scholarly journals Regulation of host immune cells and cytokine production induced by Trichinella spiralis infection

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yining Song ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Xuelin Wang ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Meso Scale Discovery ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Th2 Immune Response

The nematode Trichinella spiralis can cause immunoregulation during the early phase of infection. However, previous studies are still insufficient for a full understanding of this phenomenon and its underlying mechanism. In this study, immune cells and cytokine profiles of T. spiralis infected mice were examined by Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and flow cytometry. The MSD results of the spleen showed that Th1 immunity was inhibited from 6 h to 6 days post-infection (dpi) and the level of Th2 immune response was significantly increased at 6 dpi. The mesenteric lymph node showed a Th1/Th2 mixed immune response from 3 dpi to 6 dpi with a downtrend of Th1 at 6 dpi. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of Th1 cells of T cells was decreased significantly at 6 h after infection, the proportion of Th2 cells was markedly increased, indicating that Th1 immunity was significantly inhibited at 6 h after infection, and a hybrid immune response based on Th2 type was presented from 30 h to 6 dpi. The immunoregulation effects observed during this study have provided a better understanding of the development of the immune response induced by Trichinella infection.

scholarly journals Intestinal Nematode Infection Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 5931-5937 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Khan ◽  
P. A. Blennerhasset ◽  
A. K. Varghese ◽  
S. K. Chowdhury ◽  
P. Omsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Th1 Cell ◽  
Intestinal Nematode

ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies suggest that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common in developed countries and rare in countries where intestinal nematode infections are common. T cells are critical in many immune responses, including those associated with IBD and nematode infection. Among the distinct T helper (Th) cell subsets, Th1-type immune response is predominantly associated with Crohn's disease, while many nematode infections generate a strong Th2 response. The reciprocal cross regulation between Th1 and Th2 cells suggests that generation of a Th2 response by nematodes could prevent or reduce the effects of Th1-mediated diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of polarizing the immune response toward the Th2 type, using intestinal nematode infection, on subsequent experimental colitis. Mice were infected with the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis and allowed to recover before colitis was induced with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. The mice were sacrificed postcolitis to assess colonic damage macroscopically, histologically, and by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and Th cytokines. Prior nematode infection reduced the severity of colitis both macroscopically and histologically together with a decreased mortality and was correlated with a down-regulation of MPO activity, Th1-type cytokine expression in colonic tissue, and emergence of a Th2-type immune response. These results indicate a protective role of nematode infection in Th1 cell-driven inflammation and prompt consideration of a novel therapeutic strategy in IBD based on immunological distraction.

scholarly journals Flow cytometry analysis of the subpopulations of mouse keratinocytes and skin immune cells

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101052
Author(s):  
Keiko Sakamoto ◽  
Shubham Goel ◽  
Atsuko Funakoshi ◽  
Tetsuya Honda ◽  
Keisuke Nagao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Mouse Keratinocytes

scholarly journals The effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Ncc533 (La1) on the balance of Th1/Th2 cells in BALB/c mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Yang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Ruopeng Sun ◽  
Baomin Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Ifn Γ

Purpose: To determine the effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Ncc533 (La1) on Th1/Th2 balance, the production of IL-4 and IFN-γ by splenocytes was evaluated following its administration to mice from newborn to adult. Changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ expression and serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE were then investigated in an asthma model. Methods: Using flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA, the percentage of IL-4 and IFN-γ expressing splenocytes and serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE were measured in different groups of mice. Results: The percentages of IL-4 and IFN-γ expressing splenocytes in the offspring and in the adults of the La1-treated group were not significantly different when compared with the water-treated group. In the asthma model, the percentages of IL-4 expressing cells and the serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE in the La1-treated and water-treated group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group. The percentage of IFN-γ expressing cells was significantly lower in the La1-treated and water-treated groups. The percentage of IL-4 expressing cells and the serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE in the La1-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the water-treated group, whereas the percentage of IFN-γ expressing cells was significantly higher. Conclusion: Administration of La1 had no effect on the immune system from the neonate to the adult in the normal mice. It did, however, significantly alter the percentages of IL-4 or IFN-γ expressing CD4+ T lymphocytes in the asthma model, suggesting that administration of La1 might regulate the immune response.

Abstract 715: Flow cytometry analysis of immune response to COVID-19 vaccine candidates using anin vitrostimulation model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshan Shi ◽  
Scott J. Bornheimer ◽  
Suraj Saksena ◽  
Stephanie Widmann ◽  
Aaron Tyznik
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Candidates

scholarly journals Protective Mucosal Th2 Immune Response against Toxoplasma gondii by Murine Mesenteric Lymph Node Dendritic Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5254-5265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Dimier-Poisson ◽  
Fleur Aline ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Mévélec ◽  
Céline Beauvillain ◽  
Dominique Buzoni-Gatel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Th2 Immune Response

ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite pathogen which initially invades the intestinal epithelium before disseminating throughout the body, may cause severe sequelae in fetuses and life-threatening neuropathy in immunocompromised patients. Immune protection is usually thought to be performed through a systemic Th1 response; considering the route of parasite entry it is important to study and characterize the local mucosal immune response to T. gondii. Despite considerable effort, Toxoplasma-targeted vaccines have proven to be elusive using conventional strategies. We report the use of mesenteric lymph node dendritic cells (MLNDCs) pulsed ex vivo with T. gondii antigens (TAg) as a novel investigation approach to vaccination against T. gondii-driven pathogenic processes. Using a murine model, we demonstrate in two genetically distinct mouse strains (C57BL/6 and CBA/J) that adoptively transferred TAg-pulsed MLNDCs elicit a mucosal Toxoplasma-specific Th2-biased immune response in vivo and confer strong protection against infection. We also observe that MLNDCs mostly traffic to the intestine where they enhance resistance by reduction in the mortality and in the number of brain cysts. Thus, ex vivo TAg-pulsed MLNDCs represent a powerful tool for the study of protective immunity to T. gondii, delivered through its natural route of entry. These findings might impact the design of vaccine strategies against other invasive microorganisms known to be delivered through digestive tract.

