scholarly journals Inclusive Growth and International Labour Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Sergey Chepel ◽  
Evgenia Tukhtarova ◽  
Natalia Neklyudova

This contribution presents the results of an econometric analysis of the interconnections between migration, economic diversification, the quality of state institutions and other qualitative characteristics of economic growth that have developed in developing countries of the world over the past two decades. The study highlighted the most important factors that contribute to the creation of conditions and prerequisites for the inclusive development of the economy. The analysis showed that among other factors, the most important are the quality of state institutions, technological development, which creates the conditions for investing in human capital. The study also made it possible to determine thresholds for these factors as guidelines for the transition of the CIS countries to the inclusive development of their economies and to limit disordered labour migration. Another important result of the study is the fact that large-scale and poorly controlled migration is acting like a brake on the sustainable development of the whole post-Soviet space. To overcome this process, it is necessary to create large-scale joint integration, knowledge-based and technological projects that will not only reduce the scale of migration to Russia, but also contribute to increasing human capital in the CIS countries and to the creation of knowledge-based jobs in their labour markets.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
E. K. Tukhtarova

Purpose of research. To offer theoretical and methodological tools for assessing the contribution of external labour migration to inclusive development.Methods. The study used methods of statistical, econometric analysis, comparative analysis, graphical method of analysis, as well as General theoretical method of analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources. The main information sources for the study were the data of the official website of the Federal state statistics service, as well as the data of the Unified interdepartmental information and statistical system.Results. The main results of the study are as follows: – Development of a theoretical two-circuit model of migration flow regulation with an emphasis on attracting qualified personnel to the industry. – Econometric results recorded the feedback of migration with economic growth and indicators of inclusive development – manufacturing, high-tech products and innovative exports in the Russian regions. – Results were also obtained, indicating a weak regulation of migration processes in the Russian regions, the effectiveness of which is fixed at the level of 25% out of 100%. – For the inclusive development of the Russian regions, thresholds were obtained for: attracting qualified personnel to the manufacturing industry up to 32% of the total number of workers in the field, the regulation of migration and economic processes by state institutions should be in the area of responsibility at 75% against 25%, the HDI in the regions should be at the level of 93% of 100%. – Threshold values are allowed to form and to work out the forecast of development for the Sverdlovsk region for the perspective till 2025Conclusion. In General, according to the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to change the course from attracting low-skilled migrants to qualified ones, to strengthen the role of state institutions to regulate migration processes, as well as to increase the level of human capital in Russia. For further economic development, qualitative changes in human capital, industrial development, diversification of the national economy and the development of the country’s scientific and technological potential are needed.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas

The new theoretical approach of the processes of creating knowledge based society and the knowledge economy, as well as sustainable development processes is described in the article. The main idea is that the creation and development processes of the knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy may be attributed to the category of global transformation and sustainable development processes, therefore, all general phenomena and characteristics of global transformations and sustainable development in general, are absolutely typical for the creation and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy. The processes of the creating of knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are analyzed in the general context of the processes of sustainable development. The main principles of creating the knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are described. Creating and modernization of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy are very complicated processes, oriented to the formation of the new quality of society and qualitatively new lifestyle, these processes may be described as “twice” as complicated, because they win distinction by orientations to the pursuit of new quality in two aspects: the knowledge based society and knowledge economy, compared to “traditional” society and economy, are in all cases described as qualitatively new, creating and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy takes place under the conditions of the global changes, which means that qualitative changes take place in all global space, the essence of those changes is the creation and spread of the knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy. A special attention is given to the conclusion that in the environment of the knowledge based society creation and generating knowledge economy and development, the provisions for sustainable development should be attained. The processes of creating knowledge based society and knowledge economy and further development should be analyzed and assessed in the context of processes of globalization and internationalization, as well as processes of global transformations. The “Power” concept intended for the scientific cognition of sustainable development and knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation processes phenomena is analyzed. Santrauka Straipsnyje išdėstomas naujas teorinis požiūris į darnios plėtros ir į žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės bei žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesus. Pagrindine ideja, išreiškianti šio teorinio požiūrio esmė, yra ta, kad darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesai suvoktini ir nagrinėtini kaip sudarantys bendra visuma. Žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimas traktuojamas kaip pagrindinė prielaida realiai įgyvendinti darnios plėtros nuostatas, o darni plėtra vertinama kaip išskirtinis žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesams būdingas požymis. Šiuolaikinėmis globalizacijos bei socialinės, ekonominės raidos ir mokslo bei technologijų pažangos internacionalizavimo salygomis išryškėja daug naujų aplinkybių ir reiškinių, kurių poveikis ir vaidmuo mažai atsispindi daugelyje tradiciniu požiūrių, skirtų tiek darniai plėtrai, tiek žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesams. Padaryta išvada, kad tradiciniai darnios plėtros bei jos problemų, žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo logikos bei tendencijų suvokimai vis labiau neatitinka šiuolaikiniu poreikių ir iššūkių ir reikalingi esminių papildymų bei patikslinimų. Šiuolaikiniai požiūriai į darnią plėtrą bei į žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimą turėtų kur kas geriau perteikti šiuo metu pasaulyje vykstančių naujo tipo transformacijų procesų vaidmenį ir įtaką, visų pirmą tų transformacijų, kurios išreiškia žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės vertybių ir idealų pasklidima globaliu mastu. Būtent tokios visuomenės kūrimasis ir šios visuomenės vertybių ir idealų pasklidimas globalizacijos aplinkoje sukelia naujų transformacijų šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje bei jos gyvenime, sudaro prielaidas suvokti būtinybę naujai reaguoti į darnios plėtros poreikius bei spręsti naujas problemas. Straipsnyje detaliai apibūdinta vadinamoji galios koncepcija, kuria remiantis siūloma kompleksiškai nagrinėti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesus, spręsti daugeli tokių procesų valdymo klausimu. Galios koncepcijos taikymas leidžia modeliuoti stambiose sistemose vykstančius socialines, ekonomines, politines raidos, mokslo ir technologijų pažangos reiškinius bei procesus, identifikuoti ir vertinti atitinkamų procesų suderinamumą, vienų procesų poveikius kitiems procesams, identifikuoti įvairias disproporcijas, išryškejančias netolygiu pokyčių sąlygomis. Visa tai leidžia diagnozuoti pasireiškusias ar galinčias pasireikšti darnios plėtros žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo problemas ir numatyti priemones, skirtas šioms problemoms spręsti. Straipsnyje atskleisti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo procesų kaip visumos principai, kompleksiškai išnagrinėti darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo dėsningumai. Prioritetinis dėmesys skiriamas integracijos ir sintezės kaip jungimosi procesų logikai atskleisti. Išdestytas teorinis požiūris gali būti gana plačiai taikomas nagrinejant įvairius darnios plėtros bei žiniomis grindžiamos visuomenės ir žinių ekonomikos kūrimo reiškinius.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiba Rivza ◽  
◽  
Karlis Markus ◽  
Maiga Kruzmetra ◽  
◽  
...  

Every capable, creative person must be able to create and prove his ideas in every region of Latvia. Development of creativity of the population will increase human capital, which determines the quality of life of the country's population in general, but mainly in the regions. Promoting the development of human capital requires cooperation between the population and educational institutions, the implementation of which presupposes the digitalization of information exchange, the introduction of information platforms, the sharing of knowledge and the recognition of ideas. By developing the creativity of the population, it is possible to promote the advantages of each region, which in Zemgale would be associated mainly with the development of bioeconomy and eco-products and services. One of the tools to promote creativity would be the creation of regional university business incubators, which would encourage the involvement of creative people in the creation of eco-products and services.


Author(s):  
Borisas Melnikas

This theoretical article is intended to the needs and problems of the creation and further development of the so-called elitist studies in the field of management and economics. Main attention is focused on the essence and key principles and priorities of the creation, further development and modernization of elitist studies in general, as well as of the elitist studies in the field of management and economics. It is shown that the creation, further development and modernization of the elitist studies and their systems is an essential precondition for the purposeful development of the intellectual potential in all areas of social and economic life, in all spheres of social, economic and technological development, including in the field of management and economic activities. The role and importance of the elitist studies in the field of management and economics in the context of contemporary challenges of globalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation, intensification of scientific and technological progress, as well as in accordance with the contemporary needs to radically improve managerial activities and to develop and modernize the intellectual potential of specialists in management and economics, is highlighted. Factors and priorities of the creation and further development of the elitist studies in the field of management and economics are described in details.


