scholarly journals Development of Supplements Prevention System in Oxygen Converter Process in Order to Increase the Economic Efficiency of Steel Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Evhen Chuprinov ◽  
Vitalij Lyalyuk ◽  
Hanna Andrushchenko ◽  
Daria Kassim ◽  
Natalia Rad’ko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Converter ◽  
Converter Shop ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Steel Melting ◽  
Steel Smelting ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Different Types

The article analyzes the work of the oxygen-converter shop of PJSC «ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih». It is shown that almost half of the total number of blowing supplements (~ 44%) is carried out by temperature. In order to improve the conditions of steel smelting and reduce resource costs, calculations were performed and new technological solutions were found in steel smelting to reduce the number of additives. The study of real smelters demonstrated the need for corrective operations in the smelting of steel using scrap metal of different types. Scrap smelts have a clear relationship between the amount of scrap in the charge and the temperature of the melt in the first dump. The addition of «goat» scrap to the charge has a number of uncontrolled effects on the process due to significant fluctuations in the chemical composition of this type of metal charge. An economic analysis with introducing the developed control mechanism over the course of steel smelting into the software system for conditions PSJC «ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih» was performed.

scholarly journals MODELING THE MELTING OF SCRAP METAL OF DIFFERENT DENSITY IN A BOF SMELTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (37) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
E. Sigarev ◽  
Y. Lobanov ◽  
S. Semiryagin ◽  
A. Pohvalitiy
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Converter ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Metal Charge

The results of mathematical modeling process of melting scrap metal in the bath of an oxygen converter are presented. The influence relative amount of scrap metal in the charge of oxygen-converter smelting and its density on dynamics bath temperature during melting, slag oxidation and liquid metal yield was studied. It is shown that due to change in the shape of scrap metal during its melting, the classical approach to determining the reactive surface area of ​​the latter needs to be clarified.Mathematical descriptions of scrap metal melting in converter smelting by linear dependence and using fourth degree polynomials, which take into account the influence of initial and current carbon concentration in the bath, are offered. The influence of density and fraction of scrap metal, which is a part of metal charge, on duration of its melting in bath of oxygen converter, content iron oxides in slag, temperature mode process and yield liquid metal is investigated. It is shown that increasing mass of scrap metal in the metal charge to 40%, in the absence of its preheating, significantly changes the appearance both the oxidation curves of carbon and the dynamics of the bath temperature in the initial period melting.The latter may be due to the preservation active surface area of ​​scrap metal as its mass changes. Additional heat consumption for melting an increased amount preheated («cold») scrap metal leads to a decrease in the temperature of the liquid bath, which confirms the feasibility using the technology melting with preheating an increased amount of scrap.It is shown that from the point of view ensuring the rational course of converter smelting it is expedient to use equal shares heavy and lightweight scrap metal, regardless of the share latter in the metal charge. In the case using, under the considered conditions, «cold» scrap metal, the maximization yield of liquid metal is provided at the amount scrap up to 22% of the total mass metal charge.

Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1258
Author(s):  
V. A. Spirin ◽  
V. E. Nikol’skii ◽  
D. V. Vokhmintsev ◽  
A. A. Moiseev ◽  
P. G. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Scrap Heating ◽  
Winter Time

At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

The Chemical Decontamination Process Intensification, using Ultrasounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Pantru ◽  
Gheorghit Jinescu ◽  
Rozalia R�dulescu ◽  
Antoneta Filcenco Olteanu ◽  
Cosmin Jinescu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Solution ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Chemical Decontamination ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrasound Field ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors

This paper presents an intensive procedure used for the decontamination of the soils, which were radioactively contaminated by uranium, due to the occurrence of some antropic accidents, in order to limit the area�s pollution. The procedure used for the chemical decontamination of the polluted soils was the washing one and the decontamination degree is comparatively presented depending on the ultrasounds� presence and absence. The lab testes were performed on five types of soils , which were characterized from the granulometric, structural and chemical composition viewpoint, all these aspects represent the main factors, which determine the applied decontamination procedure�s limits and performances correlated with its utilization costs. The decontamination procedure�s kinetics for each type of soils was analyzed, using successively three different types of reagents (water, 0.1 M sulphuric acid solution and chloro-sodic solution � 100 g/L sodium chloride + 10 g/L sodium carbonate in water) for a solid to liquid ratio of 1:2, during 2 h, at a temperature of 20oC in a mechanic stirring system respectively in ultrasounds field. It was observed that the decontamination degree increases with up to 15-20% in case of the ultrasound field utilization comparing to the first case.

