scholarly journals Organizational Problems of Machine-Building Enterprises in the Context of Small-Scale Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03025
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Tipner ◽  
Yuliya Markova ◽  
Nikita Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Building Enterprises ◽  
Organizational Problems

The need to increase labour productivity and improve the competitiveness of engineering products, as well as to increase high-tech exports, are urgent tasks for the development of industry in the Russian Federation. The creation of competitive products implies flexibility in the approach to the consumer, which leads to an increase in the share of enterprises operating in conditions of small-scale production. The purpose of this study is to assess the reserves of productivity growth at machine-building enterprises of small-scale and unit-type production in the Ural region. Research has shown that organizational factors, such as the automation of production preparation processes, the use of photo-timing studies in the conditions of small-scale production, have a significant impact on labour productivity. In this case, the solution of organizational problems helps to create informational database for introduction at the enterprises of mechanical engineering complex life cycle management of products (the PLM).

scholarly journals Trends in agriculture and food production

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
János Lazányi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Agricultural Reform ◽  
Agricultural Output

Agricultural reform resulted a shift from collective farming to small-scale production in China. This reform also has resulted a strong increase in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a slower increase in labour productivity. At the beginning of the reforms, agriculture accounted for 70 percent of total employment in China and still employs more than 50%. As a result of these reforms, China has undergone impressive economic growth also in the agriculture; the country has become one of the world’s top exporters and is attracting record amounts of foreign investment. The government has also stepped up investments in rural areas to meet the market demand for agricultural products. Results are very competitive compared to Central and Eastern European countries, where agriculture accounted for only 15 percent of total employment, but agricultural reform resulted a strong decline in gross agricultural output, which coincides with a similarly strong decline in employment. When approaching the issue of sustainable agriculture, we have to take into consideration, which China and India feed the largest populations in the world and both countries have had its own agricultural successes in the past 50 years. China has used land far more efficiently than many developed countries. With nine percent of the world’s arable land, China is responsible for the greatest share of agricultural production worldwide. Volume of produced pork, eggs, wheat, cotton, tobacco, and rice has increased and China exports an increasing amount of product each year. China has opened his borders, but do not expose food consumers to price shocks and producers to risks and disincentives. In this paper, the land-tenure system and the trends of agricultural developments are analysed in China and selected countries of EU.

scholarly journals Additive technologies: an innovative effectdigitalization in industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
G. S. Armashova-Telnik ◽  
P. N. Sokolova ◽  
D. V. Degterev
Keyword(s):  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article discusses the integration of additive technologies into production, presents the advantages and disadvantages of 3D metal printing. The data of the current indicators of the effectiveness of technological processes when using 3D equipment are analyzed, the difficulties of introducing additive technologies into production processes are determined. Conclusions on the trends and prospects of development of engineering solutions in the field of additive technologies are formulated. So, additive technologies provide an opportunity for a business entity to reduce production lines, minimize the production time for complex technological parts. In addition, the specifics of the operation process of parts - the result of high-tech production, provide both a long service life of component elements, and a high degree of reliability of materials, functional stability and structural strength, and, simplification of repair work (replacement of parts of parts), which generally determines the quality of manufactured products. This, in turn, determines, in economic realities, the development of economic and technological innovative engineering solutions through the promotion of additive technologies, increasing the economic indicators of the production activity of a business entity. The characteristic features of 3D printing of metals studied in this article make it possible to highlight the defining technological processes of the principles of printing, constructively represent the properties of additive structures. It can be stated that in the current period of development of economic and technological innovative engineering solutions, the field of promoting additive technologies has significant achievements and prospects. Small-scale production is gradually being introduced into additive manufacturing, which has distinctive characteristics for the mechanical engineering industry. The introduction of such technological equipment provides an opportunity to speed up the manufacturing procedure, improve the properties of the product, despite the high cost (0.8-1.5 million euros). At the same time, from a strategic economic position in comparison with classical technologies, high-tech engineering solutions act as highly competitive.

Dry Mixes for Casting Manufacturing in Single and Small-Scale Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 549-557
Author(s):  
V.V. Dyadichev ◽  
Yu.A. Svinoroev ◽  
A.V. Dyadichev
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Engineering Solution ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Solution Focused

The paper considers the possibility of using unified dry mixes for machine-building enterprises with small-scale and single-piece production of castings. Dry mixes for production of expendable molds and rods have been developed. Their distinctive feature is that cladded CMC high-silica sand is used as a filler, and powder-like LST are used as a binder. All the ingredients of the mix are products of domestic and Russian production, are not scarce, are not expensive in price, are simple and safe to use. Experimental-industrial tests of the proposed dry mixes were carried out, and a pilot batch of castings was produced in the amount of 5 tons of good casting (small shaped cast-iron casting). Taking into account the specificity of the foundries at enterprises with single-piece and small-scale production, the features of their technical equipment, an engineering solution, focused directly on this segment, has been developed and proposed. The engineering solution relates to the manufacturing processes of casting molds and rods production, and consists in the development of formulations for dry foundry mixes. A distinctive feature of the formulations is: simplicity in use, versatility in functionality, reliance on the domestic resource base, which means that it is affordable, not expensive, and environmentally friendly, safe both for production personnel and for the environment, in the area where the industrial enterprise is located.

