scholarly journals EuroEXA Custom Switch: an innovative FPGA-based system for extreme scale computing in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
Andrea Biagioni ◽  
Paolo Cretaro ◽  
Ottorino Frezza ◽  
Francesca Lo Cicero ◽  
Alessandro Lonardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Hybrid Topology ◽  
Runtime Environment ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
One Year ◽  
Extreme Scale ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Evaluation Of System Performance

EuroEXA is a major European FET research initiative that aims to deliver a proof-of-concept of a next generation Exa-scalable HPC platform. EuroEXA leverages on previous projects results (ExaNeSt, ExaNoDe and ECOSCALE) to design a medium scale but scalable, fully working HPC system prototype exploiting state-of-the-art FPGA devices that integrate compute accelerators and low-latency high-throughputnetwork. Exascale-class systems are expected to host a very large number of computing nodes, from 104 up to 105, so that capability and performances of the interconnect architecture are critical to achieve high computing efficiency at this scale. In this perspective, EuroEXA enhances the ExaNet architecture, inherited by the ExaNeSt project, and introduces a multi-tier, hybrid topology network built on top of an FPGA-integrated Custom Switch that provides high throughput and low inter-node traffic latency for the different layers of the network hierarchy. Deployment of a few testbeds is planned, with incremental complexity and equipped with complete software stack and runtime environment, to support the integration and test of the network design and to allow for evaluation of system performance and scalability through benchmarks based on real HPC applications. Design and integration activities are ongoing and the first small scale prototype (50 nodes) is expected to be completed in fall 2020 followed, one year later, by the deployment of the larger prototype (250/500 nodes).

scholarly journals Photovoltaics Enabling Sustainable Energy Communities: Technological Drivers and Emerging Markets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Alexandros-Georgios Chronis ◽  
Foivos Palaiogiannis ◽  
Iasonas Kouveliotis-Lysikatos ◽  
Panos Kotsampopoulos ◽  
Nikos Hatziargyriou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Energy Community

In this paper, we investigate the economic benefits of an energy community investing in small-scale photovoltaics (PVs) when local energy trading is operated amongst the community members. The motivation stems from the open research question on whether a community-operated local energy market can enhance the investment feasibility of behind-the-meter small-scale PVs installed by energy community members. Firstly, a review of the models, mechanisms and concepts required for framing the relevant concepts is conducted, while a clarification of nuances at important terms is attempted. Next, a tool for the investigation of the economic benefits of operating a local energy market in the context of an energy community is developed. We design the local energy market using state-of-the-art formulations, modified according to the requirements of the case study. The model is applied to an energy community that is currently under formation in a Greek municipality. From the various simulations that were conducted, a series of generalizable conclusions are extracted.

scholarly journals Building Standardized and Secure Mobile Health Services Based on Social Media

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2208
Author(s):  
Jesús D. Trigo ◽  
Óscar J. Rubio ◽  
Miguel Martínez-Espronceda ◽  
Álvaro Alesanco ◽  
José García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Health Level 7 ◽  
Information Embedding ◽  
Android Applications

Mobile devices and social media have been used to create empowering healthcare services. However, privacy and security concerns remain. Furthermore, the integration of interoperability biomedical standards is a strategic feature. Thus, the objective of this paper is to build enhanced healthcare services by merging all these components. Methodologically, the current mobile health telemonitoring architectures and their limitations are described, leading to the identification of new potentialities for a novel architecture. As a result, a standardized, secure/private, social-media-based mobile health architecture has been proposed and discussed. Additionally, a technical proof-of-concept (two Android applications) has been developed by selecting a social media (Twitter), a security envelope (open Pretty Good Privacy (openPGP)), a standard (Health Level 7 (HL7)) and an information-embedding algorithm (modifying the transparency channel, with two versions). The tests performed included a small-scale and a boundary scenario. For the former, two sizes of images were tested; for the latter, the two versions of the embedding algorithm were tested. The results show that the system is fast enough (less than 1 s) for most mHealth telemonitoring services. The architecture provides users with friendly (images shared via social media), straightforward (fast and inexpensive), secure/private and interoperable mHealth services.

Small-scale field evaluation of geochemical blending of waste rock to mitigate acid rock drainage potential

2021 ◽  
pp. geochem2021-066
Author(s):  
S.J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rock Drainage ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Acid Rock ◽  
Acid Generation ◽  
Acidic Waters ◽  
Critical Consideration

Blending of potentially acid generating (PAG) waste rock with non-PAG waste rock to create a rock mixture which performs as non-PAG is a possible approach to permanent prevention of acid rock drainage (ARD) for PAG waste rock. In 2012, a field weathering study using 300 kg samples was implemented at Teck Coal's Quintette Project located in northeastern British Columbia, Canada to test the prevention of acid generation in the PAG waste rock by dissolved carbonate leached from overlying non-PAG waste rock and direct neutralization of acidic water from PAG waste rock by contact with non-PAG waste rock.After eight years of monitoring the experiments, the layered non-PAG on PAG barrels provided proof-of-concept that as the thickness of the PAG layer increases relative to the thickness of the non-PAG layers, acidic waters are more likely to be produced. The PAG on non-PAG layering has resulted in non-acidic water and no indications of metal leaching despite accelerated oxidation in the PAG layer shown by sulphate loadings. The study has demonstrated that the scale of heterogeneity of PAG and non-PAG materials is a critical consideration for providing certainty that rock blends designed to be non-PAG will perform as non-PAG in perpetuity. This is contrary to the standard paradigm in which an excess of acid-consuming minerals is often considered sufficient alone to ensure ARD is not produced.