Immune response profiles in vaccinated and non-vaccinated high- and low-responder mice during infection with the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Robinson ◽  
T. Bellaby ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Genetically Determined

NIH and C57 BL/10 (BIO) mice show genetically determined differences in their response to Trichinella spiralis infection. This study examines the influence of these on parameters of the immune response to infection after vaccination using muscle-larval excretory–secretory antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant. Serum antibody levels were greatly elevated when mice of both strains were vaccinated prior to infection; however, NIH produced significantly higher-level antibody responses than B10. Vaccination accelerated and increased the capacity of mesenteric lymph node T-cells to proliferate in vitro in response to specific antigen stimulation in both mouse strains but, in general, the stimulation indices of NIH cells were higher than those of the B10. The capacity of mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) and spleen cells (SC) to produce IL-5 and γIFN was measured after specific in vitro stimulation and early γIFN secretion was noted in the supernatants of NIH MLNC and SC, but not in B10 SC. Concentrations of IL-S rose steadily over the first 10–14 days after infection in cell cultures from both strains. Prior vaccination of these animals appeared to enhance cytokine levels. It is postulated that the efficacy of vaccination in NIH mice is a consequence of their genetically determined capacity to produce early and high-level responses to the antigens of T. spiralis and to express these in intestinal effector mechanisms.

scholarly journals Characterization of CD4-Positive Lymphocytes in the Antiviral Response of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys oliveceus) to Nervous Necrosis Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4180
Author(s):  
Jae Wook Jung ◽  
Jin Hong Chun ◽  
Jung Seok Lee ◽  
Si Won Kim ◽  
Ae Rin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Color Flow

The presence of CD4 T lymphocytes has been described for several teleost species, while many of the main T cell subsets have not been characterized at a cellular level, because of a lack of suitable tools for their identification, e.g., monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cell markers. We previously described the tissue distribution and immune response related to CD3ε and CD4-1 T cells in olive flounder (Paralichthys oliveceus) in response to a viral infection. In the present study, we successfully produce an mAb against CD4-2 T lymphocytes from olive flounder and confirmed its specificity using immuno-blotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using these mAbs, we were able to demonstrate that the CD3ε T cell populations contain both types of CD4+ cells, with the majority of the CD4 T cell subpopulations being CD4-1+/CD4-2+ cells, determined using two-color flow cytometry analysis. We also examined the functional activity of the CD4-1 and CD4-2 cells in vivo in response to a viral infection, with the numbers of both types of CD4 T cells increasing significantly during the virus infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CD4 T lymphocytes in olive flounder are equivalent to the helper T cells in mammals in terms of their properties and function, and it is the CD4-2 T lymphocytes rather than the CD4-1 T cells that play an important role in the Th1 immune response against viral infections in olive flounder.

Resiniferatoxin promotes adult worms expulsion in Trichinella spiralis ‐infected rats by Th2 immune response modulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Muñoz‐Carrillo ◽  
Oscar Gutiérrez‐Coronado ◽  
José Jesús Muñoz‐Escobedo ◽  
Juan Francisco Contreras‐Cordero ◽  
Claudia Maldonado‐Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Immune Response Modulation

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Revealed by Immune Cell Landscape in Pre-metastatic Liver of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqiang Zeng ◽  
Miaohong Wang ◽  
Jiani Wu ◽  
Siheng Lin ◽  
Zilan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Metastatic Niche ◽  
Metastatic Liver

Background: Colorectal cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality, is prone to metastasis, especially to the liver. The pre-metastatic microenvironment comprising various resident stromal cells and immune cells is essential for metastasis. However, how the dynamic evolution of immune components facilitates pre-metastatic niche formation remains unclear.Methods: Utilizing RNA-seq data from our orthotopic colorectal cancer mouse model, we applied single sample gene set enrichment analysis and Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts to investigate the tumor microenvironment landscape of pre-metastatic liver, and define the exact role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) acting in the regulation of infiltrating immune cells and gene pathways activation. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to quantify the MDSCs levels in human and mice samples.Results: In the current work, based on the high-throughput transcriptome data, we depicted the immune cell infiltration pattern of pre-metastatic liver and highlighted MDSCs as the dominant altered cell type. Notably, flow cytometry analysis showed that high frequencies of MDSCs, was detected in the pre-metastatic liver of orthotopic colorectal cancer tumor-bearing mice, and in the peripheral blood of patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer. MDSCs accumulation in the liver drove immunosuppressive factors secretion and immune checkpoint score upregulation, consequently shaping the pre-metastatic niche with sustained immune suppression. Metabolic reprogramming such as upregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and HIF-1 signaling pathways in the primary tumor was also demonstrated to correlate with MDSCs infiltration in the pre-metastatic liver. Some chemokines were identified as a potential mechanism for MDSCs recruitment.Conclusion: Collectively, our study elucidates the alterations of MDSCs during pre-metastatic niche transformation, and illuminates the latent biological mechanism by which primary tumors impact MDSC aggregation in the targeted liver.

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