scholarly journals Computer measurement of ampacity of thin layers made on textile composite substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Artur Szczęsny ◽  
Jerzy Józwik ◽  
and Arkadiusz Tofil
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Textile Composite ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Technology ◽  
Composite Substrate ◽  
Computer Measurement

Technology of creating electrical and electronic systems on flexible substrates, with special emphasis on textile substrates, is one of the most important areas in the field of developing textronics, which is applicable in protective clothes. Resistance and ampacity are the key parameters of electrically conductive thin layers formed on such substrates. Authors of this paper present the results of research related to creation of thin-layered, electrically conductive structures on substrates using a vacuum technology of layer application and assess the scope of their usefulness. Measurement of averaged surface temperature and thermal energy emitted at the surface of the structure will be the subject to metrological evaluation. The authors present developed method with Peltier cells used for measuring the average temperature and emitted heat to evaluate these parameters. The described method allows measurement of average values by matching the dimensions of the cell to the surface. The proposed method avoids possible temperature gradient around the point of measure which occurs in contact methods. The test results also pertain to the determination of the resistance of the test surfaces using a balance of generated thermal power which allows evaluation of the process of creating layers.

scholarly journals The Influence of Laser Modification on a Composite Substrate and the Resistance of Thin Layers Created Using the PVD Process

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Mariusz Tomczyk ◽  
Maria Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Textile Composite ◽  
Laser Modification ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Substrate Modification ◽  
Composite Substrate ◽  
Planning Technique

For physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology, cleaning a substrate is one of the key preliminary processes before depositing the metal layer. In this article, we present the results of research on the modification of a textile composite substrate using laser technology and its influence on the surface resistance of silver structures intended for use in wearable electronics. As a result of the substrate modification, the resistance of the layers increased as compared with the structures produced on an unmodified substrate. An experimental planning technique was used to optimize the laser modification process.

Determination of Traces Heavy Metals from Solid Residues Formed by Combustion of Lignite in Relation to Degree of Accessibility in Soil and Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Delia Nica Badea
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Risk Potential

The paper evaluates the presence and content of traces of heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, Cd (total forms) from coal and solid combustion products, the degree of transfer and accessibility in the area of influence of a lignite power plant. The content of toxic heavy metals in residues are characterized by RE Meiji [ 1 (Pb and Hg) and REMeij �1 (Ni and Cd) for the filter ash. Pb and Ni content in the soil exceeds normal values, and Pb exceeds and alert value for sensitive soils around the residue deposit (70.20 mg.Kg-1). The degree of accessibility of the metals in plants (TF), reported at the Khan reference value (0.5), indicates a significant bioaccumulation level for the metals: Cd (1.9) and Hg (0.6) inside the deposit; Cd (0.39) at the base of the deposit, Hg (0.8) in the area of the thermal power plant. The trace levels of heavy metals analyzed by GFAAS and CVAAS (Hg), indicates a moderate risk potential for food safety and quality of life in the studied area.

scholarly journals RADIONUCLIDE CHARACTERISTICS OF RDE SPENT FUELS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihda Husnayani ◽  
Pande Made Udiyani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Neutron Production ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spent Fuel Storage ◽  
Fuel Storage

Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) is a 10 MWth pebble-bed High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor that is planned to be constructed by National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN) in Puspiptek complex, Tangerang Selatan. RDE utilizes low enriched UO2 fuel coated by TRISO layers and loaded into the core by means of multipass loading scheme. Determination of radionuclide characteristics of RDE spent fuel; such as activity, thermal power, neutron and photon release rates; are very important because those characteristics are crucial to be used as a base for evaluating the safety of spent fuel handling system and storage tank. This study is aimed to investigate the radionuclide characteristics of RDE spent fuel at the end of cycle and during the first 5 years cooling time in spent fuel storage. The method used to investigate the radionuclide characteristics is burnup calculation using ORIGEN2.1 code. In performing the ORIGEN2.1 calculation, one pebble fuel was assumed to be irradiated in the core for 5 cycles and then decayed for 5 years. At the end of the fifth cycle, it is obtained that the total activity, thermal power, neutron production, and photon release rates from all radionuclides inside one spent fuel are approximately 105.68 curies, 0.41 watts, 2.65 x 103 neutrons/second, and 1.79 x 104 photons/second, respectively. The results for the radionuclides characteristics during the first 5 years cooling time in the spent fuel storage show that the radioactivity characteristics from all radionuclides are rapidly decreasing at the first year and then slowly decreasing at the second until the fifth year of cooling time. The results obtained in this study can provide data for safety evaluation of fuel handling and spent fuel storage, such as the calculation of sourceterm, radiation dose rate, and the determination of radiation shielding.Keywords: RDE, spent fuel, radionuclide activity, thermal power, neutron production, photon releaserates KARAKTERISTIK RADIONUKLIDA DI DALAM BAHAN BAKAR RDE. Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) adalah reaktor tipe Reaktor Temperatur Tinggi Berpendingin Gas dengan daya termal 10MW yang akan dibangun oleh BadanTenagaNuklirNasional (BATAN) di kawasanPuspiptek, Tangerang Selatan. RDE menggunakan bahan bakar UO2 yang dilapisi dengan lapisan TRISO dan dimasukkan ke dalam teras RDE menurut skema multipass (5 siklus). Penentuan karakteristik radionuklida di dalam bahan bakar RDE; seperti aktivitas, daya termal, laju produksi neutron dan pelepasan foton; adalah sangat penting karena informasi karakteristik ini diperlukan sebagai dasar untuk melakukan evaluasi keselamatan system penanganan dan penyimpanan bahan bakar bekas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik radionuklida bahanbakar RDE setelah 5 siklus dan pada 5 tahun pertama pendinginan ditempat penyimpanan bahan bakar bekas. Metode yang digunakan dalam menghitung karakteristik radionuklida adalah menggunakan program ORIGEN2.1. Satu bola bahan bakar RDE diasumsikan diiradiasi selama 5 siklus dan kemudian meluruh selama 5 tahun. Pada akhir siklus, diperoleh hasil aktivitas total, daya termal, laju produksi neutron dan pelepasan foton dari seluruh radionuklida di dalam satu bola bahan bakar RDE sebesar 105,68 curies, 0,41 watts, 2,65 x 103 neutron/detik, dan 1,79 x 104 foton/detik. Hasil untuk karakteristik radionuklida selama 5 tahun penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik radioktivitas radionuklida menurun dengan cepat pada tahun pertama dan kemudian menurun lebih lambat pada tahun kedua hingga tahun kelima. Hasil perhitungan karakteristik radionuklida dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai basis untuk analisis keselamatan penanganan dan penyimpanan bahan bakarbekas RDE.Kata kunci:RDE, bahan bakar bekas, aktivitas radionuklida, daya termal, produksi neutron, laju foton