scholarly journals Open-Access-Publikationsworkflow Für akademische Bücher

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Böhm ◽  
Alexander Grossmann ◽  
Michael Reiche ◽  
Antonia Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Wissenschaftliche Publikationen

Die zeitnahe, transparente und nachhaltige Verbreitung nachprüfbarer wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse ist eine der wesentlichen Anforderungen an die wissenschaftliche Kommunikation und Infrastruktur. Open Access, also die offene und kostenfreie Nutzung von wissenschaftlicher Literatur, ist hierfür die Grundvoraussetzung. Hochschulen und Universitäten sind in der Regel die Institutionen, an denen Wissenschaftler neue Forschungsergebnisse erzeugen und zur Veröffentlichung als Buch vorbereiten. Neben klassischen Wissenschaftsverlagen veröffentlichen daher immer mehr Hochschulverlage wissenschaftliche Publikationen. Das vorliegende Handbuch beschreibt einen nachhaltigen, allgemeingültigen State-of-the-Art-Workflow zur Herstellung und Distribution von akademischen Büchern, der es Hochschulen und Universitäten ermöglicht, bei weitest möglicher Verbreitung, Sichtbarkeit und Zugänglichkeit eigene Forschungsarbeiten und Graduierungsschriften in digitaler Form im Open Access und als gedrucktes Buch zu veröffentlichen. Dieses Workflow-Modell wird anhand ausgewählter Fallbeispiele als Proof of Concept demonstriert und spiegelt den aktuellen Stand der derzeit im Verlagsbereich technischen und wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten wider. Anhand der Fallbeispiele wurden zudem der Zeit-, Kosten- und Personalaufwand erfasst, sodass anderen Hochschulen und Universitäten Anhaltspunkte für nötige Investitionen bei der Gründung und dem Betrieb eigener OA-Hochschulverlage gegeben werden.

Assessment of GRACE-FO Laser Ranging Interferometer measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina Peidou ◽  
Felix Landerer ◽  
David Wiese ◽  
Matthias Ellmer ◽  
Eugene Fahnestock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mass Transfers ◽  
Gravity Recovery ◽  
System Errors

<p>The performance of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On (GRACE-FO) laser ranging interferometer (LRI) system is assessed in both space and frequency domains. With LRI’s measurement sensitivity being as small as 0.05 nm/s<sup>2</sup> at GRACE-FO altitude we perform a thorough assessment on the ability of the instrument to detect real small-scale high-frequency gravity signals. Analysis of range acceleration measurements along the orbit for nearly one year of daily solutions suggests that LRI can detect signals induced by mass perturbation up to 26 mHz, i.e., ~145 km spatial resolution. Additionally, high frequency signals that are not adequately modeled by dealiasing models are clearly detected and their magnitude is shown to reach 2-3 nm/s<sup>2</sup>. The alternative K‐band microwave ranging system (KBR) is also examined and results demonstrate the inability of KBR to retrieve signals above 15mHz (i.e., shorter than ~200 km) as the noise of the KBR range acceleration increases rapidly. Overall, the first stream of LRI measurements shows that the high signal to noise ratio allows for detection of mass transfers in finer scales, however the ability to fully exploit the high-quality signal measured by the LRI in Level 2 products is still constrained by noise of background models and other onboard instrumentation and measurement system errors.</p><p>Copyright Acknowledgment: This work was performed at the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cryosphere Science Program.</p>

Cost-Effectiveness of Solar-Powered LED Reading Lamps in Burkina Faso

2013 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Reading Test Scores ◽  
One Year ◽  
6Th Graders

A small-scale project to induce more reading among 5th and 6th graders in rural Burkina Faso by providing them with solar-powered LED lamps indeed increased reading for students in villages without preexisting libraries, but did not affect reading capabilities. The research aimed to establish the magnitude of effects after one year when 10-14 year-olds in rural African villages with small community libraries were given solar-powered lamps for night reading. The effects measured were reading habits (how much did students read?) and reading capabilities (how well could students read and comprehend what they read?). Once village effects were controlled, the lamps had statistically significant effects on reading habits for students in villages without preexisting libraries. The effect sizes were modest, ranging from .20 to .25. There were no effects on reading test scores. A cost-effectiveness metric to use for comparing with other studies of education interventions then is that expenditure of $1 per student on a solar-powered LED reading lamp distribution program generated about a 1% increase in reading, with no apparent effect on reading capabilities.

The Art and Science of Rotary Wing Data Correlation

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-12
Author(s):  
Jan M. Drees
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Test Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Helicopter Rotor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Rotary Wing ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

This paper presents an overview of the correlation of helicopter rotor performance and loads data from various tests and analyses. Information is included from U.S. Army‐sponsored tests conducted by Bell Helicopter Company for free‐flight full‐scale tests in the NASA‐Ames 40 × 80 wind tunnel, one‐fifth scale tests in the NASA‐Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel, and small‐scale tests of a rotor in air. These test data are compared with each other, where appropriate, and with calculated results. Typical examples illustrate the state of the art for correlation and indicate anomalies encountered. It is concluded that a procedure using theoretical analyses to aid in interpretation and evaluation of test results is essential to developing a science of correlation.

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