scholarly journals Cost Shock in Public Tenders Impacting the Railway Operator

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Špetík Ondřej
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this paper is to find out whether the cost shocks occur in the passenger rail transport, whether it can cause problems of financing as well as to evaluate the ways which are used by the purchaser of public transport to change the subsidy for carriers in case of cost shock. Results have shown that costs shocks can negatively impact financing of the subsidised passenger railway transport, so purchasers of the transport services must be extremely cautious in setting the tender documentation. So that purchasers avoid time-inconsistency solution, it is necessary to set the change in the subsidy in the contract. None of the tested clauses used by purchasers is ideal. We can see over-/under-compensation. The clause with 55 % of the consumer price index and 35 % of the change in labour costs in the transport sector reaches better results especially in contracts with vehicles purchased by the carrier.

scholarly journals Impact of the Economic Situation in the Slovak Republic on Performances of Railway Transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Danis ◽  
Anna Dolinayova ◽  
Lenka Cerna ◽  
Vladislav Zitricky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Main Indicator

The paper deals with analysis of the development of performances in freight rail transport in comparison with the development of gross domestic product as the main indicator measuring the economic performance of the country and on the other hand the performances in passenger rail transport in relation to the development of the average monthly wage as one of the most important indicator characterizing the living standard. The change in demand for transport services is analyzed with respect to the change in the price of the ticket in passenger rail transport and also the change in the price for transport of one tonne of goods in freight rail transport.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN BIAYA KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS: STUDI KASUS LOMBOK TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Andyka Kusuma ◽  
Tri Tjahjono ◽  
Nuzul Achjar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

Traffic accident cost analysis is needed to predict potential losses of nation due to the emergence of traffic accident victims. The cost of traffic accidents in Indonesia is based on the characteristics of the City of Bandung in 2003, and it is shown that the cost of traffic accidents can vary according to regional characteristics. This study tries to compare the analytical approach in Bandung in 2003 with the Consumer Price Index and Human Development Index approaches for an area with medium accessibility, namely East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The location of traffic accidents greatly influences the cost of traffic accidents, because the costs on inter-city roads are relatively higher compared to those on roads in the city. This study shows that the cost of traffic accidents is related to accessibility of health facilities. This analysis can be developed for all regions in Indonesia, so that it can be used as a reference for traffic stakeholders in assessing the performance of the traffic safety programs implemented. Analisis biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas diperlukan untuk memprediksi potensi kerugian negara akibat timbulnya korban kecelakaan lalu lintas. Biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas di Indonesia dibangun berdasarkan karakteristik kota Bandung tahun 2003, dan diperlihatkan bahwa biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas dapat bervariasi sesuai dengan karakteristik wilayah. Penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan pendekatan analisis di Bandung tahun 2003 dengan pendekatan Indeks Harga Konsumen dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia untuk suatu wilayah dengan aksesibilitas menengah, yakni Lombok Timur, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Lokasi kecelakaan lalu lintas sangat mempengaruhi biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas, karena biaya di jalan antar kota relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan biaya di jalan dalam kota. Penelitian ini meperlihatkan bahwa biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas terkait dengan aksesibilitas fasilitas kesehatan. Analisis ini dapat dikembangkan untuk semua wilayah di Indonesia, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan bagi pemangku kepentingan lalu lintas dalam menilai kinerja program keselamatan lalu lintas yang dijalankan.

scholarly journals The Impact of Housing Density on Site Development Costs

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Leslie E. Small ◽  
Donn A. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Site Development ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

During the past decade, the cost of constructing new homes has risen dramatically. While the overall consumer price index rose by 74 percent between 1967 and the end of 1976, the cost of constructing new housing rose by about 103 percent nationally. This trend in costs has priced a growing proportion of lower and middle income groups out of the market for new houses. The national average price for new housing is currently $52,000 per unit. This has led to expressions of public concern that efforts need to be undertaken to find ways by which these low and middle income groups can obtain access to new housing.

scholarly journals Breast-Feeding Decline despite Deteriorating Socio-Economic Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Bendley Melville
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The impact of deteriorating socio-economic conditions on breast-feeding duration in Jamaica is examined In spite of dramatic increases in the consumer price index for food and drink and consequently in the cost of artificial feeding, breast-feeding duration declined by 10.6% during 19871991. This was apparently due to a reduction in postpartum visits by district midwives. It is concluded that breast-feeding promotion should receive increased support under conditions of severe economic hardship.

