scholarly journals Essential terms of the contract of carriage of goods

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Elvir Akhmetshin ◽  
Kseniya Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Sales Contracts

The specifics of the contract of carriage of goods and its difference from other types of contracts used in the sale of goods and services are considered. Application of the contract of carriage of goods for the regulation of large-scale and long-term relations, and also relations between the branches of the economy and the regions of the country are considered. This is of practical importance and is necessary due to the fact that the specifically dedicated norms are applied to each contract along with the norms common to all sales contracts. At the same time, the legal characteristic of economic contract depends not only on the name assigned to it by the parties but also on those rights and obligations that the parties have determined in the contract. However, the functions performed and the role of each of the types of transport contracts cannot be unambiguous. In the article, the factors affecting the transport service of international business transactions are considered.

Approaches to Supporting Local and Community Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesel Mack Filgueiras ◽  
Andreia Rabetim ◽  
Isabel Aché Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social

Reflection about the role of community engagement and corporate social investment in Brazil, associated with the presence of a large economic enterprise, is the major stimulus of this chapter. It seeks to present how cross-sector governance can contribute to the social development of a city and how this process can be led by a partnership comprising a corporate foundation, government, and civil society. The concept of the public–private social partnership (PPSP) is explored: a strategy for building a series of inter-sectoral alliances aimed at promoting the sustainable development of territories where the company has large-scale enterprises, through joint efforts towards integrated long-term strategic planning, around a common agenda. To this end, the case of Canaã dos Carajás is introduced, a municipality in the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, where large-scale mining investment is being carried out by the mining company Vale SA.

Species Responses to Grazing and Environmental-Factors in an Arid Halophytic Shrubland Community

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Species Responses

Species responses to grazing and environmental factors were studied in an arid halophytic shrubland community in Western Australia. The grazing responses of major shrub species were defined by using reciprocal averaging ordination of botanical data, interpreted in conjunction with a similar ordination of soil chemical properties and measures of soil erosion derived from large-scale aerial photographs. An apparent small-scale interaction between grazing and soil salinity was also defined. Long-term grazing pressure is apparently reduced on localised areas of high salinity. Environmental factors affecting species distribution are complex and appear to include soil salinity, soil cationic balance, geomorphological variation and the influence of cryptogamic crusts on seedling establishment.

Natural Resources and Problems of Development

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Per Antonsen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Third World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Third World

The author focuses on problems in the economy of the developing countries likely to arise as a consequence of mineral exploitation in the new territories. A general shortage of mineral resources, although predicted, should not uncritically be adopted as a sufficient explanation of the demonstrated interest of industrial enterprises in undertaking heavy investments in the new territories. The economic security claimed by institutions financing large-scale investments, may just as likely force the companies to seek options for long-term supplies from these areas, unhampered by the politically caused instabilities perceived in the Third World. This development may tend to push the developing countries into the role of subsidiary suppliers in the world market. The committees preparing the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea have so far taken no realistic measures to counteract this possibility, which may prove detrimental to the economies of several developing countries. The Conference will, in the opinion of the author, provide little but a settlement of disputed interests among the coastal states.

Intraseasonal to decadal variability of Rossby wave packet properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Fragkoulidis ◽  
Volkmar Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Rossby Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Phase Speed ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Large Scale Flow

<p>The large-scale extratropical upper-tropospheric flow tends to organize itself into eastward-propagating Rossby wave packets (RWPs). Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of RWPs and the underlying physical processes has been beneficial in showcasing the role of the upper-tropospheric flow in temperature and precipitation extremes. The use of recently developed diagnostics of local in space and time wave properties has provided further insight in this regard. Motivated by the above, these diagnostic methods are now being employed to investigate the intraseasonal to decadal variability of key RWP properties such as their amplitude, phase speed, and group velocity in reanalysis datasets. It is shown that these properties exhibit a distinct seasonal and interregional variability, while interesting patterns thereof emerge. Moreover, the interannual and long-term variability in these RWP properties is explored and significant decadal trends for specific regions and seasons are highlighted. Ongoing work aims at further utilizing the presented diagnostics and analyses toward an improved understanding of the extratropical large-scale flow variability from weather to climate time scales.</p>

Planning or Improvisation

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge

This chapter assesses the role of planning in the design of governance strategies. Enthusiasm for large-scale planning—also known as overall, comprehensive, long-term, economic, or social planning—boomed and collapsed in twentieth century. At the start of that century, progressive reformers seized on planning as the remedy for the United States' social and economic woes. By the end of the twentieth century, enthusiasm for large-scale planning had collapsed. Plans could be made, but they were unlikely to be obeyed, and even if they were obeyed, they were unlikely to work as predicted. The chapter then explains that leaders should make plans while being realistic about the limits of planning. It is necessary to exercise foresight, set priorities, and design policies that seem likely to accomplish those priorities. Simply by doing this, leaders encourage coordination among individuals and businesses, through conversation about goals and tactics. Neither is imperfect knowledge a total barrier to planning. There is no “law” of unintended consequences: it is not inevitable that government actions will produce entirely unexpected results. The more appropriate stance is modesty about what is known and what can be achieved. Plans that launch big schemes on brittle assumptions are more likely to fail. Plans that proceed more tentatively, that allow room for testing, learning, and adjustment, are less likely to collapse in the face of unexpected results.

