scholarly journals Physical Modeling of Landward Scour Due to Tsunami Bore Overtopping Seawall

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Raidan Maqtan ◽  
Badronnisa Yusuf ◽  
Saiful Bahri Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Froude Number ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Wave Forms

many of the post tsunami field surveys which conducted by researchers revealed that, the failure due to scour at the landward toe of the seawall due to overtopping of tsunami wave forms one of the important types of coastal defence structures failure and constitutes one of the biggest threats to their structural performance. This study was intended to investigates the scour profile induced by tsunami bores at the landward toe of the vertical seawall and to discuss the effects of the parameters; tide level, incident bore Froude number Fb, incident bore height Hb, overtopping flow Froude number Fo, and overtopping flow depth Ho on the maximum scour depth induced at the landward toe of the seawall. A set of laboratory experiments were conducted at National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) with the tichnique of dam break to generate the bore like tsunami. The experiments showed that the initial water level upstream of the seawall has a significant effect on the scour profile and there is a strong negative relationship exists with Froude number of the incident bore and a strong positive relationship exists with Froude number of the overtopping flow depth above the crest of the seawall.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TSUNAMI SCOUR AROUND SQUARE STRUCTURES USING A PUMP-DRIVEN FLOW METHOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Rafael Aranguiz ◽  
Oscar Link ◽  
Jose Aliaga ◽  
Oscar Briones ◽  
Ruben Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Scour Depth ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Tsunami Scour ◽  
Tsunami Event

Estimation of the maximum scour depth is important for defining the size and depth of building foundations in order to avoid failure during a tsunami event (Jayaratne, et al 2016). Traditionally, tsunami scour has been studied in laboratory experiments that use solitary waves. However, it has been demonstrated that this type of wave does not represent well a real tsunami (Madsen et al, 2008). In addition, results from field surveys are based on the scour depth after the tsunami event, studying only the maximum flow depth, and ignoring other hydrodynamic features such as velocity and wave period, as well as sediment deposition. The main objective of this research is to estimate maximum tsunami scour around rectangular structures as a function of realistic tsunami variables.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ykb-JyL7lsE

scholarly journals Causality of Product Awareness Coconut Flour Towards Future Engagement, Indonesian Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Leonnard Ong ◽  
Gabriella Rosellinny ◽  
Jonathan Augustinus ◽  
Novia Rianti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
The Future

In order to establish a future engagement of the Indonesian market in terms of coconut flour, awareness of the product is needed for the consumer decision making to purchase the product which will lead to future engagement. This study aims to examine the effects of product and awareness and consumer decision making towards future engagement in Indonesia. By employing SmartPLS, we prove that existence of product has a relatively strong negative relationship with awareness (.55); while awareness has a relatively weak relationshipwith consumer decision making to purchase a product (.37) and the decision made by customer to purchase healthy product have a relatively strong positive relationship towards engagement of the product in the future (.66). Further implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Accumulation in Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) in Automobile Waste Dumpsite at Ohiya Mechanic Village

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Ogbonna ◽  
O. O. Osim ◽  
E. Biose
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis

Human health challenges resulting from consumption of food contaminated by heavy metals necessitated the investigation of soil and cassava plants around automobile waste dumpsite at Ohiya mechanic village, Abia State, Nigeria. Soil and cassava samples collected randomly at the site were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). The values of highest concentration of Cu and Pb in soil was recorded in 0-10 cm, Cr was obtained in 21-30 cm while Cd was in 11-20 cm soil depth. The concentration of Cd (0.11±0.00 to 0.26±0.00 mg/kg) in soil exceed maximum permitted level of 0.1 mg/kg (Cd) by FAO/WHO. The concentration of Pb (0.01±0.001 to 3.24±0.00 mg/kg) and Cd (0.07±0.00 to 2.08±0.00 mg/kg) in cassava plants exceed the permissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg (Pb) and 0.2 mg/kg (Cd) set by FAO/WHO. The Pearson correlation analysis show very strong positive relationship between Cu and Cu (r=0.996) and Pb and Pb (r=0.986) while strong negative relationship exist between Cr and Cr (r= -0.686) and Cd and Cd (r= -0.981) in soil and plant. Based on our findings, the concentrations of Cd in soil vis-à-vis Pb and Cd in plants which exceed maximum permitted level set by Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/WHO will expose man and animals that relied on soil and cassava plants for food to serious health risks. Consequently, Abia State government should prevent farmers’ access to the site by fencing round the automobile waste dumpsite.

scholarly journals GDP-PMI Nexus: Nigeria in Focus

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Ochoche Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Input Price ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

This study seeks to contribute to extant literature on the relationship between the manufacturing and non-manufacturing purchasing manager’s index (PMI) and the real gross domestic product  (GDP)  in Nigeria. The study was carried out at Statistics Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria between 2010:Q1 – 2019:Q3 (for seasonally adjusted quarterly real gross domestic product (GDP)) and 2014:M7 – 2019:M9 (for monthly PMI). Pearson correlation test and plots  are the adopted methods. The uniqueness of this study is the utilization of growth rates for both variables as well as employing a disaggregated approach in other to drill down to discover the true drivers of the relationship between the two variables. Results shows that CBN PMI is the most reliable of the three PMI indices computed for Nigeria. In addition, input price, output   prices and quantity purchased, are the true determinants (from the manufacturing sector) of the direction of real GDP growth. Output price has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-83%, contemporaneous), while input price too has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-88% contemporaneous and -90% at lag 1) and quantity of purchases has a strong positive relationship with real GDP. From the non-manufacturing sector, average input price has a strong negative relationship with real GDP (-84%, with 2 periods lag), new export orders have a strong positive relationship with real GDP growth (77% with 3 periods lag) and imports also has a strong positive relationship with real GDP growth (85% with 1 period lag). Because prices have such a significant effect on GDP growth, it is recommended that both the monetary and fiscal authorities work together to curb inflation growth which has been trending upwards.

