Fortification of chocolate using Moringa oleifera extract encapsulated in microemulsions

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physical and antioxidant properties of microemulsions containing Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) produced by the means of a deep eutectic solvent. Selected microemulsions containing MLE were incorporated in chocolate products to enrich them. Their color properties including CIE L*, a*, b* parameters and whitening index (WI) along with DPPH radical scavenging activity were assessed during a period of 8 months. The antioxidant activity of microemulsions depended on the oil phase used, while it was unaffected by the concentration of MLE. Samples prepared with soybean oil as oil phase containing MLE presented the highest radical inhibition percentage (I% = 26.8–27.8%). Coconut microemulsions were finally incorporated at 2 and 4% w/w concentration into chocolate products, as coconut oil is a known cocoa butter substitute. Although the incorporation of MLE microemulsions did not affect the color properties of most of the chocolates, enriched products did not exhibit superior antioxidant activity compared to control samples.

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Effect of processing on the quality, composition and antioxidant properties of Terminalia catappa (Indian almond) seed oil

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.58.10895 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (58) ◽

pp. 7662-7678

Author(s):

OB Adu ◽

◽

M Omojufehinsi ◽

MO Esanboro ◽

DA Abe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

This study was aimed at extracting and purifying T. catappa seed oil with a view to investigating the effect of processing on the composition and antioxidant activity of the oil. Oil was extracted from the dried and roasted T. catappa seed and subjected to degumming and bleaching. The different processed oils were analysed for their fatty acid, phytosterols, and fat soluble vitamins composition. Antioxidant properties of the oils were also determined by measuring the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and inhibition of heat induced peroxidation. Roasting and processing caused a reduction in acid value, increased peroxide value, but had no effect on the iodine and saponification values of T. catappa oil. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid (42.466%) while oleic acid was the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid (23.445%). Roasting significantly reduced fatty acid concentration of the oil, and bleaching of both unroasted and roasted oils increased the concentration of fatty acids except linoleic acid. Gamma-sitosterol and Betasitosterol were present in appreciable amounts only in the crude oils. Roasting increased Vitamins A and D concentrations but drastically reduced that of vitamin E. Degumming had no effect on the fat soluble vitamins of T. catappa oil, but bleaching significantly reduced the concentrations of all the vitamins. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the seed oil was between 26.93 ± 15.42% and 65.47 ± 31.59%. Refining increased the free radical scavenging activity of the unroasted oil, but did not affect the antioxidant activity of roasted oil. The capacity of the oil in preventing heat induced peroxidation was comparable to that of Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Processing of the oil significantly increased its antioxidant activity. Loss of vitamin E did not affect the antioxidant activity of the oil. Thus, suggesting the presence of a heat stable antioxidant in the oil. This study indicated T. catappa seed oil to be potential pharmaceutical oil with good antioxidant characteristics

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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Newly Keratinolytic Bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum B4

International Journal of PharmTech Research ◽

10.20902/ijptr.2019.130215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 123-127

Author(s):

Jendri Mamangkey ◽

Dwi Suryanto ◽

Erman Munir ◽

Apon Zaenal Mustopa

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Keratinolyticbacteria of A. chrocoocum B4 was evaluated for its potential of antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Kirby-Bauer method was used to know antibacterial potential of B4 againtsStaphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus sp., enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, Enterobactersakazakii, and Salmonella enterica. Antioxydant test was done using DPPH radical scavenging activity assay with ascorbic acid as a controll. In this study, hydrolysate of pellet, dialysis, and fraction 25 of B4 keratinase purification of previous study was used for antibacterial and antioxidant test. The result showed that B4 hydrolysatesinhibited Gram positive pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and Gram negative Enterobacter sakazakii. All hydrolysates showed to have antioxidant properties in which fraction 25 showed higher compared to that of others. This study showed poultry waste-derived keratinase of B4 might be useful as supplementary protein, antibacterial, and antioxidant in the animal feed formulations.

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(464) Antioxidant Activity in Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1090c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1090C-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shiow Wang ◽

Ross Penhallegon

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Oh Radicals ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Solids Content ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Lingonberries have been shown to contain high antioxidant activity. Fruit from different cultivars of lingonberry (Vacciniumvitis-idaea L) were evaluated for fruit quality, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin and phenolic contents. The fruit soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acids (TA), antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin and phenolic contents varied with cultivars. The SSC ranged from 12.9% to 16.9%, the TA ranged from 0.31% to 0.41% and the ratios of SSC/TA ranged from 35.37 to 51.21. Lingonberries contain potent free radical scavenging activities for DPPH·, ROO·, ·OH and O .-2 radicals. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values from acetone extraction of lingonberries ranged from 58.5–223.6 μmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g fresh berries. The ED50 values for DPPH-radical scavenging ranged from 5.91–11.77 mg fresh weight. The DPPH-radical scavenging activity correlated with ORAC values with a R2 of 0.8009. ESR spectrum showed that 50 mg·mL-1 of lingonberry extract decreased ·OH radicals by 83% and O .-2 radicals by 99%. Cyanidin 3-galactoside was the most dominant anthocyanin and contributed the most antioxidant activity in lingonberries. The antioxidant properties of lingonberries may play an important role in protecting cells against the oxidative damage caused by free radicals.

