scholarly journals Nest prospecting brown-headed cowbirds ‘parasitize’ social information when the value of personal information is lacking

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1861) ◽  
pp. 20171083 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. White ◽  
Hayden B. Davies ◽  
Samuel Agyapong ◽  
Nora Seegmiller
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Brood Parasites ◽  
Nest Selection ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Nest Quality ◽  
Cognitive Challenges

Brood parasites face considerable cognitive challenges in locating and selecting host nests for their young. Here, we test whether female brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater , could use information acquired from observing the nest prospecting patterns of conspecifics to influence their own patterns of nest selection. In laboratory-based experiments, we created a disparity in the amount of personal information females had about the quality of nests. Females with less personal information about the quality of two nests spent more time investigating the nest that more knowledgeable females investigated. Furthermore, there was a strong negative relationship between individual's ability to track nest quality using personal information and their tendency to copy others. These two contrasting strategies for selecting nests are equally effective, but lead to different patterns of parasitism.

Compassion as a Source of Satisfaction and Fear in Professionals Who Work With People

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110617
Author(s):  
Ramazan Sak ◽  
Eşref Nas ◽  
İkbal Tuba Şahin-Sak ◽  
Çağla Öneren-Şendil ◽  
Reyhan Tekin-Sitrava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Compassion Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Compassion Scale ◽  
Fear Of Compassion

Background Compassion satisfaction and fear of compassion affect the mental health of professionals who work with people. In addition, each of these two variables can be important indicators of the quality of the services such professionals provide. Methods This study examines compassion as a source of satisfaction and fear among 293 professionals work with people, including 158 teachers, 57 police officers, 45 nurses and 44 imams. A personal information form, the Fear of Compassion Scale, and the Compassion Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools. Results Neither fear of compassion nor compassion satisfaction varied significantly according to the sampled professionals’ genders, educational levels, monthly incomes or area of residence. However, both these measures did exhibit statistically significant variation by the respondents’ professional roles, ages, numbers of children and marital statuses. A significant negative relationship between the participants’ fear of compassion and their compassion satisfaction was also identified. Conclusion Courses related to kindness and social interaction should be provided in schools, to help the adults of the future.

scholarly journals Addiction Problems, Aggression, and Quality of Life in People with Different Occupations in South Korea

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Hwee Wee ◽  
Gweon-Young Kang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Occupation Group

Addiction is related to aggression and quality of life. This study examined the relationship between these three factors according to occupation group in a mixed urban/rural area to better understand adult addiction problems. This study was a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data collected by a 2017 regional survey of adults living in Gunsan City, South Korea. The survey included 500 people split into the unemployed (Group1), full-time homemakers (Group2), and primary (Group3), secondary (Group4), and tertiary (Group5) industry workers. Addiction problems and aggression were positively correlated (p < 0.01). Aggression and alcohol use disorder were correlated in Group3 (r = 0.31), Group4 (r = 0.34), and Group5 (r = 0.32), and aggression and smartphone addiction were correlated in Group2 (r = 0.39) and Group4 (r = 0.31). Problem gambling was correlated with aggression in Group5 (r = 0.39). A negative relationship between quality of life and alcohol use disorder occurred in Group1 (r = −0.36). According to the occupation group, the relationships between addiction problems, aggression, and quality of life were different. These findings suggest that addiction management for adults should be implemented in consideration of occupation groups.

