scholarly journals The influence of the culture of society on the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures of the state

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Larisa Aleksandrovna Popova ◽  
Petr Leonidovich Surikhin
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Median Position ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to analyze the impact of different types of national cultures on the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures implemented by the states, expressed in the change in the Corruption Perceptions Index for the period from 2016 to 2020. The methodological basis was such scientific methods as dialectical, logical, prognostic, and systems analysis. The methods of statistics were also used to achieve the research objectives. The study attempts to analyze the relationship between the cultural area of the country and its place in the international rating, compiled annually based on the results of the research conducted by the international organization Transparency International. The result of the study was the conclusion regarding the predominance of the countries of the Western European cultural area in the leaders of the rating as the countries with the lowest corruption perceptions index, the countries of the African cultural area as the countries predominating in the composition of the states with the highest corruption perceptions index and proportional representation of the countries of the Eastern European, South Asian and Latin American cultural area in the median values of the rating. The novelty of the work lies in the division of the countries existing in the modern world into eight cultural areas based on the value attitudes, traditions, and beliefs formed in them, which enabled to analyze the representation of countries of a particular area in a certain group of ratings – the countries with a low corruption perceptions index, the countries – with a high corruption perceptions index and the countries, in the corresponding analyzed period, occupying the median position in the rating.

Improving Assessments of Another Auditor's Competence

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Harding ◽  
Ken T. Trotman
Keyword(s):  
Group Feedback ◽  
Potential Intervention ◽  
Outcome Feedback ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Audit Effectiveness

SUMMARY: Auditing standards require auditors to assess the competence of their colleagues. However, previous studies have shown that auditors' assessments of their colleagues' competence are inaccurate and overconfident, potentially leading to a reduction in audit effectiveness. In two related studies, we investigate both the process by which these assessments are made and a potential intervention aimed at improving these judgments. In study 1, we investigate the anchors used by senior auditors in assessing the competence of their subordinates and peers, and find that the anchors vary depending on the familiarity of the audit senior with their colleague. These findings inform study 2, which investigates the impact of different types of outcome feedback on auditors' assessments of another auditor's competence. We find that the effects of individual-specific feedback and average-group feedback will be contingent on the nature of the relationship between the assessor and assessee. Specifically, individual-specific outcome feedback is effective in reducing overconfidence when assessing the competence of a colleague with whom the assessor has previously worked, but not an unfamiliar colleague. When assessing the competence of an unfamiliar colleague, we find that average-group outcome feedback is effective in reducing overconfidence. Our results complement and extend earlier theory by showing that individuals, in assessing a colleague's competence, use anchors in addition to the competence of the assessor.

scholarly journals Research on Mediating Mechanisms and the Impact on Food Provision Services in Poor Areas from the Perspective of Stakeholders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10510
Author(s):  
Tianwei Geng ◽  
Hai Chen ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Qinqin Shi ◽  
Hang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
The Common ◽  
Food Provision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring and analyzing the common demands and behavioral responses of different stakeholders is important for revealing the mediating mechanisms of ecosystem service (ES) and realizing the management and sustainable supply of ES. This study took Mizhi County, a poverty-stricken area on the Loess Plateau in China, as an example. First, the main stakeholders, common demands, and behavioral responses in the food provision services were identified. Second, the relationship among stakeholders was analyzed. Finally, this study summarized three types of mediating mechanisms of food provision services and analyzed the influence of the different types of mediating mechanisms. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Five main stakeholders in the study area were identified: government, farmers, enterprises, cooperatives, and middlemen. (2) Increasing farmers’ income is the common demand of most stakeholders in the study area, and this common demand has different effects on the behavioral responses of different stakeholders. (3) There are three types of mediating mechanisms in the study area: government + farmers mediating corn and mutton, government + enterprises mediating millet, and government + cooperatives mediating apples. On this basis, the effects of the different types of mediating mechanisms on variations in food yield, and trade-offs and synergies in typical townships, were analyzed.