Digital Transformation of Technological Support of Production in Small Enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
V.F. Bulavin ◽  
T.G. Bulavina ◽  
D.V. Koshutin ◽  
V.V. Yakhrichev ◽  
A.S. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Virtual Production ◽  
New Business ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Building Enterprises

Technological transformation involves the integration of medium and small machine-building enterprises into a single field of virtual factories. The integration is based on the strategy of transition to digital production within the framework of national projects and the National Technology Initiative. Divergent thinking is regarded as a driving factor in production and management, which significantly affects all aspects of socio-economic activity. The convergent application of CAD / CAM / CAPP / CAE / CAO ideologies is at the initial stage of use, while individual process components are widely used at all levels of enterprises. The paper considers the development of a group of competencies that ensure the combination of advanced production technologies, as well as their distribution in the field of small and medium-sized machine-building enterprises. The production for markets of new qualities and the development of high-tech directions in the industry lead to the production of globally competitive products. To respond to these trends, deep automation, digitalization, and intellectualization of production processes are required, which implies the combination of material and digital virtual production. A dynamic environment and the challenges it entails need quick and effective decisions to remain competitive in the long term and the ability to accelerate adaptation processes. These total changes are accompanied by the development of fundamentally new business processes at all levels.

scholarly journals Formation and development of agricultural engineering in Russia before 1917

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Tsench
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Market Needs

Material is presented on the formation and development of agricultural engineering in Russia in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The research materials were archival funds, Internet resources, historical works, and literature. The prerequisites and features of the emergence of agricultural machine-building enterprises, namely repair shops and factories, against the background of social changes are examined. The information on the creation and development of Russia’s fi rst agricultural machine-building plants is given and analyzed. Prior to the abolition of serfdom, 60% of enterprises manufacturing agricultural tools belonged to artisanal workshops, and 10% – to small factories. This volume accounted for less than 50% of the market needs, the rest of the equipment necessary for agriculture was supplied by foreign plants. By 1880, the number of domestic enterprises increased to 340. In 1913, agricultural machinery production already accounted for 20.5% of the total volume of Russian mechanical engineering. The largest agricultural engineering plants were located in the south and in the central part of Russia. In 1913, the share of southern plants amounted to 53%, the share of the plants of central provinces – 20.5% of the total output (by value). In other regions, artisanal production of equipment and machinery of simple designs prevailed. After World War I, agricultural machinery production declined to 8% from the 1913 level. Enterprises created in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries became the basis of agricultural engineering in Russia. The following features of the Russian agricultural machine-building industry are noted: small-scale production, limited nomenclature, manufacture of tools of simple designs, focus on the local market, lack of export, dependence of production volumes on the yield, lack of narrow specialization of enterprises, seasonal character of production.

scholarly journals Theoretical and applied aspects of labour efficiency as a social and economic category

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Tatiana Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Hourly Output ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Building Enterprises

Introduction. Improving labour efficiency is the key to successful operation of any organization. Social and economic development of the state is largely depends on the in-depth study of labour efficiency management. These issues should be solved at certain enterprises at macro- and meso-economic levels. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to deepen theoretical and methodological principles and develop practical recommendations for improving labour efficiency. Results. The generalization of theoretical and methodological provisions of the category of labour efficiency is carried out. Methodical approaches to the evaluation and measurement of labour efficiency at enterprises have been considered. It is established that labour efficiency, as an economic category, takes into account many aspects that reveal it through certain characteristics, which are expressed in labour productivity, quality and labour performance. It was found that increasing the production of surplus products can increase productivity, but will reduce its efficiency. It is noted that labour efficiency is a dynamic indicator that reflects evaluation of changes in the sum of indicators of labour quality and productivity, life quality of all stakeholders involved in the working process and the use of its results. It is proposed to consider the category "labour efficiency" in terms of qualitative and quantitative criteria and substantiate the essence of labour efficiency, which reflects qualitative component in the form of products of specific consumer quality with value added and quantitative component in the form of manufactured products to the amount of labour spent on its production. The method of building a model for determining the coefficients of rating of the factors of enterprise development using the method of linearization of the model of labour efficiency is proposed. Conclusions. It is proposed to evaluate labour efficiency at the enterprise using a quantitative criterion which is the average hourly output of one employee, and a qualitative criterion which is the average hourly value added per employee. The increase in value added at the enterprise is achieved through the optimization of all production processes. The comparative complex analysis by means of the method of defining specific rating coefficients (SRC) of influence of development factors on labour efficiency at the machine-building enterprises is carried out. Proposals have been developed to evaluate optimal conditions for the development, stability and decline (bankruptcy) of machine-building enterprises.

