scholarly journals Ультраструктурний стан пародонта при удосконаленні клаптевої операції у лікуванні хворих на генералізований пародонтит

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ohiienko ◽  
V. P. Piuryk ◽  
O. H. Popadynets
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Technological Chain ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Morphological Transformations

Among all surgical dental diseases periodontal disease occupies one of the leading places, taking into account the prevalence of this pathology among the population and its negative consequences (loss of teeth and impaired functions of the tooth-jaw system). The severity of GP, frequent relapses and complications leads to a decrease in the quality of life of patients, signifi cant socio-economic losses, impaired chewing and speech.The aim of the study – to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with GP III degree of severity by improving certain technological steps in the operations of Tseshynskyi-Widman-Neimann.Materials and Methods. We operated 46 patients with chronic generalized paradontitis (GP) of the III degree, divided into two groups: group I (20 people), which was the traditional modifi ed operation of Tseshynskyi-Vidman-Neimann; Patients of the group II (26 persons) – modifi ed operation of Teshynskyi-Vidman-Neimann, improved by the method of periost penetration with medical correction (using oral trays with miramistin and applications of methyluracil ointment with miramistin on periodontal tissues and postoperative sutures with application in the postoperative periods of the preparation “Glutargin “(First in injections No. 5 intravenous 5 ml (2 g) per 200 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution 2 times a day and then in tablets – 4 tablets of 0.75 mg 3 times a day for a month).Results and Discussion. After the treatment, it was found that the average rate of the Schiller-Pysariev sample was higher in patients of group I (2.5 ± 0.05%) compared with the corresponding index of group II (0.95±0.04 %). After treatment, the average index of bleeding index was (0.77±0.04) points in the group I and (0.32±0.04) points in the group II. The ultrastructural state of periodontal undergoes positive transformations in shorter terms in patients of the group II. Thus, the use of peristaltic penetration with medical correction in the surgical treatment of patients with a GP of the III degree has advantages over traditional treatment.Conclusions. As a result of the research, the technological chain of the modifi ed Tseshynskyi-Vidman-Neimann operation was improved for the treatment of GP patients with a chronic course of the third degree through periosteal penetration. Ultrastructurally up to the twelfth month after operative intervention in the periodontitis of patients of the fi rst and second groups, a positive dynamics is observed; however, better morphological transformations occur in the periodontitis of patients who underwent periosteal penetration in combination with drug correction.

scholarly journals Mental Health Issues in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Responses in Bangladesh: View Point of Media Reporting

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Nabila Ashraf ◽  
Hannah Jennings ◽  
Nantu Chakma ◽  
Noshin Farzana ◽  
Md. Saimul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Resource Setting

Background: The negative impact of COVID-19 on mental health has been reported by media throughout the world, although this role is not well-understood in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). We examined the reporting of mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh and initiatives undertaken to support mental health reported from the viewpoint of media.Methods: We reviewed articles published in 10 local newspapers, including seven Bangla and three English newspapers, during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. News topics were identified through discussions among the team members, with searches across online newspapers and portals. Data extrapolated from newspapers were documented in an Excel spreadsheet. A mixed-method approach was used following a framework analysis for analyzing data. Recurring issues and commonly emerging topics were generated from the data. Descriptive statistics were applied for analyzing quantitative data.Results: Between March 2020 and March 2021, we have identified 201 reports on mental health issues including 45 reports (22.4%) focused on stress due to the associated financial crisis, unemployment and loneliness, 50 reports (24.9%) of 80 apparent suicides linked to family issues, disharmony in conjugal relationships, harassment, sexual violence, emotional breakdown, financial crisis, and stigma due to COVID-19.There were 77 reports (38.3%) concerning domestic violence during the pandemic. Twenty-nine reports (14.4%) referenced actions taken by different organizations to address mental health issues in response to the pandemic in Bangladesh.Conclusion: News coverage has the scope to highlight important issues that can emerge as a consequence of the COVID-pandemic, such as mental health, in a low resource setting. Capacity building of the media on the way to report mental health issues during emergency situations could be a useful strategy for more credible reporting on mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic for raising awareness of the public and policymakers about the negative consequences on mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Adopting policies to support essential mental health care and promoting the local organizations to take timely public health measures will be imperative for averting the negative consequences of mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals The Development of A Universal Transformer Housing of the Unit Transformer Substation 6-10 / 0.4 KV