Author(s):  
IURII IAKOVENKO

The essay presents the author's subjective perception of a number of state institutions’ activities regarding their implementation of the directives of the Decree of the President of Ukraine «On the Development of Sociological Science» dated 25.04.2001 for twenty years from the date of its publication. The author's subjective point of view, in particular, is a consequence of the fact that he was a member of the working group on the development of this decree, and the beginning of the 21st century was a time when the Ukrainian society, state, political, public figures, scientists were expecting the decisive development of various spheres of life. However, in fact, these expectations met with latent resistance from shadow structures, the essence of which was to avoid publicly disclosing their intentions through science and education. So, because of the Ministry of Education and Science order No. 642 of July 9, 2009 «On the organization of the study of humanitarian disciplines at the free choice of the student», the active part of youth, namely students was given a very narrowed way of social development understanding; primarily it have happened in technical universities, where the members of executive branch of the power will have been taught en masse. It is when the financial interests are embodied through the implementation of large-scale technical and economic projects, for example, the construction of highways, and not the protection of public health. However, in the leading universities, where sociologists have been taught, the initiative of teachers to show their will to improve the quality of the students’ preparing and evaluation does not subside.


2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
D.C. Stieren ◽  
G. Caskey ◽  
C. McLean ◽  
T. Neyhart

One of the projects sponsored by the U.S. Navy's Maritime Technologies (MARITECH) Advanced Shipbuilding Enterprise Initiative in 1999 is being conducted jointly by the Atlantic Marine Holding Company (AMHC) in Mobile, Alabama (which also has facilities in Jacksonville, Florida) and the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland. This project, "Knowledge-Based Modular Repair: Advanced Technology Applications for Ship Repair and Conversion," has the following goal: to reduce cycle times and costs, and improve the precision and overall quality of repair and conversion processes conducted by American shipyards. This paper presents the work being conducted in this project, along with first-year results. The project incorporates precision metrology techniques and advanced modeling and simulation technologies into repair and conversion operations. The project is facilitating prefabrication and modular installation of structural and mechanical system components during large-scale overhaul and conversion projects by using advanced engineering technologies combined with reverse engineering and accurate, predictive modeling tools. Planning processes are being created to incorporate the technologies developed by the project into contracted work in the shipyard and to assist the customer in making informed, accurate decisions about optimum approaches to real-world projects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
A. A. Nikonova

The article is devoted to the study of factors that inhibit the creation of knowledge and technologies, as well as usage and diffusion in the Russian economy and that pose the threats to the technological development of the country. The study is based on the system economic theory methodology, which involve system analysis methods studying the economy and society as an integrated socio-economic system in its unity and mutual dependence of key subsystems. This approach is aimed to receive evaluation reflecting the real static and dynamic picture of all sectors that contribute to the creation of innovation: production, monetary systems, institutional environment, science, education and society. The risk zones are depicted in the diagram of the strategic planning and governance inherent Russian practice. From a systemic point of view, the conclusions are that the objective system evaluation should be in the basis of the strategy. Inadequate quality of planning, ignoring system linkages and interactions in decision-making, use of incorrect data as well as other defective governance actions pose a significant threat to the development of the Russian Federation. The directions for further research in order to reduce the risks of technological development strategy are proposed in the paper. The proposals concern improvement in both evaluation methods and the metrics of the socio-economic system characteristics, which can give the truth picture of the system, and the concept of strategizing changes in non-stationary economy.The author declare no conflict of interest.


Author(s):  
Teta Stamati ◽  
Athanasios Karantjias

Electronic services have become a critical force in service oriented economies introducing new paradigms like connected governance, ubiquitous and ambient public services, knowledge-based administration, and participatory budgeting. The success of e-Government integration requires the modernization of current governmental processes and services under three different perspectives, namely governmental business processes reengineering, legal framework reformation and technical solution effectiveness. The study proposes a knowledge guide for approaching, analyzing and defining government-wide architectural practices when building large scale enterprise governmental frameworks. A set of fundamental design and implementation principles are specified for increasing government organizations’ agility and ensuring that end-users perceive the quality of the provided services.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
T. S. KOLMYKOVA ◽  
◽  
A. V. ZELENOV ◽  

The article considers the theoretical aspects of the development of the fourth industrial revolution and digitalization of the economy and the role of human capital in the implementation of these processes. The periodization of technological development taking into account industrial revolutions is given. It is established that the new technological revolution and digitalization of the economy leads to a wide spread of end-to-end technologies. The study examined nine end-to-end technologies and identified problems of their statistical measurement and accounting. The analysis of the distribution of R&d volume and the number of patents for end-to-end digital technologies for 2011–2018 is carried out.


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