scholarly journals Science organization of management as a method of production systems’ effectiveness increasing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Lilya F. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Prognostic System ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Building Enterprises

Modern high-tech production must be highly-effective and competitive, what is possible only when effective management system is available. There are disadvantages and problems of domestic machine-building enterprises and their practical experience. On the basis of made research with using fundamental theoretical and applied developments in the sphere of increasing management there is suggested conceptual appearance of a unique prognostic system of machine-building enterprises not mass production, the choice of directions of increasing these enterprises’ operative management system is justified. The purpose of the article is to propose ways to improve the efficiency of manufacturing enterprises. The methodology used in conducting this study and developing proposals for increasing the efficiency of production systems is based on the principles and methods of the general theory of management, its cybernetic and social components, as well as methods of specific management sciences for the creation and effective functioning of enterprise management mechanisms.

scholarly journals INVESTMENT COOPERATION AND PRODUCTION COOPERATION OF UKRAINE AND THE EU

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 390-397
Author(s):  
I. Fomichenko ◽  
Ye. Myronenko ◽  
V. Shashko ◽  
Ye. Bolotina ◽  
І. Stashkevych
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Building Enterprises

The aim of the article is to study the investment cooperation and production cooperation of Ukraine with the countries of the European Union in the context of global integration processes. In the process of research the following general scientific and applied research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction — in the process of choosing environmental factors that affect the investment activity of machine-building enterprises; systematization and generalization — in the process of conducting export-import operations of Ukraine with EU countries; monographic methods — for in-depth study of the tasks; abstract-logical methods — for theoretical generalization of research results and formulation of conclusions and proposals. An approach to the analysis of investment cooperation and production cooperation of Ukraine and the EU in the context of global integration processes based on the use of PEST-analysis of external factors affecting the activities of machine-building enterprises and SWOT-analysis of competitive advantages of machine-building enterprises of Ukraine, which identifies strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment in relation to the opportunities and threats of the external environment and to suggest potential directions for the development of their foreign economic activity in the context of European integration. The practical significance lies in the development of proposals to minimize the negative impact of external factors of enterprises, including reorientation to the production of high-tech and innovative products, changes in tax policy, public administration, as well as accelerating the modernization of fixed assets, stimulating innovation and promoting high-tech products, which will increase the level of competitiveness of machine-building enterprises, both domestically and in the foreign market. Originality lies in substantiating the structural elements of the approach to the analysis of investment cooperation and production cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the context of global integration processes, which determine ways to minimize the negative impact of factors on the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises ensuring the re-equipment of many high-tech science-intensive industries.

scholarly journals Methods of evaluation of production and technological work with shipbuilding

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Г.В. Герман ◽  
Н.В. Никитин
Keyword(s):  
Machine Building ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Mechanical Assembly ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Assembly Production

Оценка и анализ производственно-технологических работ судостроительных предприятий обусловлен необходимостью обеспечения конкурентоспособности вновь создаваемых объектов морской техники с показателями качества на уровне лучших мировых образцов с одновременным повышением темпов технико-экономического развития их производства. Названная проблема диктует необходимость адекватной оценки состояния технического оснащения производства, а также наиболее эффективных направлений вложения средств на техническое перевооружение. Техническое оснащение производства во многом зависит от уровня автоматизации, механизации технологических процессов, объёмов ручных работ, конструктивно-технологических особенностей создаваемых объектов морской техники, серийности производства и т.д. Для судостроения, судового машиностроения с учётом единичного и мелкосерийного производства характерна высокая доля ручного труда, особенно при выполнении механомонтажных работ. В статье предложен принципиально новый подход к оценке производственно-технологических работ (уровней технического оснащения производства) судостроительных предприятий. Приведены результаты расчётов и оценки на примере переделов (видов работ) механомонтажного производства для группы отечественных судостроительных предприятий. Предложенный метод оценки производственно-технологических работ (потенциалов) универсален для любых видов судостроительных и машиностроительных работ. Evaluation and analysis of production and technological works of shipbuilding enterprises is conditioned by the need to ensure the competitiveness of newly created marine equipment facilities with quality indicators at the level of the world's best samples, while increasing the pace of technical and economic development of their production. This problem dictates the need for an adequate assessment of the state of technical equipment of production, as well as the most effective ways of investing funds for technical re-equipment. The technical equipment of production largely depends on the level of automation, mechanization of technological processes, the volume of manual work, the design and technological features of the created objects of marine equipment, serial production, etc. For shipbuilding, marine engineering, taking into account single and small-scale production, a high proportion of manual labor is characteristic, especially when performing mechanical installation work. The article proposes a fundamentally new approach to the assessment of production and technological works (levels of technical equipment of production) of shipbuilding enterprises. The results of calculations and estimates on the example of repartitions (types of work) are given mechanical assembly production for a group of domestic shipbuilding enterprises. The proposed method of evaluation of production and technological works (potentials) is universal for all types of shipbuilding and machine-building works.

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