scholarly journals The environmental impact of refuse derived fuel co-combustion with lignite

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Piotr Krawczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Badyda ◽  
Aleksandra Mikołajczak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuels

Legal regulations on waste disposal require waste producers to limit landfilling and to find different ways of waste management, the preferred methods being recycling of material and energy potential. Currently, in Poland, the only consumers of refuse-derived fuels (RDF) are cement plants. However, their ability to utilize alternative fuel is far from the estimated potential. One solution would be to redirect the excess fuel to power and heat production facilities. Unfortunately, these sectors are facing a number of problems related to the thermal treatment of waste, mainly formal nature. Co-combustion of waste in power plants raises a lot of concern among their employees and local communities. Especially significant is the harmfulness of usage of fuel from waste for the people’s lives or health, or the environment. The article compares the environmental footprints of the combustion process of: waste - based fuel (RDF) and lignite. The analysis was performed for a standard pulverized coal fired boiler. Comparative assessment was made by analyzing the total environmental impact of all combustion products of the two fuels. Final results have shown, that the environmental footprint of waste-based fuels can be similar or even smaller than traditional coal-based fuels

scholarly journals Co-Combustion Studies of Low-Rank Coal and Refuse-Derived Fuel: Performance and Reaction Kinetics

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3796
Author(s):  
Mudassar Azam ◽  
Asma Ashraf ◽  
Saman Setoodeh Setoodeh Jahromy ◽  
Sajjad Miran ◽  
Nadeem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Isoconversional Methods ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Average Activation Energy ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel

In connection to present energy demand and waste management crisis in Pakistan, refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is gaining importance as a potential co-fuel for existing coal fired power plants. This research focuses on the co-combustion of low-quality local coal with RDF as a mean to reduce environmental issues in terms of waste management strategy. The combustion characteristics and kinetics of coal, RDF, and their blends were experimentally investigated in a micro-thermal gravimetric analyzer at four heating rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C/min to ramp the temperature from 25 to 1000 °C. The mass percentages of RDF in the coal blends were 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The results show that as the RDF in blends increases, the reactivity of the blends increases, resulting in lower ignition temperatures and a shift in peak and burnout temperatures to a lower temperature zone. This indicates that there was certain interaction during the combustion process of coal and RDF. The activation energies of the samples were calculated using kinetic analysis based on Kissinger–Akahira–Sunnose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), isoconversional methods. Both of the methods have produced closer results with average activation energy between 95–121 kJ/mol. With a 30% refuse-derived fuel proportion, the average activation energy of blends hit a minimum value of 95 kJ/mol by KAS method and 103 kJ/mol by FWO method.

scholarly journals Utilization of Refuse Derived Fuel for Energy Recovery Processes: Prediction of Environmental Emissions and Thermal Behaviour in Combustion Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Singhal ◽  
Divya Gupta ◽  
Anurag Garg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Environmental Emissions ◽  
Msw Composition

Abstract In the present study, the environmental emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived fuel (RDF) in cement plants and coal-fired power plants are predicted using mass and energy flow modeling. Mumbai was considered as study area and RDF characteristics were assessed using MSW composition in Mumbai. The modeling results suggested that with increase in RDF share in fuel mixture, significant reduction in environmental parameters such as winter smog, global warming and acidification potentials could be achieved, though the electricity and heat generation were reduced. This problem can be overcome by improving the quality of RDF. Moreover, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of individual RDF components (compostable organic matter, paper, wood and plastic) was carried out in oxidative environment to understand their thermal stability. Average activation energies for plastic, wood and compostable organics (98.6–183 kJ/mol) were comparable to those reported for coal. The results suggest that coal and RDF co-combustion should not affect the combustion profile. Moreover, high plastic content in RDF can assist in control of combustion process and also can enhance its calorific value.

scholarly journals Coal Combustion Products Management toward a Circular Economy—A Case Study of the Coal Power Plant Sector in Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bielecka ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Environmental Reporting ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Coal Combustion Products

