scholarly journals Analysis of energy consumption during convective drying of fruits and berries

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 07027
Author(s):  
Igor Korotkiy ◽  
Evgeniy Neverov ◽  
Ludmila Lifentseva ◽  
Alexandr Raschepkin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Suspended Layer

The work is dedicated to the calculation of energy costs for the realization of the process of convective drying of fruits and berries in a suspended layer. The energy consumption for the fan drive for organizing the air flow, providing the phenomenon of fluidization of fruits and berries, as well as the costs for supplying heat to the dehydration object have been calculated. The energy consumption was determined for various options of energy supply: using a heat pump and due to the operation of thermoelectric heaters (TEH). It is found that the largest proportion of the energy consumption for air circulation organization. It has been established that from the energy point of view, of all the investigated freons, the refrigerant R410 is the most efficient, the total energy consumption for dehydration of 1 kg of irgi berries with it is 7102 kJ, for honeysuckle - 9765 kJ / kg, for lingonberry - 7989 kJ / kg. Comparative analysis revealed that the use of a heat pump installation of convective drying fruits and berries in the fluidized bed reduces the power consumption by an average of 13% in comparison with drying by using heaters to heat the coolant.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INTERACTION OF A CANTILEVER KNIFE BLADE WITH SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Road ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Knife Blade ◽  
Soil Excavation

Introduction. In order to the road to be durable at the minimum necessary cost for its construction, the topsoil should be carefully removed without disturbing the soil located under the topsoil. The problem of cheapening the roads construction without reducing their quality can be solved by creating a continuous unit for the formation of the underlying layer. The main working elemens of the unit are shovels. The blade of the cantilever knife fixed on the shovel cuts the topsoil from the bottom. It is located at the angle of 45 ° to the direction of movement of the shovel and also has a sharpening angle. The front angle of the blade of the cantilever knife.The method of research. The cantilever knife is divided into the elements: the edge of the blade, the upper face of the blade, the surface of the cantilever knife, a lower plane. The consecutive impact of many cantilever knives on the ground within the operating unit width with the ground of one notional cantilever knife at a distance necessary for the excavation of one cubic meter of soil was replaced. The interacting forces of a notional cantilever knife with soil are called notional forces. The methodology of calculating energy costs when penetrating the edge of the blade of the cantilever knife into the soil is presented: to separate a layer from the body of the soil, to create a gap in the body of the soil, to overcome the friction of the soil against the edge of a blade of a cantilever knife. The total energy consumption during the interaction of a edge of a blade of a cantilever knife in the soil excavation with a volume of one cubic meter was obtained by adding the particular energy consumption.Results. Based on the developed calculation method, the distance at which a cantilever knife has to move to excavate one cubic meter of soil, and the time of this movement determined. The energy costs are calculated when penetrating the edge of the blade of the cantilever knife into the soil: to separate a layer from the body of soil, to create a gap in the body of soil, to overcome the friction of the soil against the edge of a blade of a cantilever knife. The total energy consumption and their structure during the interaction of the edge of a blade of a cantilever knife with the soil during the soil excavation with a volume of one cubic meter are determined.Conclusion. The total energy consumption during the interaction of an edge of a blade of a cantilever knife with the soil during the development of soil with a volume of one cubic meter is about 7 thousand J/cubic meter. In the energy costs structure during the interaction of an edge of a blade of a cantilever knife with the soil, energy costs prevail to overcome the friction of the soil against an edge of a blade. To determine the total energy consumption for cutting soil with cantilever knives shovels of the unit for removing the upper soil layer from the underlying layer of a road, it is necessary to analyze the interaction of other elements of cantilever knives with the soil.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF EXTREME TRAIN RUNNING PARAMETERS ALONG A RAILWAY LINE SEGMENT

Transport ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Jonaitis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Motion Parameters

It is possible to select train‐car draft mass and traction vehicle parameters for technical speed νt along segment sk in such a way that unitary total energy consumption related to train‐car mass would be the lowest. Such running is called extreme running while traction vehicle parameters and train‐car mass are called optimal from the point of view of energy consumption. The optimization of traction vehicle parameters is possible if a mathematical traction vehicle model is added to the running program and then vehicle parameters are made variable and added to motion parameters as subsequent decision variables within train running program. Together with the train motion parameters optimization traction vehicle parameters should be optimized according to the criterion of unitary total energy consumption related to train‐car mass. Traction vehicle optimal parameters depend on train technical speed, length and profile of segment , as well as, on train‐car mass.