The Role of Emerging Technologies in Developing and Sustaining Diverse Suppliers in Competitive Markets

2013 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Alvin J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Management ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Electronic Procurement ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Business Customers ◽  
Business To Business

As organizations seek to maintain competitiveness in an ever-challenging global economic environment, considerable attention has been focused on rationalizing and realigning supply bases to match market realities. Firms are reducing and restructuring the number and types of suppliers from which they buy goods and services worldwide. This restructuring has a direct impact on minority suppliers. This chapter focuses on how minority suppliers can use technology, with particular focus on electronic procurement systems and related methods, to strengthen performance and attractiveness to potential business-to-business customers. Through the use of e-procurement, electronic auctions, and multiple customer relationship management processes, minority firms can strengthen relationships that lead to long-term success.

scholarly journals Rural Households’ Poverty and Relocation and Settlement: Evidence from Western China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Shuzhuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Western China ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
Southern Shaanxi ◽  
Transient Poverty

Based on survey data collected from five counties across southern Shaanxi, China, the present study employs a multinomial logistic model to explore the main factors related to the type of poverty of rural households, particularly focusing on the role of relocation time, reason for relocation, and type of relocation. The results showed that three types of poverty, “voluntary poverty”, “transient poverty”, and “chronic poverty”, are distinguished by combining income and consumption criteria. Moreover, relocation and settlement programs contribute to a certain degree to these three kinds of poverty, and the effects vary according to the relocation characteristics. Specifically, those relocated long-term were more likely to be trapped in “voluntary poverty” and “chronic poverty”, whereas those relocated short-term were less likely to fall into “voluntary poverty” and “transient poverty”. The poverty alleviation and disaster-related resettlers were less likely to be trapped in “chronic poverty”, whereas centralized resettlers were less likely to be trapped in “voluntary poverty” and “chronic poverty”. Additionally, demographic characteristics, capital endowment variables, and geographical features are all important factors affecting rural households’ type of poverty. This study can serve as a reference for further resettlement practice in China and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Return to Work Among Stroke Survivors

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin D. Ashley ◽  
Loretta T. Lee ◽  
Karen Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Work And Employment ◽  
Subsequent Failure

Despite improvements in the treatment of stroke, many individuals still face cognitive, emotional, and physical impairments. Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability and subsequent failure to return to work (RTW). The purpose of this literature review was to synthesize and discuss the literature relevant to factors affecting RTW for stroke survivors, summarize the identified gaps, and discuss steps occupational health nurses can take to facilitate RTW among stroke survivors. A literature search was conducted using the keywords: “stroke,” “cerebrovascular disease,” “return to work,” and “employment.” After excluding articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, 19 quantitative research articles were reviewed. Consistent themes found in the literature affecting RTW following stroke included physical, social, and cognitive factors. One of the most consistent predictors of RTW found was stroke severity. Individuals who experienced a mild to moderate stroke, those of Caucasian ethnicity, and higher socioeconomic levels were more likely to RTW. Findings suggest the importance of future studies to examine factors among African American stroke survivors that predict RTW and the role of occupational health nurses.

Kollisionsrecht der Vertragsübernahme

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Feiler
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
German Law ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Contractual Relationship ◽  
Contractual Relationships

Wherever long-term contractual relationships exist, there may also be a need for a transfer (assignment) of such contracts. In many legal systems, this is achieved by a uniform transfer of the complete contract (sometimes also called “assignment” of the contract). Increasingly, contracts are also being transferred in international business transactions. The cases to be found are manifold. After a look at the legal institution of the transfer of contracts in German law and some possible case scenarios, the work examines which law is applicable to such a transfer. It covers the more well-known institutions of assignment of claims, accession to and assumption of debt, and then sheds light on whether the transfer of an entire contractual relationship is also covered by the unified European conflict of laws provisions of the Rome Regulations. In addition, the contract transferred is examined: With the transfer of such contract, the question of a change of law applicable to the contract transferred arises.

Knowledge Utilisation in AgriFood SMEs: Effects of Organisational and Informational Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
David Eshun Yawson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Partial Least Squares Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knowledge Utilisation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Role Of Information

Given the critical role of information and marketing in SME management it is surprising that little attention has been paid to the salient factors that motivate or inhibits consumer information used by agrifood SMEs. A model of organisational and informational factors affecting knowledge utilisation in Agri-food SMEs is presented and empirically tested through partial least squares analysis via SmartPLS. The results of the empirical testing of the conceptual model provide evidence to indicate that functional and technical qualities, provider-user interaction and usefulness in the market environment are determinants of knowledge utilisation. The findings of this study have implications for agri-food SME management in the UK regarding their growth and competitiveness in the medium and long term.

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