Coal combustion products can be considered as commercial products or waste depending on the quality of the coal, the combustion process, and the country’s legislation. The circular economy can create incentives for the implementation of new business models in large power plants in cooperation with coal mines and users of coal combustion products. This is particularly important in Poland, where coal still remains the main source of energy, employing over 80,000 workers. The objective of this study was to assess the readiness for change toward a circular economy and to identify challenges, barriers, and plans at seven large power plants. To do this, a final questionnaire was developed after checking environmental reporting, a CATI survey, and brainstorming between circular economy leaders from science, industry, and non-governmental organizations. The results indicate that even if the great economic and environmental potential of coal combustion products management are understood, all requirements connected with CO2 and air pollution have higher priorities. Policy shifts away from coal do not promote cooperation, but the higher acceptance of products from waste and more transparent data shows a large potential for changes toward a circular economy.

scholarly journals Formation of soot in the disposal of municipal solid waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Olga Barysheva ◽  
Alina Mokhova
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Composition Of Combustion Products

In power plants intended for the disposal of solid household waste, the processes take place at a high temperature. For such installations, nonequilibrium processes are characteristic of a change in the composition of combustion products caused by the final rates of the ongoing chemical reactions. This affects the basic characteristics of the combustion process of municipal solid waste. A mathematical model has been created for calculating the chemically nonequilibrium composition of the fuel. Solid household and industrial waste is a high-energy fuel. It is a high energy fuel. The process of thermal neutralization of solid household waste is considered. An alternative calculation method is presented that allows one to find the composition of combustion products under conditions of nonequilibrium in the process of thermal utilization of solid domestic waste. The data on the composition and properties of solid household waste obtained by the developed method of calculation allow predicting the yield of super Eco toxicants in combustion products. On the basis of the equations of formal chemical kinetics, an alternative was created, which consists in determining the composition of combustion products taking into account the kinetics of chemical reactions. The assumption is introduced that transformations in the gas phase are elementary, one-stage. Various chemical interactions can be represented by a set of elementary stages. The most probable are mono-, biand three molecular chemical reactions. The method allows predicting the yield of Eco toxicants by finding the composition of the fuel combustion products prior to its utilization.

Environmental Impact Assessment for New Nuclear Power Plants in Mediterranean Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-114
Author(s):  
Banu Bulut Acar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Near Future

Nuclear power is one of the sources of energy used or considered as an option by many countries in the Mediterranean as well as in the world. There are several countries in the region that currently have nuclear reactors or are planning to embark on a nuclear power program in the near future. Since the use of nuclear energy, like the other energy sources, has some environmental footprints, identification and assessment of environmental and socio-economic impacts of existing and planned nuclear power plants is important with regard to management and conservation of the Mediterranean environment. This chapter describes the interaction of nuclear power plants with the environment and focuses on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) processes conducted in nuclear power programs of the countries in the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the environmental footprints of marinas on European Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Cruz-Pérez ◽  
Jesica Rodríguez-Martín ◽  
Celso García ◽  
Florin Ioras ◽  
Nicholas Christofides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractPorts have been key elements in Europe's economic development. This situation is even more relevant on islands, which are highly dependent on the maritime sector. Consequently, over the years, ports with diverse functionalities have been established both in mainland Europe and on its outlying islands. This article discusses the environmental impact of leisure marinas on European islands, especially as they are closely linked to economic development through tourism. The aim is to study the environmental impact of these infrastructures by determining the carbon and water footprints of marinas on European islands in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The results obtained enable the authors to make recommendations in order to reduce the overall environmental footprint of marinas on islands, considering that these territories are much more vulnerable to climate change than mainland locations in Europe.

scholarly journals Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
U. Nopp-Mayr ◽  
F. Kunz ◽  
F. Suppan ◽  
E. Schöll ◽  
J. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Independent Field

AbstractIncreasing numbers of wind power plants (WPP) are constructed across the globe to reduce the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. There are, however, concerns on the effects of WPP on human health as well as related effects on wildlife. To address potential effects of WPP in environmental impact assessments, existing models accounting for shadow flickering and noise are widely applied. However, a standardized, yet simple and widely applicable proxy for the visibility of rotating wind turbines in woodland areas was largely lacking up to date. We combined land cover information of forest canopy extracted from orthophotos and airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data to represent the visibility of rotating wind turbines in five woodland study sites with a high spatial resolution. Performing an in-situ validation in five study areas across Europe which resulted in a unique sample of 1738 independent field observations, we show that our approach adequately predicts from where rotating wind turbine blades are visible within woodlands or not. We thus provide strong evidence, that our approach yields a valuable proxy of the visibility of moving rotor blades with high resolution which in turn can be applied in environmental impact assessments of WPP within woodlands worldwide.

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