scholarly journals Biomedical applications of electrically conductive polymeric systems

e-Polymers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Jagur-Grodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Chemical Materials

AbstractProperties of the electrically conductive polymers (ECPs) enable introduction of several novel applications in various fields, among others, as biomedical materials. Their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering and recovery of damaged neural tissues is especially advantageous. They may also be used for the electrically induced drug release and delivery, and as very sensitive biosensors for clinical applications. Another use is the detection and precision of the biologically important chemical materials. They have been shown to modulate and accelerate activities of the nerve, skeletal, muscle, and bone cells. Cell growth, migration and adhesion, may be stimulated by applying electric potential. Synthesis of DNA, secretion of proteins, and transformations of stem cells may be enhanced. Clinical analysis using ECP-based biosensors make possible the precise determination of the exact composition of individual DNA molecules, and thus enable early detection and treatment of genetically related diseases. Electrochemical (EC) approach of ECP-sensors enables precise determination of concentrations of several biologically important chemicals.

Properties of thin layers of electrically conductive polymer/MWCNT composites prepared by spray coating

2017 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Staudinger ◽  
P. Thoma ◽  
F. Lüttich ◽  
A. Janke ◽  
O. Kobsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Electrically Conductive

scholarly journals Online Determining Heat Transfer Coefficient for Monitoring Transient Thermal Stresses

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jaremkiewicz ◽  
Jan Taler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Computer Calculation ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Unsteady Temperature ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

This paper proposes an effective method for determining thermal stresses in structural elements with a three-dimensional transient temperature field. This is the situation in the case of pressure elements of complex shapes. When the thermal stresses are determined by the finite element method (FEM), the temperature of the fluid and the heat transfer coefficient on the internal surface must be known. Both values are very difficult to determine under industrial conditions. In this paper, an inverse space marching method was proposed for the determination of the heat transfer coefficient on the active surface of the thick-walled plate. The temperature and heat flux on the exposed surface were obtained by measuring the unsteady temperature in a small region on the insulated external surface of a pressure component that is easily accessible. Three different procedures for the determination of the heat transfer coefficient on the water-spray surface were presented, with the division of the plate into three or four finite volumes in the normal direction to the plate surface. Calculation and experimental tests were carried out in order to validate the method. The results of the measurements and calculations agreed very well. The computer calculation time is short, so the technique can be used for online stress determination. The proposed method can be applied to monitor thermal stresses in the components of the power unit in thermal power plants, both conventional and nuclear.

Characterization and determination of 28 elements in fly ashes collected in a thermal power plant in Argentina using different instrumental techniques

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta Marrero ◽  
Griselda Polla ◽  
Raúl Jiménez Rebagliati ◽  
Rita Plá ◽  
Darío Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Fly Ashes

Preliminary CFD Investigation of Syngas Combustion at Different Operating Pressures

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Norhaslina Mat Zian ◽  
Hasril Hasini ◽  
Nur Irmawati Om
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Conventional Combustion ◽  
Synthetic Gas ◽  
Syngas Combustion

Study on the flow and combustion behavior inside gas turbine combustor used in thermal power plant is described in this paper. The combustion process takes place using synthetic gas and emphasis is given to the effect of pressure variation on flame profile, temperature distribution and emissions as compared to the conventional combustion using methane. The operating pressure of the can-type combustor varies in the range of 1-10 atm. while the syngas composition is assumed to have fixed values of 10% CH4, 55% CO, 30% H2 and 5% N2. Preliminary result shows that the flow inside the can-combustor is highly swirling which indicates good mixing of fuel and air prior to the entrance of the mixture to the main combustion zone. The temperature distribution at combustor mid plane show identical pattern for pressure range between 1-10 atm for both maximum and average temperature magnitude.

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