Modeling & Simulation of Speed Control Mechanism for Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
Amartya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Harmful Emission ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Time Graph ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Day By Day

Due to increasing growth in urbanization and internet the way of lifestyle has been changing day by day. In order to ensure that harmful emission are monitored and can be controlled the acceptance of electric vehicles has been increased. In this paper we deal with control mechanism of different types of motors used in EVs mainly DC, IM, BLDC and PMSM motors. The paper contains proper MATLAB modelling and speed vs time graph so as to achieve a proper understanding regarding aspects of speed control and problems related to it.

scholarly journals The laboratory tests of hybrid layers combining hardfacing and nitriding dedicated to increase the durability of forging tools in hot forging processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Widomski ◽  
Zbigniew Gronostajski ◽  
Marcin Kaszuba ◽  
Jagoda Kowalska ◽  
Mariusz Pawełczyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hybrid Layers

In response to the growing need to use wear-resistant layers that increase durability of tools in forging pro-cesses, hybrid layers have been proposed that combine hardfacing with nitriding treatment. This article presents the results of laboratory tests of surface wear-resistant layers made with a new hybrid technology Gas-Shielded Metal Arc surfacing (hardfacing) with ZeroFlow gas nitriding. Specimens made with hardfacing or nitriding were prepared and examined. Analysis covered the thorough microstructure study, EDX chemical composition analysis and microhardness analysis. In experiment, 3 different types of nitrided layers were proposed for alpha, gamma prim and epsilon nitrides in the surface layer. The results of metallographic research in the surface layer was presented. The analysis of chemical composition in the particular overlay welds was performed to determine the content of alloying elements in the particular overlay welds. The susceptibility to nitriding of used weld materials as well as the ability to form particular types of nitrides on selected welded substrates was also tested.

scholarly journals The sensory acceptability of a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) mechanically separated meat-based spread

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela De Grandi Castro Freitas ◽  
Alda Letícia da Silva Santos Resende ◽  
Angela Aparecida Lemos Furtado ◽  
Luana Tashima ◽  
Henrique Muniz Bechara
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Sensory Acceptability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Mechanically Separated Meat ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Mechanically Separated Meat (MSM) is an alternative for the diversification of new fish-based products and also as a solution for the use of waste from the filleting industries. Tilapia MSM was used in this study for the formulation of a fish spread aimed at investigating its acceptability by consumers. Two spread formulations were prepared with different types of commercial salt: seasoned salt (A) and common salt (B). The consumers (112) evaluated their acceptance with respect to overall impression, spreadability, appearance and flavour acceptability on a 9-point hedonic scale. A microbiological analysis of the Tilapia MSM was also carried out and the chemical composition of the Tilapia MSM-based spread determined. When considering the acceptance of all the consumers, the overall impression, appearance and flavour were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the spread made with common salt (B). However, three different consumer segments could be found from the overall impression of the Tilapia MSM-based spread. The largest segment also preferred the spread made with the seasoned salt (A), but both products were well accepted. The tilapia MSM presented adequate quality as a raw material according to the technical regulations for microbiological standards. The final product presented the following chemical composition: moisture - 62.17%; ash - 2.11%; protein - 9.75% and lipid - 18.81%. These results could be of great importance for the industry in developing and marketing new products obtained from mechanically separated Tilapia meat.

Dependence of Silicon and Manganese Content in the Weld Metal on the Welding Current and Method of Gas Shielding

2015 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Chinakhov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Mag Welding ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Electrode Metal

The influence of the welding current and method of gas shielding in MAG welding on the content of silicon and manganese is considered. Results of study of the welded specimens of steels 45 and 30HGSA when applying welding wire of different formulas and different types of gas shielding (traditional shielding and two-jet shielding) are given. It is established that in MAG welding the value of the welding current and the speed of the gas flow from the welding nozzle have a considerable impact on the chemical composition of the weld metal. The consumable electrode welding under double-jet gas shielding provides the directed gas-dynamics in the welding area and enables controlling the electrode metal transfer and the chemical composition of a weld.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document