scholarly journals State sovereignty and dialectics of its evolution in the modern context

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Nataliia Zhukovskaya ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Current Context ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Impact

This article reviews the prerequisites, content and consequences of the impact of global processes on the sovereignty of modern states. The object of this research is the international legal relations and their peculiarities in the current context. The subject is the conditions and forms of restriction of sovereignty of national states, as well as contributing factors. Special attention is given to representations on the “fate” of sovereign rights and variants of their transformation reflected in the scientific literature, as well as change in the vector of development of globalization processes under the influence of strategy of the countries that act in accordance with their sovereign rights and national interests. The main method of “diluting” the state sovereignty are viewed based on the general scientific methods − induction and deduction, analysis, generalization, abstraction, modeling; sectoral methods of studying global processes: political scientific, statistical, formal-legal, specific-historical, and comparative. The research relies on the dialectical approach towards analyzing the concept of state sovereignty. The following conclusions were made: 1) modern world marks to multidirectional trends that testify to the transformation of state sovereignty, narrowing of its separate spheres in the conditions of globalization, or on the other hand, change in the vector of development of the global processes; 2) there is virtually no formal legal equality of the countries set by the leading norms of international law and underlying sovereignty; however, the national states continue demonstrating the resistance to global challenges; at the same time, the most “impregnable” for leveling sovereign rights is not the economy or politics, but cultural-historical values (the sphere of humanities); 3) in the conditions of globalization, the prospect of losing sovereignty depends on the degree of resistance to external challenges demonstrated by a particular state.

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rational Decisions

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles educates readers about energy and the environment and the relationship between the energy we use and the environment. The world is at a point in time when people need to make very important decisions about energy in the next few decades. This book enables readers to utilize our scientific knowledge to make good rational decisions. Energy Efficiency of Vehicles provides information on: Calculations related to energy, power, and efficiency, and the impact of using different types of energy on the environment. Environmental consequences of consuming energy. Models related to impact of city driving on the energy efficiency and fuel economy of cars and trucks.

ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS AND ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PRODUCTION FACTORS ON THE MAIN INDICATORS AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
N. M. CHAPAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article assesses the relationship and dependence between the main economic indicators of agricultural enterprises of the Ministry of agriculture of the Republic of Moldova for different years, models of production functions of different types are constructed. The parameters and characteristics for two-factor models expressing the dependence of agricultural production on the number of people employed in agriculture are given.

scholarly journals Effects of Spur Dikes on Water Flow Diversity and Fish Aggregation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Tingjie Huang ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Huaixiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spur Dike ◽  
Rock Fill ◽  
Aggregation Rate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spur Dikes ◽  
Fish Aggregation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

As a typical waterway modification, the spur dike narrows the water cross section, which increases the flow velocity and flushes the riverbed. Meanwhile, it also protects ecological diversity and improves river habitat. Different types of spur dikes could greatly impact the interaction between flow structure and local geomorphology, which in turn affects the evolution of river aquatic habitats. Four different types of spur dikes—including rock-fill, permeable, w-shaped rock-fill, and w-shaped permeable—were evaluated using flume experiments for spur dike hydrodynamics and fish aggregation effects. Based on Shannon’s entropy, an index for calculating water flow diversity is proposed. Additionally, the impact of the different spur dikes on water flow diversity and the relationship between water flow diversity and fish aggregation effects were studied. The water flow diversity index around the spur dike varied from 1.13 to 2.96. The average aggregation rate of test fish around the spur dike was 5% to 28%, and the attraction effect increased with increasing water flow diversity. Furthermore, we plotted the relationship between water flow diversity index and average fish aggregation rate. A fish hydroacoustic study conducted on the Laohutan fish-bone dike in the Dongliu reach of downstream Yangtze River showed that the fish aggregation effect of the permeable spur dike was greater than the rock-fill spur dike. These research results could provide theoretical support for habitat heterogeneity research and ecologically optimal design of spur dikes.