Simulation on Building Energy Consumption for a Residential Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Ze Qin Liu ◽  
Zhen Jun Zuo ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Orientation ◽  
Annual Total

A two floor residential building in Tianjin as the research object was studied in this paper. The software eQUEST was carried out to simulate residential buildings energy consumption, and to explore the annual total energy consumption of the residential building, which was influenced by air conditioning heating modes and the building orientations. The air conditioning and heating system modes used to simulate including the heat pump air conditioning, air conditioner & heat sink and radiant heating & heat sink. The simulated building orientations include east, west, south and north. The transformation of the sunshade direction could be obtained by changing the building orientation. The indoor design temperature in summer was set at 26°C, while winter design temperature was set at 18°C. As the result of the energy consumption simulation study showed that, the annual total energy consumption achieved the minimum when heat pump type air conditioning heating system was adopted. When the effected factors such as air conditioning heating system, indoor heat source condition, window size and some other factors which influenced energy consumption were constant, the simulation results might be found that the building orientation had a small influence on the building energy consumption.

Plant Level Energy Supply Analysis and Optimization in Energy, Economy and Environment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujia Feng ◽  
Laine Mears ◽  
Qilun Zhu ◽  
Cleveland Beaufort ◽  
Joerg Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Automotive Assembly ◽  
Plant Level

Increasing attention has recently been drawn to the energy consumption of the manufacturing process. Facing the challenges from reducing emission, rising raw material prices and energy costs, manufacturers are trying to balance the energy usage strategy among the total energy consumption, economy and environment, which can be self-conflicting at times. This paper focuses on the objective optimizations of a plant level energy supply system, and describes how a multi-objective optimization strategy can be effectively formulated for making the best use of energy delivered to the manufacturing process. An example from an automotive assembly manufacturer is described.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BENTUK DASAR DAN ORIENTASI BANGUNAN TERHADAP BEBAN ENERGI PADA BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT DI JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
GERVASIUS HERRY PURWOKO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Radiation Processes ◽  
Building Designs

Due to expensive energy costs nowadays, the architects are demanded to produce relatively efficient building designs, especially those with many stories. As a consequence, both accurate estimation and energy saving measures are extremely needed even at the early stage of the planning process. In fact, the consumption for the building energy has been mostly absorbed by air conditioning and lighting needs. In practice, both of them have been affected by direct contact of the sunlight penetrating through the building casing, either by conduction, convection or radiation processes. While both shapes and positions of the building casing are very much dependent on the basic shapes and the building orientation, a critical question is needed to investigate any further: to what extent each basic shape of the buildings is likely to increase or decrease the energy and which orientation gives significant effects. Designed in an experimental research, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of the building shapes in obtaining the heat and to examine the total energy consumption. A series of testing measures is conducted by changing the building basic shapes and their orientation according to the basic conditions previously set. In so doing, obtaining calculated energy consumption difference could be achieved. It is expected that the results of this study is worth considering reference for architects and hence they are able to determine appropriate building basic shapes as well as their appropriate orientation during the planning phase.  Keywords: building basic shapes; building energy; orientation; sunlight

scholarly journals On the Possibility of Using Renewable Energy Sources for Operation of Microwave Convective Drying of Grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Dmitry Budnikov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Energy Equipment

Currently, the power supply of agricultural enterprises should be designed considering not only the required installed capacity but also the peculiarities of production. Thus, the presence of livestock operations implies waste, the disposal of which entails costs. At the same time, feed preparation, including drying of fodder grain is associated with significant energy costs. Thus, the availability of biogas equipment will allow the synthesis of utilization technologies in the form of processing into biogas and the energy supply of equipment to carry out drying. At the same time, attention should be paid to technologies with reduced energy consumption for technological processes. For example, microwave convective or infrared convective drying of grain. These technologies have a reduced energy consumption for moisture removal, but the installed capacity of the equipment is higher than in traditional technologies. This work is aimed at investigating the ratio of heat and electric energy expended in the process of microwave convective drying and the choice of possible renewable energy sources for the implementation of technological operations. Considering that drying of grain is mainly carried out during the harvesting period before storing, it allows considering energy equipment as a source of thermal energy in the cold period, when drying is not required.

