scholarly journals The DAQ systems of the DUNE Prototypes at CERN/

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 09001
Author(s):  
Karol Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Beam Test ◽  
Photon Detector ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Phase Liquid

DUNE is a long baseline neutrino experiment due to take data in 2025. Two prototypes of the DUNE far detector were built to assess candidate technologies and methods in advance of the DUNE detector build. Here are described the data acquisition (DAQ) systems for both of its prototypes, Proto-DUNE single-phase (SP) and ProtoDUNE dual-phase (DP). The ProtoDUNEs also break records as the largest beam test experiments yet constructed, and are the fundamental elements of CERN’s Neutrino Platform. This renders each ProtoDUNE an experiment in its own right and the design and construction have been chosen to meet this scale. Due to the aggressive timescale, off-the-shelf electronics have been chosen to meet the demands of the experiments where possible. The ProtoDUNE-SP cryostat comprises two primary sub-detectors - a single phase liquid Argon TPC and a companion Photon Detector. The TPC has two candidate readout solutions under test in ProtoDUNE-SP – RCE (ATCAbased) and FELIX (PCIe-based). Fermilab’s artDAQ is used as the dataflow software for the single phase experiment. ProtoDUNE-DP will read out the dual-phase liquid argon detector using a microTCA solution. The timing, triggering, and compression schemes are described for both experiments, along with mechanisms for sending data offline to permanent data storage in CERN’s EOS infrastructure. This paper describes the design and implementation of the TDAQ systems as well as first measurements of their performance.

scholarly journals The SLAC RCE Platform for ProtoDUNE

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
K.V. Tsang ◽  
M. Convery ◽  
M. Graham ◽  
R. Herbst ◽  
J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
Processing Elements ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
Electronic Channels

The ProtoDUNE-SP is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). Signals from 15,360 electronic channels are received by 60 Reconfigurable Cluster Elements (RCEs), which are processing elements designed at SLAC for a wide range of applications and are based upon the “system-onchip” Xilinx Zynq family of FPGAs. The RCEs are housed in industry-standard ATCA shelves on a custom blade, called the Cluster on Board (COB). The RCE platform and its processing functions for the ProtoDUNE-SP will be presented.

scholarly journals Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01012
Author(s):  
I. Gil‐Botella
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Scintillation Light ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Drift Length ◽  
Time Projection

Abstract The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a leading-edge experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE-Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE far detector. In ProtoDUNE-DP, the scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, we present the performance of the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system, comparing different wavelength-shifting techniques and the use of xenon-doped LAr as a promising option for future large LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and compared to simulations, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.

scholarly journals Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. P01005
Author(s):  
A. Abed Abud ◽  
B. Abi ◽  
R. Acciarri ◽  
M.A. Acero ◽  
M.R. Adames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
Design Construction

Abstract The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m3. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components.

scholarly journals First Demonstration of a Pixelated Charge Readout for Single-Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers

Instruments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Asaadi ◽  
Martin Auger ◽  
Antonio Ereditato ◽  
Damian Goeldi ◽  
Umut Kose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Track Reconstruction ◽  
3D Tracking ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Time Projection Chambers ◽  
Event Reconstruction ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Time Projection

Traditional charge readout technologies of single-phase Liquid Argon Time projection Chambers (LArTPCs) based on projective wire readout introduce intrinsic ambiguities in event reconstruction. Combined with the slow response inherent in LArTPC detectors, reconstruction ambiguities have limited their performance, until now. Here, we present a proof of principle of a pixelated charge readout that enables the full 3D tracking capabilities of LArTPCs. We characterize the signal-to-noise ratio of charge readout chain to be about 14, and demonstrate track reconstruction on 3D space points produced by the pixel readout. This pixelated charge readout makes LArTPCs a viable option for high-multiplicity environments.

scholarly journals Optical Readout of the ARIADNE LArTPC Using a Timepix3-Based Camera

Instruments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Adam Lowe ◽  
Krishanu Majumdar ◽  
Konstantinos Mavrokoridis ◽  
Barney Philippou ◽  
Adam Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Energy Calibration ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Event Reconstruction ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
Good Agreement