RAILWAY TRANSPORT UNDER POLISH LAW

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Maciej Ruciński
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
The Law ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article presents an outline of the law governing railway transport in comparison with the regulations for road transport. The comparison shows that railway entrepreneurs are much more encumbered with legal obligations than road carriers, which in part is due to the specificity of this branch of transport. The essential constraints to the competitiveness of railway transport relate to the cost of access to railway infrastructure and its condition. The article also points out the faulty legislation, disadvantageous to both modes of transport, and attempts to determine the impact of legal solutions for the development of rail transport.

scholarly journals The Consumer Price Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
James Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Living Index ◽  
Made In

Summary A brief study of the new index called Consumer Price Index (C .P. I.) which will replace the Cost of Living Index (C. L. I.). In order to make such a change, specialists were called in to work on this for nearly three years. During the survey begun in 1948, the most modern methods of sampling were used. Instead of 1935-1939, the base period chosen was 1949. In view of the increasing importance of the index in the labour world, the author analyses briefly the changes made in the former index and emphasizes the problems involved in such a changeover.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE MAIN COMPONENTS METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FACTORS OF LOGISTICS SERVICES MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (160) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
N. Hrynchak
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
Main Components

The study identifies and substantiates the main factors influencing the development of the market of logistics services in Ukraine through factor analysis by the method of main components. The application of the method of factor analysis to assess the development of the market of logistics services is based on the assumption that the indicators of different blocks are only indicators of certain existing market characteristics that are not directly measured. 9 indicators were selected for the study: wholesale turnover of enterprises, retail trade turnover, volume of exports of goods, volume of imports of goods, hryvnia devaluation index against the US dollar, rail freight index, consumer price index for transport, consumer price index for fuel and lubricants, consumer price index for transport services. Bartlett’s sphericity criterion and the calculation of the adequacy of the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin sample were used for the study. It was found that the largest variance has such components as price indices for transport, fuels and lubricants, the volume of foreign and domestic (wholesale and retail) trade, which total 83.1%. The analysis of factors according to the received calculations is made.A study of factor analysis of the development of the market of logistics services showed that the segment of freight and warehousing logistics is not significantly affected by indicators combined in the component that characterized the price indices for transport, transport services, etc., is changes in domestic and foreign trade are greater impact on changes in the volume of these segments, regardless of changes in prices for services and related goods in the market of logistics services. The selection of factors according to the proposed method allows to determine their influence, but does not fully clarify the mechanism of influence, so the direction of further research should be to identify hidden variables that determine the presence of statistical correlations.

scholarly journals Ensuring Sustainable Freight Carriage through Interoperability between Maritime and Rail Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12766
Author(s):  
Aldona Jarašūnienė ◽  
Kristina Čižiūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Theoretical Assessment

With increasing freight flows and their carriage, sustainability in the transport sector is one of today’s key challenges. With expanding geographical coverage of consumers, manufacturers and all participants in the logistics chain, sustainable carriage is becoming a considerable challenge, which can possibly be tackled by interoperability between different modes of transport. However, even in this context, there are endless difficulties, such as the compatibility of modes of transport, completion of documentation, compatibility of information systems and technologies, and the like. This article examines the importance of interoperability between maritime and rail transport in the development of international freight carriage. A theoretical assessment of maritime and rail transport interoperability covering the need for the application of information systems (IS) in the field of maritime and rail transport is presented, as well as distinguishing research problems relating to this interoperability and the presentation of key results. The quantitative and qualitative research methods applied in this article, the results of the research as well as the expert assessment of the activities of companies providing maritime and rail transport services are presented to verify the adaptation of the developed model.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION IN PRIVATE BUILDINGS

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Okunev
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Cost Parameters ◽  
The Cost

The paper deals with minimization of cost expenses on insulation and operation of buildings. The thickness of thermal insulation of enclosure structures are calculated using the proposed quadratic equation with cost parameters, such as heat production, heat insulation, facades, heating system, and cost expenses. The dynamics of the consumer price index and the cost of energy carriers for the population are analyzed in order to obtain the necessary set of initial data. The study is conducted on the example of Moscow and the Moscow region. Newly erected buildings, both with single-layer and multi-layer walls are considered as well as the building insulation at a stage of repair or reconstruction. The obtained optimum values of the heat resistance vary several times, both significantly lower and higher than the standard values depending on the specific task.

The cost of hospital care for HIV patients in Colombia: an insurer’s perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 696-702
Author(s):  
Carlos A Álvarez-Moreno ◽  
Abel E González-Vélez ◽  
Claudia C Colmenares-Mejía ◽  
Karen L Rincón-Ramírez ◽  
Javier A García-Buitrago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Clinical Control ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost derived from the hospitalization of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Colombia between 2011 and 2015. This is an analysis of the direct cost of PLHIV hospitalization from the perspective of an insurer of the Colombian General Social Security System. The costs were calculated in Colombian pesos and corrected for inflation on the basis of the 2017 Consumer Price Index of the Bank of the Republic of Colombia. It was converted to US dollars at the Market Representative Exchange Rate of the same year. We analyzed 1129 hospitalizations in 612 PLHIV, of which 12% started with a diagnosis of HIV during the same hospitalization, with the majority in the AIDS stage (63%). The median overall cost of hospitalizations was US$1509 (25th and 75th percentiles: US$711–US$3254), being even higher in patients with AIDS and as the CD4 T lymphocyte count decreased. The cost derived from the medical care of PLHIV increases as the clinical control of the disease worsens, and it is a key indicator of the impact of the strategies implemented for the timely identification of the infection and subsequent management of the disease.

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