scholarly journals Epilepsy and quality of life in Iranian epileptic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Honari ◽  
Seyed Mehran Homam ◽  
Maryam Nabipour ◽  
Zahra Mostafavian ◽  
Arezou Farajpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Abstract Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with physical, emotional, and social consequences. Previous studies indicate that epilepsy symptoms can highly affect the epileptic patients’ satisfaction in life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the QOL of People with Epilepsy (PWE) in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Methods In this study, 100 patients were randomly selected. After confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy by neurologists and fulfilling the entrance criteria, patients completed the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31) questionnaire. Finally, data was analyzed statistically by SPSS software. Results The study sample comprised 100 PWE, aged 18–74 years (34 ± 13), of whom 58 (58%) were females. Tonic-colonic seizure was the most common (60%) type of seizure. The obtained score of each subscale and the range of the QOLIE-31 total score was 16.40–79.18 with the mean of 50 (SD = 16). The energy-fatigue subscale score was significantly higher in patients younger than 35 (p = 0.018). The data analysis showed that the seizure worry subscale was significantly higher in single patients (p = 0.04). Duration of epilepsy had a positive correlation with QOLIE-31 total score (p = 0.038), and a negative relationship with energy-fatigue subscale (p = 0.018). In contrast with previous studies, which reported the frequency of the epileptic episodes as the most important predictor of QOL, our results showed no significant correlation between the number of the episodes and overall QOL score (p = 0.063). However, the number of episodes was significantly correlated with emotional well-being and cognition subscales. Furthermore, the results indicated that poor QOL score is correlated with depressed mood. Conclusion In fact, the ultimate and preferred outcome of all treatments and care interventions is the patient’s QOL. Thus, improvement of the QOL by means of obtaining more information about its contributing factors, in PWE should be one of the main goals in the patients’ treatment.

Investigation of Assertiveness Levels of Athletes Engaging Individual Sports in Different Branches

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2951-2953
Author(s):  
Kenan Sivrikaya ◽  
Aygül Çağlayan Tunç ◽  
Leyla Alizadehebadi ◽  
Selçuk Tarakçi
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Way

Background: Assertiveness, which is defined as the way individuals express themselves and as a part of healthy life, is among the prominent features of people who do sports. Assertiveness is an element that increases the quality of people's relationships with their environment. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the assertiveness scores of the athletes engaged in individual sports in different branches according to independent variables. Methods: The research was designed according to the relational screening model. The sample of the research; The sample consists of 201 participants selected by simple random sampling method among the athletes dealing with different individual sports branches. The branches of the athletes; (Consists of taekwondo and cycling sports) Results: In the study, the personal information form created by the researcher to collect information about the independent variables (gender, age,) that are thought to be effective in the research, and the Rathus Assertiveness Inventory (RAE) were used. It is seen that 1% of the participants are in the avoidant group, 88.6% are in the moderately avoidant group, and 10.6% are in the assertive group. Conclusion: When the assertiveness scale mean scores of the participants by gender are examined, it is seen that the level of assertiveness by gender does not differ statistically significantly. When the assertiveness scale mean scores of the participants according to age are examined, it is seen that the level of assertiveness according to age does not differ statistically significantly. Keywords: Assertiveness, individual sport, Taekwondo, Cycling.

Teacher Attrition and Mobility Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 0013189X2110608
Author(s):  
Dan Goldhaber ◽  
Roddy Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Attrition ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Unemployment Rate ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
State Unemployment ◽  
Over Time

We use 35 years of data on public school teachers in Washington to calculate several different measures of teacher attrition and mobility. We explore how these rates vary over time and their relationship with the state unemployment rate. Annual rates of teacher attrition from the workforce have been between 5% and 8% for each of the past 35 years, and there is a strong negative relationship between unemployment rates and these rates of attrition. This history suggests that teacher attrition is likely to increase as the economy recovers after the pandemic, but this increase is likely to be modest.

Analisis Indikator Makro Ekonomi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cempaka Rizki Ambar Sari ◽  
Dela Resina ◽  
Neng Kamarni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Interesting Discussion

Poverty is a problem of economic development which is always an interesting discussion. Poverty has an impact on socio-economic burdens, increases in crime, decreases the quality of life, and hinders the creation of superior human resources. The objectives of this study were to 1) analyze the concept and development of poverty in West Sumatra Province; and 2) to analyze the effect of macroeconomic indicators on poverty in West Sumatra Province. The macroeconomic indicators used are Economic Growth Rate based on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Human Development Index (HDI). The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression which includes data from 19 districts and cities in West Sumatra Province during the period 2015-2019. From the results of this study, it was found that in general the poverty rate in West Sumatra Province from 2015-2019 continued to decline. The variable rate of economic growth has a positive relationship with the level of poverty in West Sumatra Province. Meanwhile, the HDI variable has a significant effect on the poverty level and has a negative relationship.