The ARIADNE Experiment, utilising a 1-ton dual-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), aims to develop and mature optical readout technology for large scale LAr detectors. This paper describes the characterisation, using cosmic muons, of a Timepix3-based camera mounted on the ARIADNE detector. The raw data from the camera are natively 3D and zero suppressed, allowing for straightforward event reconstruction, and a gallery of reconstructed LAr interaction events is presented. Taking advantage of the 1.6 ns time resolution of the readout, the drift velocity of the ionised electrons in LAr was determined to be 1.608 ± 0.005 mm/μs at 0.54 kV/cm. Energy calibration and resolution were determined using through-going muons. The energy resolution was found to be approximately 11% for the presented dataset. A preliminary study of the energy deposition (dEdX) as a function of distance has also been performed for two stopping muon events, and comparison to GEANT4 simulation shows good agreement. The results presented demonstrate the capabilities of this technology, and its application is discussed in the context of the future kiloton-scale dual-phase LAr detectors that will be used in the DUNE programme.

scholarly journals The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maury Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Oscillation ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Neutrino Experiment ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
The Status ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ◽  
Sanford Underground Research Facility

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a worldwide effort to construct a next-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment based at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. It is a merger of previous efforts and other interested parties to build, operate, and exploit a staged 40 kt liquid argon detector at the Sanford Underground Research Facility 1300 km from Fermilab, and a high precision near detector, exposed to a 1.2 MW, tunableνbeam produced by the PIP-II upgrade by 2024, evolving to a power of 2.3 MW by 2030. The neutrino oscillation physics goals and the status of the collaboration and project are summarized in this paper.

The DUNE dual-phase liquid argon TPC

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. C05064-C05064
Author(s):  
E. Chardonnet
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Phase Liquid

scholarly journals Felix Based Readout of The Single-Phase Protodune Detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Andrea Borga ◽  
Eric Church ◽  
Frank Filthaut ◽  
Enrico Gamberini ◽  
Jong Paul de ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Atlas Collaboration ◽  
Short Baseline ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Neutrino Experiments ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
Anode Plane

The liquid argon Time Projection Chamber technique has matured and is now in use by several short-baseline neutrino experiments. This technology will be used in the long-baseline DUNE experiment; however, this experiment represents a large increase in scale, for which the technology needs to be validated explicitly. To this end, both the single-phase and dual-phase implementations of the technology are being tested at CERN in two full-scale (10 × 10 × 10 m3) ProtoDUNE setups. Besides the detector technology, these setups also allow for extensive tests of readout strategies. The Front-End LInk eXchange (FELIX) system was initially developed within the ATLAS collaboration and is based on custom FPGA-based PCIe I/O cards in combination with commodity servers. FELIX will be used in the single-phase ProtoDUNE setup to read the data coming from 2560 anode wires organized in a single Anode Plane Assembly structure. With a sampling rate of 2 MHz, the system must buffer and process an input rate of 74 Gb/s. Event building requests will arrive at a target rate of 25 Hz, and loss-less compression must reduce the data within the requested time windows before it is sent to the experiment’s event building farm. This paper discusses the design of the system as well as first operational experiences.

scholarly journals A 4 tonne demonstrator for large-scale dual-phase liquid argon time projection chambers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. P11003-P11003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aimard ◽  
Ch. Alt ◽  
J. Asaadi ◽  
M. Auger ◽  
V. Aushev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Time Projection Chambers ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Time Projection

Development of Analytical Model for Predicting Dual-Phase Ejector Performance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Elmore ◽  
Khalid Al-Mutairi ◽  
Bilal Hussain ◽  
A. Sherif El-Gizawy
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Loss Coefficients ◽  
The Individual

An analytical model is developed to extend the single-phase model to dual-phase applications. The introduced dual-phase model helps in predicting ejector performance, particularly pressure recovery and efficiency, to entrained fluids of a liquid/gas mixture. The empirical loss coefficients are replaced by analytical equations accounting for the geometry of and flow conditions within the individual ejector components. In order to verify the present analytical model predictions, liquid ejector performance is studied experimentally when the entrained fluid is both a single-phase liquid (water) and a dual-phase liquid/gas mixture (water/air). The results show consistently better agreement with the experimental data than those delivered by existing models, reducing the root mean square error of the pressure recovery prediction to less than 10% of its former value.

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