scholarly journals Sustainable Public Procurement: The Impact of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity on the Implementation of Different Types of Sustainable Public Procurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Grandia ◽  
Dylan Voncken
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Green Public Procurement ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Social

Public organisations develop sustainable public procurement (SPP) policies to compel suppliers to contribute to societal goals. Studies show that the ability, motivation, and opportunity that procurers have to procure in a sustainable manner affect the uptake of SPP. Most studies into SPP examine these factors only in the context of one type of SPP (e.g., green procurement). The goal of this paper is therefore to examine the relationship between ability, motivation, and opportunity and six types of SPP: (1) green public procurement, (2) social return on investment, (3) circular economy, (4) bio-based public procurement, (5) innovation-oriented public procurement and (6) international social criteria. An online survey was administered amongst procurers working in Dutch public organisations. The research shows that ability, motivation, and opportunity affect Green Public Procurement (GPP). Opportunity did affect green public procurement, innovation-oriented public procurement and circular economy, but not the other types of SPP. We were unable to identify an antecedent of more social types of SPP in this research. This research shows that findings based on GPP cannot be directly generalized to other types of SPP, and that there is a need for research into the antecedents of social types of SPP.

Language contact, language loyalty, and language prejudice on the Mexican border

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Ethnic Studies ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Hispanic Linguistics ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper documents attitudes toward English, Spanish, and Spanish-English Code-switching in Juarez, Mexico, the oldest and largest city along the Mexican–U.S. border. It refutes the finding of related work which has shown two distinct orientations – integrative and instrumental – toward English as a foreign and as a second language, but supports various assumptions regarding the relationship between attitudes and use and the impact of the local milieu on language attitudes. It also explores attitudes toward correctness and sentiments of language loyalty, and highlights the influence of language loyalty on perceptions of Spanish-English Code-switching. Eighty-five Juarez residents were interviewed. (Language attitudes, so-ciolinguistics, Hispanic linguistics, border studies, ethnic studies, Latin American studies)

scholarly journals The Relationship between Soil Moisture and LAI in Different Types of Soil in Central Eastern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2733-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Renhe Zhang ◽  
Zhiyan Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract As important parameters in the land–atmosphere system, both soil moisture (SM) and vegetation play a significant role in land–atmosphere interactions. Using observational data from clay and sand stations over central eastern China, the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and SM (LAI–SM) in different types of soil was investigated. The results show that the LAI–SM correlation is significantly positive in clay but not significant in sand. The physical causes for the discrepant LAI–SM correlations in different types of soil were explored from the perspectives of evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water retention. In clay stations, increasing LAI is associated with greater soil-water-retention capacity. Although the increasing LAI corresponds to increasing ET, the impact of ET on SM is weak because of the small particle size of soil. Consequently, the LAI–SM relationship in clay is significantly positive. In sand stations, ET is negatively correlated with SM owing to the large soil particle size, resulting in a negative LAI–SM correlation in sand. However, soil water retention is weakened by the increased LAI, which may be an important factor causing the insignificant LAI–SM correlation in sand.

scholarly journals Impacto del gobierno corporativo en el valor de las empresas latinoamericanas: evidencia desde el MILA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (26) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Sandra Milena Torres-Cano ◽  
Diego Andrés Correa-Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Panel Data Model ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Corporate Governance is a mechanism that seeks to strengthen the control bodies and their efforts, by combining principles and techniques to invigorate the value of companies and generate confidence in investors and all Stakeholders. This research seeks to analyze the impact of corporate governance on the values of companies that belong to the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA). The financial statements of the 97 companies from the years 2012 to 2018 were analyzed using a statistical panel data model to establish the relationship between the corporate governance variables and the financial performance variables. Lastly, it is concluded that non-economic mechanisms such as the implementation of adequate control policies positively influence the value of companies and generate support for investors.

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