Associations Between Voice and Gestural Characteristics of Transgender Women and Self-Rated Femininity, Satisfaction, and Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Jana M. Rieger ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
Carol A. Boliek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Communication Satisfaction ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Subjective Measures

Purpose Client-based subjective ratings of treatment and outcomes are becoming increasingly important as speech-language pathologists embrace client-centered care practices. Of particular interest is the value in understanding how these ratings are related to aspects of gender-affirming voice and communication training programs for transgender and gender-diverse individuals. The purpose of this observational study was to explore relationships between acoustic and gestural communication variables and communicator-rated subjective measures of femininity, communication satisfaction, and quality of life (QoL) among transfeminine communicators. Method Twelve acoustic and gestural variables were measured from high-fidelity audio and motion capture recordings of transgender women ( n = 20) retelling the story of a short cartoon. The participants also completed a set of subjective ratings using a series of Likert-type rating scales, a generic QoL questionnaire, and a population-specific voice-related QoL questionnaire. Correlational analyses were used to identify relationships between the communication measures and subjective ratings. Results A significant negative relationship was identified between the use of palm-up hand gestures and self-rated satisfaction with overall communication. The acoustic variable of average semitone range was positively correlated with overall QoL. No acoustic measures were significantly correlated with voice-related QoL, and unlike previous studies, speaking fundamental frequency was not associated with any of the subjective ratings. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that voice characteristics may have limited association with communicator-rated subjective measures of communication satisfaction or QoL for this population. Results also provide preliminary evidence for the importance of nonverbal communication targets in gender-affirming voice and communication training programs.

scholarly journals Social eavesdropping allows for a more risky gliding strategy by thermal-soaring birds

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (148) ◽  
pp. 20180578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Williams ◽  
Andrew J. King ◽  
Olivier Duriez ◽  
Luca Börger ◽  
Emily L. C. Shepard
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Circling Behaviour ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Critical Resource ◽  
Speed Selection ◽  
Soaring Birds

Vultures are thought to form networks in the sky, with individuals monitoring the movements of others to gain up-to-date information on resource availability. While it is recognized that social information facilitates the search for carrion, how this facilitates the search for updrafts, another critical resource, remains unknown. In theory, birds could use information on updraft availability to modulate their flight speed, increasing their airspeed when informed on updraft location. In addition, the stylized circling behaviour associated with thermal soaring is likely to provide social cues on updraft availability for any bird operating in the surrounding area. We equipped five Gyps vultures with GPS and airspeed loggers to quantify the movements of birds flying in the same airspace. Birds that were socially informed on updraft availability immediately adopted higher airspeeds on entering the inter-thermal glide; a strategy that would be risky if birds were relying on personal information alone. This was embedded within a broader pattern of a reduction in airspeed (approx. 3 m s −1 ) through the glide, likely reflecting the need for low speed to sense and turn into the next thermal. Overall, this demonstrates (i) the complexity of factors affecting speed selection over fine temporal scales and (ii) that Gyps vultures respond to social information on the occurrence of energy in the aerial environment, which may reduce uncertainty in their movement decisions.

scholarly journals Physical Modeling of Landward Scour Due to Tsunami Bore Overtopping Seawall

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Raidan Maqtan ◽  
Badronnisa Yusuf ◽  
Saiful Bahri Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Froude Number ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Strong Negative Relationship ◽  
Wave Forms

many of the post tsunami field surveys which conducted by researchers revealed that, the failure due to scour at the landward toe of the seawall due to overtopping of tsunami wave forms one of the important types of coastal defence structures failure and constitutes one of the biggest threats to their structural performance. This study was intended to investigates the scour profile induced by tsunami bores at the landward toe of the vertical seawall and to discuss the effects of the parameters; tide level, incident bore Froude number Fb, incident bore height Hb, overtopping flow Froude number Fo, and overtopping flow depth Ho on the maximum scour depth induced at the landward toe of the seawall. A set of laboratory experiments were conducted at National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) with the tichnique of dam break to generate the bore like tsunami. The experiments showed that the initial water level upstream of the seawall has a significant effect on the scour profile and there is a strong negative relationship exists with Froude number of the incident bore and a strong positive relationship exists with Froude number of the overtopping flow depth above the crest of the seawall.

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