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01097
Author(s):  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Malygin ◽  
Maksim Vladimirovich Borodin ◽  
Roman Pavlovich Belikov ◽  
Yulia Lyusievna Mikhaylova ◽  
Zumeyra Munirovna Shakurova
Keyword(s):  
Power Grid ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Transformer Substation ◽  
Company Group ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Installation

The company group of the PJSC “ROSSETI” pays great attention to reducing occupational hazard at the facilities of the power grid complex. The analysis of the accidents in the branch of PJSC “IGDC of the Center”– “Orelenergo” revealed that transformer housings installed at the mast-type transformer substations 6-10 / 0.4 kV can’t fully provide the required safety level as they can be slightly raised even without using a special tool, and therefore one can stick his hands or some objects to the current-carrying parts of the transformer substation. According to the statistics of the damages at the mast-type transformer substations 6-10 / 0.4 kV various small animals and birds can enter the electrical installation through small slits between the housing and the transformer, which will lead to different emergency situations. To prevent the aforementioned negative consequences, a universal transformer housing was developed for a mast-type unit transformer substation (UTS) 6-10 / 0.4 kV. The offered design of the housing is universal, since it can be used for the transformers of various capacities; for its manufacture tools and materials with different characteristics can be used. At the same time, the installation of the developed housing will allow power grid companies to reduce occupational hazard, reduce the undersupply of electricity and increase the reliability of power supply to the agricultural consumers. The technical solution presented in the article can be applied for the mast-type UTS 6-10 / 0.4 kV in the post-Soviet countries.

scholarly journals Forecast of the development of an emergency at hydraulic structures of the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032020
Author(s):  
A I Shakirova ◽  
A V Kochergin ◽  
O R Sitnikov ◽  
L N Gorina
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Degree Of Approximation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree

Abstract At present, a large number of hydraulic structures have been erected on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, which are classified as hydrodynamic hazardous facilities. Accidents at these facilities are sources of man-made emergencies. A number of hydraulic structures on the territory have been in operation without reconstruction for more than 70 years. The problem of ensuring the safety of hydraulic structures remains not fully understood and relevant today. Basically all hydraulic structures are located within or above settlements and are objects of increased risk. The consequences of a catastrophic flood can be aggravated by accidents at potentially dangerous facilities falling into its zone. The damage caused by such floods can amount to tens of millions of rubles. Incomplete destruction of the dam, when the safe operation of the structure is no longer possible, can lead to serious economic losses as a result of the cessation of energy production, hydraulic regulation and water collection in the reservoir. Careful monitoring is required in order to identify any possible emergencies. One of the solutions in this situation is the use of various methods for predicting emergency situations at hydraulic structures. In this regard, in the work, the authors have adapted a mathematical model based on Markov chains, which is distinguished by the efficiency of calculations and a high degree of approximation to statistical data. This model makes it possible to predict the state of hydraulic structures when the data on the water level and the volume of infiltration in the hydraulic structure changes. Based on the adapted model, the results of forecasting the water level for real hydraulic structures were obtained.

scholarly journals Determination the rational locations of territorial emergency response teams in the area of possible emergency situations of natural and technogenic nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022034
Author(s):  
V M Afanasev ◽  
P A Matyushev ◽  
A L Shakirova ◽  
T Yu Freze
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Permanent Location

Abstract Due to frequent emergency cases at hazardous production facilities, which can lead to an environmental disaster, material and social damage, the issue of using the rational locations of territorial emergency response teams in the area of responsibility is the most relevant. The greatest weight if it is necessary to determine the rational place for the permanent deployment of territorial emergency rescue units created by the state authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation. Due to the lack of guidance documents and methodological recommendations for determining the permanent location of territorial emergency rescue units, this task was solved in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation in its own way and with a significant degree of subjectivity. It is proposed to use an algorithm for determining the permanent location of the rescue formation in the area of responsibility based on the probability of calling the formation to incidents, accidents and emergencies.

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