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Antioxidant activity of cookiessupplemented with sugarbeet dietary fiber

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si11177 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marijana B. Saka ◽

Julianna F. Gyura ◽

Aleksandra Mišan ◽

Zita I. Šereš ◽

Biljana S. Pajin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Functional Characteristics

The antioxidant activity of cookies prepared by the addition of sugarbeet dietary fibers was investigated in order to estimate their influence on functional characteristics and shelf-life of cookies. Treated fiber (TF) was obtained from sugarbeet by extraction with sulfurous acid (75 °C at pH = 5.7during 60 min) and treatment with hydrogen peroxide (20 g/LH2O2 at pH = 11 during 24 h). The fiber obtained was dried (80 °C), ground and sieved. TF was investigated in comparison with commercially available Fibrex®. The cookies were prepared by the addition of 0, 7, 9 and 11% of sugarbeet dietary fiber as a substitute for wheat flour in the formulation of cookies. The antioxidant properties of cookies were tested every 7 days using a DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity test during 6 weeks of storage at room temperature (23 ± 1 ºC). The obtained results indicated that substitution of wheat flour with Fibrex® in the formulation of cookies upgraded the antioxidant activity, i.e. the functional characteristics of Fibrex®-enriched cookies and could prolong their shelf-life. In contrast, TF did not increase the antioxidant activity of TF-enriched cookies. The better antioxidant activities of Fibrex®-enriched cookies could be attributed to the presence of ferulic acid.

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Antiglycation and Antioxidant Properties of Ficus deltoidea Varieties

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6374632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Nur Sumirah Mohd Dom ◽

Nurshieren Yahaya ◽

Zainah Adam ◽

Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd. Rahman ◽

Muhajir Hamid

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Ficus Deltoidea ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of standardized methanolic extracts from seven Ficus deltoidea varieties in inhibiting the formation of AGEs, protein oxidation, and their antioxidant effects. The antiglycation activity was analyzed based on the inhibition of AGEs, fructosamine, and thiol groups level followed by the inhibition of protein carbonyl formation. The antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay) and total phenolic contents were evaluated. After 28 days of induction, all varieties of Ficus deltoidea extracts significantly restrained the formation of fluorescence AGEs by 4.55–5.14 fold. The extracts also reduced the fructosamine levels by 47.0–86.5%, increased the thiol group levels by 64.3–83.7%, and inhibited the formation of protein carbonyl by 1.36–1.76 fold. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed an IC50 value of 66.81–288.04 μg/ml and reducing power activity depicted at 0.02–0.24 μg/ml. The extent of phenolic compounds present in the extracts ranged from 70.90 to 299.78 mg·GAE/g. Apart from that, correlation studies between the activities were observed. This study revealed that seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea have the potential to inhibit AGEs formation and possess antioxidant activity that might be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds.

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Aktywność przeciwutleniająca i przeciwbakteryjna miodu, propolisu oraz pyłku kwiatowego

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2020.21.3.123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Woźniak ◽

Lucyna Mrówczyńska ◽

Anna Sip ◽

Marta Babicka ◽

Tomasz Rogoziński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Content ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains

Introduction. Honey, propolis and pollen belong to bee products that have beneficial biological properties. These products exhibit e.g. antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. Due to biological activity and natural origin, bee products are used, e.g. in the food industry, cosmetology and pharmacy. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of honey, propolis and pollen from an apiary located in Wielkopolska Province. Material and methods. Honey, propolis and pollen used in this study came from the same apiary located in Wielkopolska Province. The antioxidant potential of bee products was evaluated applying DPPH· free radical scavenging activity assay. The antimicrobial activity of the tested bee products was determined by the point-diffusion method against 13 strains of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the total content of phenolic compounds in honey, propolis and pollen was determined by the colorimetric method. Results. Propolis exhibited higher antioxidant activity, in comparison to honey and pollen. The antiradical activity of propolis was equal to 80% approx. activity of Trolox, the standard antioxidant. Among tested bee products, propolis was characterized by the highest total phenols content. In addition, honey, propolis and pollen showed antagonistic activity against tested bacterial strains. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that among the tested bee products of native origin, i.e. honey, propolis and pollen, propolis characterized by the highest antioxidant activity and the total content of phenolic compounds. In addition, all bee products showed bactericidal activity against the tested bacterial strains.