Teacher Attrition and Mobility Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 0013189X2110608
Author(s):  
Dan Goldhaber ◽  
Roddy Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Attrition ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Unemployment Rate ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
State Unemployment ◽  
Over Time

We use 35 years of data on public school teachers in Washington to calculate several different measures of teacher attrition and mobility. We explore how these rates vary over time and their relationship with the state unemployment rate. Annual rates of teacher attrition from the workforce have been between 5% and 8% for each of the past 35 years, and there is a strong negative relationship between unemployment rates and these rates of attrition. This history suggests that teacher attrition is likely to increase as the economy recovers after the pandemic, but this increase is likely to be modest.

scholarly journals Nest prospecting brown-headed cowbirds ‘parasitize’ social information when the value of personal information is lacking

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1861) ◽  
pp. 20171083 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. White ◽  
Hayden B. Davies ◽  
Samuel Agyapong ◽  
Nora Seegmiller
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
Nest Selection ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Nest Quality ◽  
Cognitive Challenges

Brood parasites face considerable cognitive challenges in locating and selecting host nests for their young. Here, we test whether female brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater , could use information acquired from observing the nest prospecting patterns of conspecifics to influence their own patterns of nest selection. In laboratory-based experiments, we created a disparity in the amount of personal information females had about the quality of nests. Females with less personal information about the quality of two nests spent more time investigating the nest that more knowledgeable females investigated. Furthermore, there was a strong negative relationship between individual's ability to track nest quality using personal information and their tendency to copy others. These two contrasting strategies for selecting nests are equally effective, but lead to different patterns of parasitism.

Characteristics of Hydraulic Shock Waves in an Inclined Chute Contraction - Experiments

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-D. Jan ◽  
C.-J. Chang ◽  
J.-S. Lai ◽  
W.-D. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Froude Number ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydraulic Shock ◽  
Empirical Relations

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental results of the characteristics of hydraulic shock waves in an inclined chute contraction with consideration of the effects of sidewall deflection angle φ, bottom inclination angle θ and approach Froude number Fr0. Seventeen runs of laboratory experiments were conducted in the range of 27.45° ≤φ ≤ 40.17°, 6.22° ≤ θ ≤ 25.38° and 1.04 ≤ Fr0 ≤ 3.51. Based on the experimental data, three empirical dimensionless relations for the shock angle, maximum shockwave height, and corresponding position of maximum shockwave were obtained by regression analyses, respectively. These empirical relations would be useful for hydraulic engineers in designing chute contraction structures.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Pollution, Health, and Height in Late Nineteenth Century Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1210-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy E. Bailey ◽  
Timothy J. Hatton ◽  
Kris Inwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In nineteenth century Britain atmospheric pollution from coal-fired industrialization was on the order of 50 times higher than today. We examine the effects of these emissions on child development by analysing the heights on enlistment during WWI of men born in England and Wales in the 1890s. We find a strong negative relationship between adult heights and the coal intensity of the districts in which these men were observed as children in the 1901 census. The subsequent decline in atmospheric pollution likely contributed to the long-term improvement in health and increase in height.

How Important are Value Orientations to Environmental Concern? A Comparison of National and International Tourists in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 265-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Moumen Ghazvini ◽  
Lim Lay Kian ◽  
João Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Environmental Beliefs ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
And Behaviors

Environmental beliefs, intentions, and behaviors can be derived from three types of values, namely, egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric. Consequently, the understanding of tourists’ value orientations and their association with environmental concern is crucial for improving productive strategies in the management of natural resources and protected areas. This study aims to scrutinize the priorities of tripartite value orientation between national (Malaysian) and international tourists (mostly European), and to investigate the contribution of these three value orientations to tourists’ environmental concern. Results disclose that Malaysian tourists valorize egoistic values more than tourists from Europe and other developed countries and are thus less concerned about the environment compared with their international counterparts. Furthermore, egoistic values have a strong negative relationship with environmental concern, whereas altruistic and biospheric values are positively related to this variable.

Antecedents of Online Game Dependency

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaunchin Chen ◽  
Jengchung V. Chen ◽  
William H. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Massively Multiplayer Online Game ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship

Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) dependency has been widely studied but research results suggest inconclusive antecedent causes. This study proposes and empirically tests three predictive models of MMOG dependency using a survey of online gaming participants. It finds multimedia realism for social interaction serves as an original antecedent factor affecting other mediating factors to cause MMOG dependency. These mediating factors derive from Uses and Gratifications theory and include: (1) participation in a virtual community, (2) diversion from everyday life, and (3) a pleasant aesthetic experience. Of these, participation in a virtual community has a strong positive relationship with MMOG dependency, and aesthetics has a modest negative relationship. Moderator analyses suggest neither gender nor “frequency of game playing” are significant but experience playing online games is a significant moderating factor of MMOG dependency.

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