Energieorientierte Produktionssteuerung*/Energy-oriented production control

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
C. Schultz ◽  
S. Braunreuther ◽  
G. Prof. Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Production Planning And Control ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control

Angesichts steigender Energiekosten sowie eines zunehmenden Bewusstseins für nachhaltige Produktion ist es heute erforderlich, Zielvorgaben für den Energieverbrauch in der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung zu verankern sowie umzusetzen. Aus diesem Grund präsentiert dieser Artikel ein Verfahren für eine energieorientierte Produktionssteuerung, die auf der Basis von Energieflexibilität und Lastmanagement den Energiebedarf der Produktion mit einem begrenzten Energieangebot synchronisiert.   Due to rising energy costs and a growing awareness for sustainable production, it is now necessary for companies to establish targets for energy consumption in production planning and control. Therefore, this article illustrates a method for energy-oriented production control on the basis of flexibility and load management which synchronizes the energy demand in manufacturing with a limited energy supply.

Environmental and Energy Assessment of a Family House

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Turcsanyi ◽  
Anna Sedlakova ◽  
Eva Kridlova Burdova ◽  
Silvia Vilcekova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient Building ◽  
Family House

Term energy efficient building is well know from year 1991, when Austrian physicist Dr. Feist designed and built first passive house, using current physical and practical knowledge. In the next 25 years buildings using principles of energy efficient design have changed dramatically. In a good way. It is mandatory for Slovak Republic as a part of European Union to act according European parliament directives. One of directives concerns lowering total energy consumption and emissions in the building sector – Directive 2010/31/EU on Energy performance of buildings, also known as Directive “20-20-20”. According to this directive, Slovak Republic has agreed to lower total energy consumption in building industry by 20% until year 2020. Plan on lowering total energy consumption has affected creation of new – technical and energy efficient building materials with emphasis on environmental load. It this paper, ultra-low-energy family house located in Košice, Slovakia was assessed from environmental and energy point of view. With help on modern diagnostic methods and thermo- physical simulation software DesignBuilder, we will virtually evaluate energy need of house throughout the reference year, and indoor quality from the environmental point of view, such as CO2 levels and bounded energy using LCA method.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics of Heat Pump and Refrigeration Cycles

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Alojz Poredoš
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Energy consumption for heating and cooling in buildings and industry accounts for almost half of total energy consumption in all sectors [...]

Analysis of Large-Scale Ground Source Heat Pump Systems for Residential Heating and Cooling in Austin, TX

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Fyffe ◽  
Mary E. Clayton ◽  
Courtney E. Grosvenor ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Over Time

This paper shares the results of an analysis of the energetic, emissions and economic balance of a simulated large-scale (multi-home) ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system in Austin, TX for heating and cooling. In contrast with traditional AC units and furnaces that use air outside of the house as a heat sink or source, GSHP systems use a ground loop heat exchanger to transfer heat to and from the soil where temperatures stay relatively constant throughout the year. GSHP systems operate more efficiently due to their use of the ground as a heat sink or source, whereas traditional AC units use the outside air. Consequently, GSHP systems typically use less energy than traditional HVAC units, but high capital costs have inhibited their widespread use. The monthly and annual energy costs for a home with a traditional AC unit-furnace are compared to a home with a GSHP system using hourly energy consumption data. The GSHP system modeled for the energy efficient home uses less energy (8.2 MMBtu) throughout the year compared to an efficient AC unit installed on the same home. Energy costs are lower using both the Austin Energy current rate schedule and for a proposed alternative schedule. Additionally, the GSHP system produces a net reduction in harmful emissions. Furthermore, GSHP systems reduce peak demand during the energy-intensive summer months, when air emissions are of greater concern. The installation costs for a large-scale residential GSHP system used in this research were based on interviews, current industry standards, and available pricing data. The analysis includes a sample case study of the cost of the GSHP system included with a home mortgage using a net monthly payment method and includes electricity price increases over time and federal tax incentives. If installed on a large scale, assuming best-case pricing with current federal tax incentives, the GSHP system case is $17 less per month than the traditional HVAC case. Federal tax incentives and high natural gas prices were found to make savings more significant for the GSHP system over time. Additionally, capital cost variability had a greater effect on savings than changes in electricity costs. Based on these analyses, large-scale GSHP systems are considered an economically feasible alternative to traditional HVAC units that will reduce energy consumption and air emissions.

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