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DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Kaempferol

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1294 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 1294-1297 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ping Liu ◽

Yun Tao Gao ◽

Jiao Jiao Yu ◽

Jia Wei Cha ◽

Dong Mei Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Absorption Spectrum ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of kaempferol and DPPH was investigated, the optimum determination wavelength and reaction time for determining the DPPH radical scavenging activity of kaempferol was 517 nm and 30 min, respectively. Kaempferol exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with a IC50 value of 0.004349 mg·mL-1, which is smaller than that of rutin, indicating that kaempferol has a stronger antioxidant activity than rutin.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SOME GALACTOPOIETICS HERBS USED IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.14964 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ade Chandra Iwansyah ◽

Rizal M. Damanik ◽

Lilik Kustiyah ◽

Muhammad Hanafi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Phenolics Content

Objective: The objectives of this research were to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity; phenolics and flavonoids contents; and chemical composition of some galactopoietic herbs used in Indonesia and to find a possible relationship between antioxidant activity; phenolics, flavonoids and chemical composition of these plants.Methods: A wide range of analytical parameters was studied, including yield; pH; water activity (aw); total color difference; phenolics and flavonoids content; moisture; ash; protein; fat; carbohydrate; fiber; calcium; zinc; magnesium; potassium; iron content; and the data were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the correlation between the parameters and classification of the plants. Folin–cioceltaeu assay, aluminum chloride assay and DPPH scavenging assay were used to evaluate of total phenolics content and free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract of galactopoietic herbs.Results: All of the galactagogue herbs, viz. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) (PA), Sauropus androgynus (SA), Moringa oleifera (MO), and Carica papaya leaves (CP) exhibited good results of TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity. MO contained the highest average of total phenolics content (53.89 mg GAE/g). SA with a ratio of total flavonoids to total phenolics (TF/TP) which is 1.59 contained the highest average of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (IC50), 43.63 mg QE/g and 126.13 μg/ml, respectively, followed by MO>CA>PA. Based on PLS and PCA analysis, antioxidant activity correlated with fat, protein, phenolics content, flavonoids content and pH, but only the total flavonoids content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity.Conclusion: This provides useful data about the studied relationships and chemical patterns in some galactopoietic herbs used and provides a helpful tool for understanding much more about the interpretation of results from the experiments and the mechanism of biosynthesis in plants.

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Effects of solvent extraction system on antioxidant activity of Lamium purpureum L.

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind160518047g ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 361-370

Author(s):

Slavica Grujic ◽

Ana Dzamic ◽

Violeta Mitic ◽

Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic ◽

P.D. Marin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Scavenging Activity

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of aerial parts of Lamium purpureum L. was determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TRP assays. Contents of flavonoids and phenols were also investigated. The total phenolic content in the extracts, determined using Folin?Ciocalteu assay, ranged between 8.57 to 128.00 mg GAE/g d.e. while concentrations of flavonoids in the extracts varied from 24.20 to 39.80 mg QuE/g d.e. The highest phenolic content was found in methanol extract (128.00 mg GAE/g d.e.). The highest content of total flavonoids was identified in the methanol extract (39.80 mg QuE/g d.e.) and the lowest was in the chloroform (24.30 mg QuE/g d.e.). DPPH scavenging of the extracts was determined and obtained IC50 values ranged from 0.12 to 3.12 mg/mL of solution. The values of ABTS radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.35 to 1.80 mg AA/g. The highest ABTS antiradical activity was registered for methanol extract. The FRAP value was found within the range 0.08 to 1.04 ?mol Fe/mg. The best radical scavenger was methanol (1.04 ?mol Fe/mg). In reducing power assay different extracts of L. purpureum showed increasing of activity with increased concentration, and all extracts possessed substantial dose dependent antioxidant activity. The best reducing capacity was obtained with methanol extract of L. purpureum (0.0132 mg AA/mL). The results in this study confirmed that L. purpureum possesses moderate antioxidant properties.

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Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves extracts of Ehretia pubescens

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 6262-6267

Author(s):

Krishnamoorthy Meenakumari ◽

Giridharan Bupesh ◽

Mayur Mausoom Phukan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Reducing Power Assay

The foods from plants were known to ensure against degenerative diseases and maturing because of their antioxidant activitycredited to their high content. Information on antioxidant activity of Indian medicinal plant is abundant. To the best of our knowledge, biological properties have not been accounted in the literature for this species of . As a point, this is the first results to assess the anti-oxidant activity of the plant which belongs to the family . The antioxidant activity of Methanol, , Ethyl acetate and Aqueous extracts of E. was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay. The DPPH scavenging activity showed higher activity observed in extract (63%) of E. than (54%), (44%) and aqueous (30%). the ABTS assay inhibition in extract (58%) than (43%), (38%) and aqueous (32%) extracts. The reducing power assay of different extracts was increased in extract (54%) than (40%), (34%) and aqueous (28%) extracts. Overall, the and ethyl acetate extract had higher antioxidant properties than other extract. However, in this study, extracts exhibit great potential for antioxidant activity and may be useful for their nutritional and medicinal functions.

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